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Mammo Practice 2 > Practice 2 > Flashcards

Practice 2 Flashcards

1
Q
A
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2
Q
  1. Clinical breast examination (CBE) and breast self examination (BSE) are similar in that both

(A) involve looking and feeling for changes in the breast

(B) are performed by a trained medical professional

(C) are performed montly

(D) are performed yearly

A

A - involve looking and feeling for changes in the breast

Both clinical breast examination and breast self examination are examinations in which changes in the shape, contour, and texture of the breast are assessed and the breast is checked for lumps. CBE is performed by a heatlh care profession, whereas BSE is performed by the woman herself.

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3
Q
  1. The most common cause of under compression is

(A) a faulty compression paddle

(B) inadequate compression by technologist

(C) the patients pain tolerance level

(D) a broken autmatic compression device

A

(B) inadequate compression by technologist

Studies have shown that although there are many reasons for undercompression, the main reason is lack of communication between the technologist and the patient. The technologist undercompresses the breast either because the patient refuses further compression or is unable to tolerate more compression or the technologist wants to protect the patient from further pain.

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4
Q
  1. The Health Insurance Portabilit and Acountability Act (HIPAA) of 1996 has an influence on the radiology department and other hospital departmenents because of its focus on

(A) patient record confidentiality

(B) facility reimbursement

(C) quality management

(D) risk management

A

(A) patient record confidentiality

HIPPA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 comprises privacy rules that provide all patients with federal protections of their health information. it gives patients an array of rights with respect to their health records and monitors the disclosure of health information needed for patient care.

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5
Q
  1. Ductal papilloma is

(A) a benign proliferation of tissue in the male breast

(B) a malignant tumor involving ducts

(C) a collection of blood in the breast occurring after surger

(D) benign growths involving the milk ducts

A

(D) benign growths involving the milk ducts

An intraductal papilloma generally occurs near the nipple within the larger ducts but can also occur deep within the breast. The papilloma may produce spontaneous discharge from the nipple or if located deep within the breast, may appear radiographically as a mass. Ductal papillomas are benign and can be vizualized with ductography or galactography. However, ultrasonography is becoming the modality of choice when evaluation ducts.

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6
Q
  1. The right craniocaudal (CC) projection in a routine imaging series showed a small irregular shaped lesion at the posterior margin of the image plus scattered calcifications, including calcification clusters. Typically the radiologist will recommened ___ as the immediate next step

(A) ultrasonography to assess the content of the lesion and provide an analysis of the calcifications

(B) spot compression, including magnification, to assess calcifications and the margins of the lesion

(C) magnetic resonance imaging to assess for malignancy and to assess any calcifications

(D) a breast biopsy to check for malignancy

A

(B) spot compression, includign magnification, to assess calcifications and the margins of the lesion

Further imaging depends on the preference of the radiologist. However, when possible, imaging should show a lesion in its entirety. Before moving to another modality, such as MRI or ultrasonagraphy, the radiologist is likely to recommend further mammographic examinations, such as spot compression to delineate the margins of the lesion and/or magnification to asses the calcifications. MRI and ultrasonagraphy do not image calcifications well.

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7
Q
  1. A bunch of eight bits equals one

(A) pixel

(B) byte

(C) matrix

(D) bit depth

A

(B) byte

A digital image consists of a box of cells or picture elements (pixels) corresponding to numeric values arranged in rows and columns. Each pixel contains bits of information. The rows and columns form a matrix and each cell corresponds to a specific location in the image. The matrix size is determined by the number of pixels in the rows and columns. The bit depth is the number of gray shades that a pixel produce. A bunch of eight bits is a byte.

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8
Q
  1. Which of the following could be used when imaging extremely small breasts in the CC position

(A) spatula

(B) mediolateral (ML) projection

(C) cleavage view (CV) projection

(D) exaggerated craniocaudal (XCCL) projection

A

(A) spatula

The spatula can be used instead of the technologist’s fingers to pull extremely small breasts into position for compression. The Mediolateral (ML) projection is a lateral projection. Cleavage view (CV) images the extreme medial breast from the craniocaudal (CC) position and the exaggerated craniocaudal (XCCL) projection images the extreme lateral breast from the CC position.

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9
Q
  1. In the tangential (TAN) projection, any tube angulation will depend on

(A) the size of the patients breast

(B) the location of the abnormality

(C) the position of the mid axillary line in relation to the detector

(D) whether the abnomality is palpable or non palpable

A

(B) the location of the abnormality

In the Tangential (TAN) projection, the technique is to take a skimming projection of the area of interest. Because TAN can be taken in any porojection, the degree of obliquity and the projection depends on the location ofht abnormality a BB (lead) marker can be used to establish the area of interest.

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10
Q
  1. A small but growing cancer may not be obvious to the individual because it often presents as

(A) skin irritation

(B) inverted nipples

(C) a painless mass

(D) a painful mass

A

(C) a painless mass

Although pain can be associated with breast cancer, a painless mass is the more common symptom of breast cancer. Painful masses are associated with cysts. Less common symptoms of advanced breast cancer include skin thickening, skin irritation or distortion, and sudden nipple inversion, discharge, erosion, or tenderness.

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11
Q
  1. Mammography is more accurate in

(A) premenopausal women

(B) postmenopausal women

(C) women with fibrocystic breast

(D) women with dense breast tissue

A

(B) postmenopausal women

On average, mammography can detect up to 90% of breast cancers in women without symptoms and is more accurate in postmenopausal women compared with premonopausal women. Some cancers are not visualized mammographically. The reasons are varied. The patient may have extremely dense breasts, or ammography may not be the best method of detection for a particular type of cancer. Poor imaging techniques applied by the technologist and the interpretation skills of the radiologist can also be contributing factors.

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12
Q
  1. In taking medical history, hormone use (both natural and artificial) is taken into account because

(A) hormones cause breast cancer

(B) early menarche can increase breast cancer risks

(C) late menarche can increase breast cancer risks

(D) contraceptive use lowers the risk for breast cancer

A

(B) early menarche can increase breast cancer risks

Hormone use influences breast cancer risk but does not actually cause breast cancer. All factors that increase the number of menstrual cycles in a woman’s lifetime can increase breast cancer.

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13
Q
  1. One major difference between collimation in mammography and collimation in general radiography is that

(A) in mammography, the entire detector area is exposed

(B) decreasing collimation increases exposure in mammography

(C) mammography uses a variety of beam limiting device

(D) in radiogrpahy, the entire detector area is always exposed

A

(A) in mammography, the entire detector area is exposed

In general, the use of any beam-limiting device in radiography or mammography requires increased exposure. Both imaging methods use various sized beam limiting devices. However, unlike general radiography, where the beam should be limited to the size of the part, in mammography, the entire field is exposed. This is ncecessary to reduce extraneous light when viewing the analog image on the view box and, although postprocess masking is possible with digital imaging, the technique has not been altered.

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14
Q
  1. Line pair per millimeter is the unit of

(A) matrix size

(B) spatial resolution

(C) field of view (FOV)

(D) bit depth

A

(B) spatial resolution

The spatial resolution of a digital system is the minimum separation betwen two objects at which they can be distinguished as two separate objects in the image. In digital imaging, spatial resolution is determined by the pixel size. Smaller pixels have better sptial resolution. Spatial resolution is measured as line pairs per millimeter (lp/mm). The matrix size is determined by the number of pixels in the row and columns. The bit depth is the number of gray shades that a pixel can produce. The Field of view (FOV) sets the collimation for breast size and describes how much of the breast is imaged in the matrix.

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15
Q
  1. Image brightness is adjusted by changing the

(A) milliampere second (mAs)

(B) peak kilovoltage (kVp)

(C) window level

(D) window width

A

(C) window level

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16
Q
  1. The retromammary space is filled with

(A) supportive and connecting tissues

(B) adipose tissue

(C) fibroglandular tissue

(D) blood vessels

A

(B) adipose tissue

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17
Q
  1. The fatty versus fibroglandular nature of the breast itssue is affected by which of the following

(A) age

(B) hormone use

(C) number of pregnancies

(D) all of the above

A

(D) all of the above

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18
Q
  1. In positioning for the exaggerated craniocaudal (XCCL) projection, if the shoulder of the affected side is in the way of the compression device

(A) push the shoulder down

(B) use 5-degree lateral tube angulation

(C) use 5-degree medial tube angulation to avoid superposing the shoudler on breast tissue

(D) reduce the patients lateral rotation

A

(B) use 5-degree lateral tube angulation

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19
Q
  1. In the CC position, the pectoral muscle is seen

(A) all the time

(B) rarely if ever

(C) about 30 to 40% of the time

(D) about 50% of the time

A

(C) about 30 to 40% of the time

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20
Q
  1. Between ages 20 and 39 years, the American Cancer Society (ACS) recommends CBE every

(A) year

(B) 2 years

(C) 3 years

(D) 4 years

A

(C) 3 years

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21
Q
  1. Regardless of the reason, if the proper amount of compression cannot be applied, which of the followign must apply

(A) the patient must be infomred

(B) the patients doctor must be informed

(C) the radiologist must be informed

(D) it must be noted on the patients history form

A

(D) it must be noted on the patients history form

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22
Q
  1. On the CC image, the posterior nipple line (PNL) should extend to the

(A) level of the nipple

(B) posterior breast or edge of the image

(C) level of the inframammary fole (IMF)

(D) most anterior breast

A

(B) posterior breast or edge of the image

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23
Q
  1. The interspace material of the mammography linear grid is generally made of

(A) carbon or wood

(B) aluminum

(C) any highly radiopaque material

(D) lead

A

(A) carbon or wood

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24
Q
  1. Which section of the breast is poorly visualized on the CC projection

(A) medial

(B) axial

(C) lateral

(D) superior

A

(C) lateral

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25
Q
  1. Adjusting the image contrast is achieved by

(A) changing the window level

(B) decreasing the pixel size

(C) changing the window width

(D) increasing the pixel size

A

(C) changing the window width

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26
Q
  1. Which projection could be used to demonstrate a deep medial lesion not seen on CC

(A) axillary tail (AT)

(B) XCCL

(C) CV
(D) MLO

A

(C) CV

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27
Q
  1. After a routine four projection mammographic series, the nipple is not seen in profile on any of the images. Additional projections are done if
  2. the nipple is indistinguishable from a mass
  3. a subareolar abnormality is suspected
  4. the nipple is not marked iwth a BB (lead shot )

(A) 1 and 2

(B) 2 and 3

(C) 1 and 3

(D) 1,2,3

A

(D) 1,2,3

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28
Q
  1. Your patients sister was diagnosed iwth rbeast cancer at age 35 years. Your patient is considered to have

(A) a greater risk of breast cancer

(B) a lower risk for breast cancer

(C) no significantly increased risk for breast cancer

(D) a personal history of breast cancer

A

(A) a greater risk of breast cancer

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29
Q
  1. The MQSA mandates tha the average flandular dose received per projection/position during routine mammogrpahy screening not exceed

(A) 1 mGy (100 mrad)

(B) 2 mGy (200 mrad)

(C) 3 mGy (300 mrad)

(D) 4 mGy (400 mrad)

A

(C) 3 mGy (300 mrad)

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30
Q
  1. The device used to vonvert the films in an analog imaging system to a digital image is called

(A) a film digitizer

(B) DICOM

(C) an analogn to digital converter (ADC)

(D) a digital to analog converter (DAC)

A

(A) a film digitizer

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31
Q
  1. The computer netweork that allows images to be viewed at various monitors or transmitted or stored is termed

(A) local area network (LAN)

(B) picture archivign and communications system (PACS)

(C) DICOM
(D) wide area network (WAN)

A

(B) picture archivign and communications system (PACS)

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32
Q
  1. Which of the following statements about health care records is false

(A) health records must inlcude all signed informed consent forms

(B) patients have a right to amend their health care records

(C) patietns can access their health records

(D) health care records cannot be used in a court of law

A

(D) health care records cannot be used in a court of law

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33
Q
  1. Montgomery glands are specialized

(A) sweat glands

(B) sebaceous glands

(C) Cooper ligaments

(D) hair follicles

A

(B) sebaceous glands

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34
Q
  1. A woman takign hormone replacement therpay may notice changes in the breast, such as

(A) breast enlargement

(B) increase in fibroadenomas

(C) increase in breast cysts

(D) all of the above

A

(D) all of the above

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35
Q
  1. Pagets disease of the breast is a

(A) infiltrating carcinoma generally limited to the breast

(B) form a carcinoma associated with changes in the nipple

(C) benign breast conidtion that is relatively common

(D) malignant form of breast carcinoma involving lobules

A

(B) form a carcinoma associated with changes in the nipple

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36
Q
  1. in a digital image, what determines the matrix size

(A) the number of bits in each pixel

(B) the number of pixels in the rows and columns

(C) the pciture elements in the matrix

(D) the number of gray shaes that a pixel can produce

A

(B) the number of pixels in the rows and columns

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37
Q
  1. A set of computer software standards that permits a wide range of digital imaging programs to understand each other is called

(A) DIGCOM
(B) PACS
(C) DICOM
(D) PCAS

A

(C) DICOM

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38
Q
  1. A PACS network typically would include

(A) digital images from multiple modalities

(B) images from a single modality

(C) all records of patients

(D) surgical and radiography patient records

A

(A) digital images from multiple modalities

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39
Q
  1. Women who were exposed to diethylstilbestrol (DES) in utero may have

(A) a lower risk for breast cancer

(B) a higher risk for breast cancer if they are also receiving hormone replacement therapy

(C) a lower risk for breast cancer if theya re also receiving HRT

(D) breast tissue that is extra sensitive to radiation

A

(B) a higher risk for breast cancer if they are also receiving hormone replacement therapy

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40
Q
  1. In which of the followign modified proejctions is the superior surface of the rbeast rolled medially

(A) rolled medial (RM)

(B) roller lateral (RL)

(C) medial (M)

(D) lateromeidal (LM)

A

(A) rolled medial (RM)

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41
Q
  1. factors that lower breast cancer risks include
  2. having the first child after age 30 years
  3. breastfeeding
  4. late menarch

(A) 1 and 2

(B) 2 and 3

(C) 1 and 3

(D) 1,2,3

A

(B) 2 and 3

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42
Q
  1. PACS stands for

(A) picture access to communication system

(B) picture archiving and computer system

(C) picture archiving and communication system

(D) pixel access and computer system

A

(C) picture archiving and communication system

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43
Q
  1. The computer processing or photostimulable phosphor (PSP) reader function to

(A) focus a beam of infrared light on the PSP

(B) trap excited electrons at a higher energy level

(C) scan, read, and erase the exposed PSP

(D) provide enrgy to rapped electrons

A

(C) scan, read, and erase the exposed PSP

44
Q
  1. Gynecomastia is the term for

(A) a localized abscess

(B) increased breast tissue in the male breast

(C) decreased breast tissue in the female breast

(D) a risk of carcinoma in the male patient

A

(B) increased breast tissue in the male breast

45
Q
  1. Photostimulable luminescence (PSL) is

(A) emission of bluish-purple light from electrons as they transition from higher energy to a lower enegery state

(B) conversion of light energy to an electrical signal by the phtomultiplier tube (PMT)

(C) conversion of the analog signal to a digital signal by the ADC
(D) conversion of light into an analog signal by the charge coupled device (CCD)

A

(A) emission of bluish-purple light from electrons as they transition from higher energy to a lower enegery state

46
Q
  1. According to MQSA regulations, which of the following is not required on the final mammographic image?

(A) date of the examination

(B) tehcnical factors used

(C) technologist identification

(D) projection identification

A

(B) tehcnical factors used

47
Q
  1. The IMF is located at approxiametely the level of the

(A) 2nd to 3rd rib

(B) 3rd to 4th rib

(C) 4th and 5th rib

(D) 6th to 7th rib

A

(D) 6th to 7th rib

48
Q
  1. Scatted radiation is reduced during magnification mammography by

(A) using a small focal spot size

(B) using a grid

(C) using the air gap technique

(D) increasing the source to image receptor distance (SID)

A

(C) using the air gap technique

49
Q
  1. Ductography can be used to determine

(A) the location of lesions in ducts

(B) whether a lesion is benign or malignant

(C) change or abnormalities associated with ducts

(D) more than one of the above

A

(D) more than one of the above

50
Q
  1. When imaging smal breasta, a ueful option is

(A) replacing CC with XCCL

(B) using Ml instead of MLO

(C) using a spatula to avoid compressing the fingers

(D) reducing angulation to avoid to much comression of the pectoral muscle

A

(C) using a spatula to avoid compressing the fingers

51
Q
  1. During magnification, positioning the breast away from the detector utilizes which law/principle in scatter reduction

(A) inverse square law

(B) reciprocity law

(C) heel effect

(D) line focus principle

A

(A) inverse square law

52
Q
  1. A nulliparous woman has a lower risk for breast cancer compared with a woman with a history of

(A) late menopause

(B) late menarche

(C) breast cancer

(D) early menarche

A

(C) breast cancer

53
Q
  1. In routine mammography, the primary purpose of the frid is to

(A) improve image sharpness

(B) reduce the productionof scatter

(C) reduce patient dose

(D) increase the subject contrast

A

(D) increase the subject contrast

54
Q
  1. The implant displaced (ID) projection is possible on all of the following cases except

(A) implants placed posterior to the pectoral muscle

(B) implants placed anterior to the pectoral muscle

(C) soft implants

(D) encapsulated implants

A

(D) encapsulated implants

55
Q
  1. A palpable mass that is not seen on a diagnostic mammogram generally means that

(A) breast cancer is ruled out; the mass is probably benign

(B) other diagnostic testing must be considered

(C) the mass is likely breast cancer

(D) the mass is likely caused by fluctuating hormones

A

(B) other diagnostic testing must be considered

56
Q
  1. Which of the following patients has the greatest risk for breast cancer

(A) a nulliparous woman age 40 years

(B) a never married woman

(C) a woman age 70 years

(D) a owman age 30 years

A

(C) a woman age 70 years

57
Q
  1. A technologist using a 0.1mm focal spot size is most likely performing

(A) routine mammography work

(B) magnification imaging

(C) spot compression imaging

(D) stereotactic work

A

(B) magnification imaging

58
Q
  1. Which of the following patients cannot give consent

(A) a minor who is married

(B) a minor serving in the military

(C) a competent adult

(D) a mentally challenged adult

A

(D) a mentally challenged adult

59
Q
  1. In the PSP computer reader (CR) the phtomultiplier tube

(A) collects the blue/purple light given off by trapped electrons

(B) scans the PSP with a red laser light

(C) provides energy to the trapped electrons in teh phosphor layer

(D) erases the PSP by releasing electrons

A

(A) collects the blue/purple light given off by trapped electrons

60
Q
  1. Which of the following statmetns is true about imaging the breast

(A) fold and or wringkels should be eliminated by pusing the posteriorly

(B) skin folds and wrikles may be impossible to avoid in older adults

(C) when imaging older adults, the study will be compromised by folds and wrinkles

(D) fold and wrinkles can be eliminated by pulling them anteriorly

A

(B) skin folds and wrikles may be impossible to avoid in older adults

61
Q
  1. The term base of the breast refers to the

(A) the nipple are of the areola

(B) areas adjacent to the chest wall

(C) axilla area of the breast

(D) lower outer quadrant of the breast

A

(B) areas adjacent to the chest wall

62
Q
  1. Fibrous tissues are presented radiographically as

(A) black or radiolucent areas

(B) gray and less dense areas

(C) white or denser areas

(D) black and less dense areas

A

(C) white or denser areas

63
Q
  1. The calcifications seen are characteristic of

** ADD PIC**

(A) invasive ductal carcinoma

(B) malignant calcifications

(C) calcifications caused by plasma cell mastitits

(D) numerous oil cysts

A

(B) malignant calcifications

64
Q
  1. The MLO projection demostrates a large encapsulated lesion occupying almost the entire breast. The contour is sharp, and the lesion is radiolucent. This lesion is most likely to be

(A) oil cyst

(B) hematoma

(C) fibroadenoma

(D) lipoma

A

(D) lipoma

65
Q
  1. The latent image on the PSP can last several hours but will lose

(A) 50% of its energy in 4 hours

(B) 50% of its energy in 8 hours

(C) 25% of its energy in 4 hours

(D) 25% of its energy in 8 hours

A

(D) 25% of its energy in 8 hours

66
Q
  1. Disadvantages of the PSP or computed mammography (CM) technology includes

(A) reduced repeats

(B) wide latitude and dynamic range of the system

(C) PSPs sensitivity to radiation

(D) speed of the imaging system

A

(C) PSPs sensitivity to radiation

67
Q
  1. In the nonscintillator direct-based flat-panel digital mammography (DM) system, the x-ray beam strikes a

(A) scintillator

(B) photoconductor

(C) thin film transistor

(D) photomultiplier

A

(B) photoconductor

68
Q
  1. Spot compression
  2. applies more compression to a localized area
  3. can be perfored with magnification
  4. employs a coned collimated field to limit the area of interest

(A) 1

(B) 1 and 2

(C) 2 and 3

(D) 1,2,3

A

(B) 1 and 2

69
Q
  1. To reduce the possibility of projecting the abdomen on the MLO image, the technologist could

(A) have the patient stand just at the detector and bend backward

(B) have the patient stand away fromt eh detector and bend forward

(C) have the patient turn medially to image the lateral breast on CC

(D) image the breasat in the lateral position instead

A

(B) have the patient stand away fromt eh detector and bend forward

70
Q
  1. A four-projection mammography series shows a solitary tumor, with the halo sign, in the upper outer quadrant of the left breast. The lesion is partially obscured. The recommended next step is

(A) biopsy

(B) ultrasonography

(C) stereotactic localization

(D) aspiration

A

(B) ultrasonography

71
Q
  1. Why is the specimen magnified

(A) to ensure that the lesion has been completely removed

(B) to visualize the cacifications within the specimen

(C) to compare the magnified and nonmagnified images

(D) to check the number and placement of calcifications

A

(B) to visualize the cacifications within the specimen

72
Q
  1. In digital mammography, a grossly underexposed image

(A) appears excessively noisy

(B) is too light

(C) is too dark

(D) appears correctly exposed

A

(A) appears excessively noisy

73
Q
  1. Which of the following patients is likely to be diagnosed with pathological gynecomastia

(A) lactating woman

(B) older man
(C) premonopausal woman

(D) young man

A

(B) older man

74
Q
  1. Montgomery glands are located on the breasts

(A) skin

(B) nipple

(C) areola

(D) muscle

A

(C) areola

75
Q
  1. Aluminum can be used as the filtration material in

(A) digital units, when imaging dense breasts

(B) digital tomosynthesis units

(C) digital units, when imaging fatty breasts

(D) digital units, when using molybdenum targets

A

(B) digital tomosynthesis units

76
Q
  1. Digital mammography units often use ___ as the target material

(A) molybdenum

(B) rhodium

(C) aluminum

(D) tungsten

A

(D) tungsten

77
Q
  1. The ACS has recommended that women over age 40 years undergo CBE every

(A) year

(B) 2 years

(C) 3 years

(D) 4 years

A

(A) year

78
Q
  1. When imaging the breast usign the CC projection, if the detector is too high or too low, the IMF will be overelevated or underelevated. Overelevation of the IMF will result in

(A) loss of posterior and superior breast tissue in the image

(B) loss of anterior and posterior breast tissue in the image

(C) loss of superior and posterior breast tissue in the image

(D) loss of inferior and posterior breast tissue in the image

A

(D) loss of inferior and posterior breast tissue in the image

79
Q
  1. Capture leemtns in the flat panel detector system can include all of the following except

(A) phtomultiplier

(B) cesium iodide

(C) gadolinium oxysulfide

(D) amorphous selenium

A

(A) phtomultiplier

80
Q
  1. Which of the following involves the use of a small guage needle to remove cell samples from a suspected cancerous lesion int eh breast for cytoogical analysis

(A) core biopsy

(B) excisional biopsy

(C) needle localization

(D) fine needle biops (FNB)

A

(D) fine needle biops (FNB)

81
Q
  1. A lesion is superimposed by breast tissue in the CC projection. A projection/position used to demonstrate the lesion int he same orientation but free of superimposition is the

(A) MLO

(B) ID

(C) XCCL
(D) RM

A

(D) RM

82
Q
  1. In imaging the breast in the MLO projection, compression to the lower, anterior portion of the breast is compromised if

(A) the detector is too high

(B) the pectoral muscle extends to the nipple line

(C) too much axilla and shoulder are under compression

(D) the IMF is not horizontal

A

(C) too much axilla and shoulder are under compression

83
Q
  1. The term involuation of the breast describes a process by which

(A) milk is removed from the breast by suckling

(B) breast epithelium proliferates during menstruation

(C) the glandular tissue in the breast is replaced by fat

(D) estrogen use causes an overall decrease in tissue density in the breast

A

(C) the glandular tissue in the breast is replaced by fat

84
Q
  1. In imaging the breast for the CC projection, what technique is used to minimize skin folds in the lateral aspect of the breast

(A) lifting the posterior lateral aspect of the breast onto the detector

(B) drapign the contralateral breast over the corners of the detector

(C) having the patient turn the head to face the lateral breast

(D) the patients arm hanging relaxed on the side being imaged, with the humerus externally rotated

A

(D) the patients arm hanging relaxed on the side being imaged, with the humerus externally rotated

85
Q
  1. Phosphor crystals in the flat panel detector system are classified as ___ phosphores when they are scattered through the phosphor level

(A) needle

(B) turbid

(C) amorphous

(D) selenium

A

(B) turbid

86
Q
  1. Grid use in magnification mammography is contraindicated because

(A) the use of a grid will increase subject contrast

(B) scatter is already minimized

(C) grid use increases with scatter

(D) the use of grids would result in decreased subject contrast

A

(B) scatter is already minimized

87
Q
  1. Which statement best describes a parallel or linear grid?

(A) lead strips are aligned adjacent to one another and placed lengthwise in the same direction within the structure of the grid

(B) lead strips are aligned at right angles to each other

(C) lead strips are designed to take advantage of the divergence of the x-ray beam as it leave the x-ray tube

(D) lead strips are designed to move during the exposure

A

(A) lead strips are aligned adjacent to one another and placed lengthwise in the same direction within the structure of the grid

88
Q
  1. The main difference between the technlogist monitor and the radiologists monitor is

(A) display size

(B) resolution

(C) illuminance

(D) luminance

A

(B) resolution

89
Q
  1. Scintillators are used to convert

(A) xrays to light

(B) xrays to electrons

(C) light to electrons

(D) electrons to light

A

(A) xrays to light

90
Q
  1. The photoconductor in the direct digital radiography system is used to convert

(A) xray to light

(B) xrays to electrons

(C) light to electron

(D) electrons to light

A

(B) xrays to electrons

91
Q
  1. The repeat rate should be analyzed if the rate changes from the previous measure rate by more than

(A) +/- 2% points

(B) +/- 3% points

(C) +/- 4% points

(D) +/- 5% points

A

(A) =/- 2% points

92
Q
  1. A magnification image of a breast shows severa oval shaped radiolucent lesions with eggshell-like calcifications. These are most likely to be

(A) ductal papilloma

(B) fibroadenomas

(C) oil cysts

(D) hematomas

A

(C) oil cysts

93
Q
  1. The thin-film transistor (TFT) in the flat panel detector systems collects

(A) light

(B) pixels

(C) electrons

(D) xrays

A

(C) electrons

94
Q
  1. In general, the ID series are taken using the

(A) AT and MLO projection

(B) CC and ML projections

(C) CC and MLO projections

(D) CC and LM projections

A

(C) CC and MLO projections

95
Q
  1. Currently, all technologists or radiographers performing mammography independently must have

(A) satisfied the final requirements of the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

(B) completed at least 20 hours of documented training in mammography

(C) performed at least 75 examinations under direct supervision of a qualifed technologist

(D) none of the above

A

(D) none of the above

96
Q
  1. The criteria for a properly positioned MLO projection includes
  2. concave pectoral muscle on the anterior border
  3. fat visualized posterior to the fibroglandular tissues
  4. an open IMF

(A) 1 and 2

(B) 2 and 3

(C) 1 and 3

(D) 1,2,3,

A

(B) 2 and 3

97
Q
  1. A benign inflammatory conidtion of the lactiferous ducts leading to nipple discharge, nipple inversion or periareolar sepsis is called

(A) ductal ectasia

(B) Paget’s disease of the breast

(C) peau d’orange

(D) ductal papilloma

A

(A) ductal ectasia

98
Q
  1. The cells lining the alvoli in lobules are called

(A) epithelial cells

(B) myoepithelial cells

(C) basement cells

(D) superficial cells

A

(A) epithelial cells

99
Q
  1. Informed consent imploes that the patient
  2. has already signed the authorization for treatment
  3. was informed on the procedure or operation, its risks, possible consequence , and any alternative options
  4. the patient was given information about the procedure in his or her language

(A) 1 and 2

(B) 2 and 3

(C) 1 and 3

(D) 1,2,3

A

(B) 2 and 3

100
Q
  1. The technique for reshaping of the breast is called

(A) reduction mammoplasty

(B) mammoplasty

(C) breast augmentation

(D) breast biopsy

A

(B) mammoplasty

101
Q

The detector elements (DELs) are located within the

(A) scintillator

(B) TFT

(C) CCD

(D) complementary metal oxide silicon (CMOS)

A

(B) TFT

102
Q
  1. The CC projection in males will present the same difficulty as imaging small, firm breasted females. An added problem may be that

(A) male patients have more problems with compression

(B) the amle breast is smaller than the smallest female breast

(C) males have more muscular breast tissue

(D) hair on the chest of males makes compression difficult

A

(D) hair on the chest of males makes compression difficult

103
Q
  1. Which of the following are considered agencies granting accreditation under FDA regulation

(A) state of california

(B) ACR

(C) New York State Department of Health

(D) State of Florida

A

(B) ACR

104
Q
  1. Which alternative projection could be used, in addition to CC, in imaging a patient with a pacemaker

(A) ML

(B) lateromedial oblique (LMO)

(C) XCCL

(D) MLO

A

(B) lateromedial oblique (LMO)

105
Q
  1. In addition to the patietns name, all mammographic reports should have the

(A) final assessment of findings

(B) hospital number or additional patient identifier

(C) name of the radiologist

(D) all of the above

A

(D) all of the above

Mammo Practice 2 (1 decks)

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