Practice

Question 1

What side was the Ottoman Empire on, and when and why did they join?

Answer 1

The Ottoman Empire was a part of the Central Powers and It joined because of its alliance with Germany in 1914.

Question 2

What was the significance of the Ottoman Empire going the war?

Answer 2

It represented how alliances drew nations into confrontation and conflict with their neighbours.

Question 3

What does the weakening of the Ottoman Empire have to do with Greece, Bulgaria and Serbia?

Answer 3

All these countries were in the Balkans, a place in eastern europe that was under Ottoman control. Weakened Ottoman military forces allowed these places to gain independence that inspired Panslavism and so and so

Question 4

What did the weakening of the Ottoman Empire bring about?

Answer 4

1.Russian and Austrian animosity over the Balkans. Eventual decision of spheres of influence in the Balkans. Russia = East and Austria= West. Eventual annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1908 …

2. The Balkan Wars (1912 -m 1913)

Question 5

What is Panslavism?

Answer 5

The belief that all the slavic speaking peoples in the Balkans in Eastern Europe should be united in a single nation state

Question 6

Which Slavic state primarily championed panslavism

Answer 6

Serbia champoined the creation of a single slavic state especially after the german and italian unifications in the 1870s

Question 7

What was the Serbian problem?

Answer 7

Austria Hungary was worried that growing serbian nationalism would spread to its own empire and break it up. The Austrian Hungarian empire had a number of serbs, croats , czechs and Bosnians that could leave to join this potential slavic state that Serbia championed. Austrian Hungary also didn’t want a potential rival slavic nation state so close to it

Question 8

Why was Russia involved in the Balkans?

Answer 8

1. Russians were slav so they supported slavic independence.
2. They wanted to establish pro russian governments in the Balkans that would allow them to use Balkans ports to trade goods in the mediterranean

Question 9

How did Russia support pan-Slavism movements?

Answer 9

Russia supported nationalist rebels in Bulgarias struggle for independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1876

Question 10

What did Britain and France have to do with the tensions in the Balkans?

Answer 10

Didn’t want Russia to trade in the mediterranean for their own trade interests.

Question 11

Why were the Balkans an unstable region in Europe (the involvement)

Answer 11

The Ottoman Empire, Russia, Austria Hungary, Slavic People, Britain and France.

Question 12

When did Austria-Hungary annex Bosnia and Herzegovina?

Answer 12

1908

Question 13

Who did the annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina anger?

Answer 13

Serbia and Russia )(It almost started a war) Anti- Austrian, ultra nationalist terrorist groups emerged after this

Question 14

What is the Black Hand

Answer 14

A Serbian ultra nationalist terrorist group that hated the annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina by Austria Hungary and the control of slavic states by Austria Hungary and the Ottoman Empire and wanted to see all slavs free. Gavrilo Princip, a member of this group carried out the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand, setting of the war.

Question 15

The Balkan Wars??

Answer 15

A series of small conflicts in the balkans that aimed to drive out the ottomans from eastern europe between 1912 and 1913 (resulting from the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire)

Question 16

The Balkan Wars’ significance

Answer 16

1. Showed russian influence in the balkans. the slavic nations fought in the Balkan league under russian influence in the first balkan war.
2. After the second balkan war, Serbia gained a lot of territory and emerged as the most dominant Balkan power which threatened Austria Hungary.
3. In the second balkan war, Bulgaria was defeated by Serbia and Greece after demanding more land. This impacted Bulgaria to side with the Central Powers in the first world war.

Question 17

The pattern of declaration of war in 1914?

Answer 17

Austria Hungary declares war on Serbia
Russia mobilises in support of Serbia
Germany declares war on Russia
Germany declares war on France
Germanyy invades Belgium then Britain declares war on Germany.

Question 18

What year was the Franco-Prussian War?

Answer 18

1870 - 1871

Question 19

Who spearheaded the Franco-Prussian War?

Answer 19

Otto von Bismarck

Question 20

What caused the Franco-Prussian War?

Answer 20

France already felt threatened by possible German Unification. Otto von Bismarck faked a telegram from the Prussian King to Napoleon III, insulting him, this angered the French and they declared war. This was a clever diplomatic decision by Bismarck as it made France appear like an agressor and got the other germanic states to unite with Prussia to fight the French and win.

Question 21

Significance of the Franco-Prussian War

Answer 21

1. Humiliated the French and the French lost Alsace Lorraine
2. Increased German Nationalism
3. Britain, France and Russia started to pay attention to this potential new state that could alter the balance of power in Europe
4. Solidified German Unification

Question 22

The Balance of Power you keep on using to explain everything.

Answer 22

The term ‘Balance of Power’ refers to the distribution of power among nations such that no individual state becomes dominant enough to pose a threat to others.

Question 23

What was the Dual Alliance ?

Answer 23

An alliance between Austria Hungary and Germany in 1879 organized by Otto von Bismarck. it detailed that incase of an attack from Russia they would protect each other and be neutral incase of an attack from France. By doing this Bismarck made Germany not to be isolated and preserved the peace by preventing Russian attack

Question 24

What brought the dual alliance together?

Answer 24

1.Common distrust of Russia (the league of three emperors ended in 1878)
2. Were the same ethnically and linguistically

Question 25

King Leopold of Belgium’s significance

Answer 25

His desire to establish belgium as an imperial power led to him committing atrocities against the people in the Congo. Why ?? SOCIAL DARWINISM

Question 26

Who was Otto von Bismarck?

Answer 26

Otto von Bismarck was a german politician who held a number of important diplomatic roles in the country including prime minister of Prussia and Chancellor of Germany.

Question 27

Major things Bismarck did?

Answer 27

1. German Unification
2. Establishment of German Welfare state
3. Organizing the Scramble for Africa
4. Alliances

Question 28

Alliances organized by Bismarck and dates ?

Answer 28

1. The League of 3 Emperors: Russia, AH and Germany ( 1873 -1878)
2. Dual Alliance: 1789
3. Triple Alliance 1882
4. Reinsurance Treaty 1887- 1890

Question 29

What was Bismarck’s foreign policy?

Answer 29

Realpolitik. This was a realistic and pragmatic view of politics rather than an ideological one. After German unification, Bismarck wanted to prove that Germany could promote peace in Europe and help preserve the balance of power. When making decisions, he took into account the complex nature of european politics

Question 30

Why was Bismarck dismissed?

Answer 30

Bismarck was dismissed in 1890 by Kaiser Wilhelm II because of their significantly different foreign policies, Realpolitik and Weltpolitik.

Question 31

Bismarck and the Scramble for Africa

Answer 31

The Berlin Conference of 1884–85 was organized by Otto von Bismarck, the ؖ rst chancellor of Germany. The purpose of the Berlin Conference was to regulate European colonization and trade in Africa by identifying which European nations would be allowed to control which parts of Africa. His way of keeping the peace

Question 32

Bismarck and the Welfare State

Answer 32

He turned Germany into the first welfare state in Europe. He created national healthcare and old age pensions

Question 33

Anglo-French Entente

Answer 33

Also known as Entente Cordiale