Practice Flashcards
What side was the Ottoman Empire on, and when and why did they join?
The Ottoman Empire was a part of the Central Powers and It joined because of its alliance with Germany in 1914.
What was the significance of the Ottoman Empire going the war?
It represented how alliances drew nations into confrontation and conflict with their neighbours.
What does the weakening of the Ottoman Empire have to do with Greece, Bulgaria and Serbia?
All these countries were in the Balkans, a place in eastern europe that was under Ottoman control. Weakened Ottoman military forces allowed these places to gain independence that inspired Panslavism and so and so
What did the weakening of the Ottoman Empire bring about?
1.Russian and Austrian animosity over the Balkans. Eventual decision of spheres of influence in the Balkans. Russia = East and Austria= West. Eventual annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1908 …
- The Balkan Wars (1912 -m 1913)
What is Panslavism?
The belief that all the slavic speaking peoples in the Balkans in Eastern Europe should be united in a single nation state
Which Slavic state primarily championed panslavism
Serbia champoined the creation of a single slavic state especially after the german and italian unifications in the 1870s
What was the Serbian problem?
Austria Hungary was worried that growing serbian nationalism would spread to its own empire and break it up. The Austrian Hungarian empire had a number of serbs, croats , czechs and Bosnians that could leave to join this potential slavic state that Serbia championed. Austrian Hungary also didn’t want a potential rival slavic nation state so close to it
Why was Russia involved in the Balkans?
- Russians were slav so they supported slavic independence.
- They wanted to establish pro russian governments in the Balkans that would allow them to use Balkans ports to trade goods in the mediterranean
How did Russia support pan-Slavism movements?
Russia supported nationalist rebels in Bulgarias struggle for independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1876
What did Britain and France have to do with the tensions in the Balkans?
Didn’t want Russia to trade in the mediterranean for their own trade interests.
Why were the Balkans an unstable region in Europe (the involvement)
The Ottoman Empire, Russia, Austria Hungary, Slavic People, Britain and France.
When did Austria-Hungary annex Bosnia and Herzegovina?
1908
Who did the annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina anger?
Serbia and Russia )(It almost started a war) Anti- Austrian, ultra nationalist terrorist groups emerged after this
What is the Black Hand
A Serbian ultra nationalist terrorist group that hated the annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina by Austria Hungary and the control of slavic states by Austria Hungary and the Ottoman Empire and wanted to see all slavs free. Gavrilo Princip, a member of this group carried out the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand, setting of the war.
The Balkan Wars??
A series of small conflicts in the balkans that aimed to drive out the ottomans from eastern europe between 1912 and 1913 (resulting from the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire)
The Balkan Wars’ significance
- Showed russian influence in the balkans. the slavic nations fought in the Balkan league under russian influence in the first balkan war.
- After the second balkan war, Serbia gained a lot of territory and emerged as the most dominant Balkan power which threatened Austria Hungary.
- In the second balkan war, Bulgaria was defeated by Serbia and Greece after demanding more land. This impacted Bulgaria to side with the Central Powers in the first world war.
The pattern of declaration of war in 1914?
Austria Hungary declares war on Serbia
Russia mobilises in support of Serbia
Germany declares war on Russia
Germany declares war on France
Germanyy invades Belgium then Britain declares war on Germany.
What year was the Franco-Prussian War?
1870 - 1871
Who spearheaded the Franco-Prussian War?
Otto von Bismarck
What caused the Franco-Prussian War?
France already felt threatened by possible German Unification. Otto von Bismarck faked a telegram from the Prussian King to Napoleon III, insulting him, this angered the French and they declared war. This was a clever diplomatic decision by Bismarck as it made France appear like an agressor and got the other germanic states to unite with Prussia to fight the French and win.
Significance of the Franco-Prussian War
- Humiliated the French and the French lost Alsace Lorraine
- Increased German Nationalism
- Britain, France and Russia started to pay attention to this potential new state that could alter the balance of power in Europe
- Solidified German Unification
The Balance of Power you keep on using to explain everything.
The term ‘Balance of Power’ refers to the distribution of power among nations such that no individual state becomes dominant enough to pose a threat to others.
What was the Dual Alliance ?
An alliance between Austria Hungary and Germany in 1879 organized by Otto von Bismarck. it detailed that incase of an attack from Russia they would protect each other and be neutral incase of an attack from France. By doing this Bismarck made Germany not to be isolated and preserved the peace by preventing Russian attack
What brought the dual alliance together?
1.Common distrust of Russia (the league of three emperors ended in 1878)
2. Were the same ethnically and linguistically
