Practice 1 Flashcards
What is a multiple relationship?
Having two different relationships with one client
Which of the following is part of the RBT ethical code?
Be truthful and honest
A client gives you a bottle opener from their birthday party. What does the ethical code say you should do?
Politely decline and explain to them/ their parents the nature of your professional relationship.
What should you do if you are arrested for a minor marijuana charge?
Report to BACB within 30 days
Which is considered confidential information per the BACB ethical code?
A. Information about a client that can be found online
B. Information about the people that RBT works with
C. Written records
D. All of the above
D. All of the above
If you are not providing direct ABA services and are having a fun Friday, what should you do?
Do not make reference to, display, or otherwise use your RBT
Your supervisor requests that you work with a new client who has behaviors you have never encountered. What should you do?
Request more training from supervising BCBA
Which antecedent increases or decreases the value of a consequence?
Motivating Operation
You are recording the time it takes from the presentation of the demand (Sd) to the first instance of behavior. What are you measuring?
Latency
How long the behavior occurs refers to what measurement dimension?
Duration
John is recording data on aggression by counting the number of scratches left on his body after a session. What kind of measurement is this?
Permanent product
Escape, attention, tangible, sensory
Functions of behavior
Determined by ABC Data
Function
The breakdown of a task into its individual components and steps.
Task analysis
Signals that reinforcement is available.
Sd
Examples are food, water, sex, sleep.
Primary reinforcement
Examples are money and tokens.
Secondary reinforcement
Increases the future likelihood of behavior.
Reinforcement
Adding a stimulus which increases the future likelihood of behavior.
Positive reinforcement
Verbal behavior with point-to-point correspondence.
Echoic
Removing a stimulus which decreases the future likelihood of behavior.
Negative punishment
Reinforcement is delivered on the average of every 2 minutes in which the behaviors occur.
VI-2
What are the four functions of behavior?
Sensory, Escape, Attention, and Tangibles
Verbal behavior of requesting
Mand
Removing a stimulus which decreases the future likelihood of behavior.
Negative punishment
Tilda finished her session after being supervised by her BCBA. During the session, she recorded data on a paper data collection sheet. While she was cleaning up, she spilled a cup of coffee all over her data sheet, making it completely illegible.
What should Tilda do? Her company has strict policies regarding staff who fail to properly enter data at the end of a shift!
Tilda should notify her supervisor of the mishap and try to prevent such a fiasco in the future – perhaps by using mechanical or digital data collection systems.
What occurs before the behavior?
Antecedent
Example, “do this.”
Sd
What occurs after the behavior?
Consequence
Tammy is a BCBA working at a behavior analysis clinic. She is creating a flyer for an exciting workshop event at her clinic, and wants to share it with all the families currently receiving behavior analysis services, so she mass emails (cc – carbon copy) the entire roster of active patients at her facilty.
What, if anything, is wrong with this situation?
CC (carbon copy) reveals the names of people who are receiving behavior analysis services without getting their consent first, which violates HIPPA, as revealing the name of someone receiving mental health services is protected healthcare information.
Tim, a BCBA, always writes his procedures in clear and concise terms so that his staff (and families, too!) can easily understand what is meant by his procedures. He provides complete and full definitions, and avoids using overly specific jargon when the person(s) who will be reading or implementing his procedures are laypersons.
Of the 7 Dimensions of ABA (as originally described by Baer, D., Wolf, M., & Risley, R., 1968), which of the following does the above most closely describe?
Technological
Start with most intrusive prompt.
Most to least prompting
Reinforcing gradual changes in behavior.
Shaping
Teaching a task analysis by teaching the first step first.
Forward chaining
Start with least intrusive prompt.
Least to most prompting
Teaching the entire task analysis at once
Total task presentation
Reinforcement provided on the average of every 5 correct responses
VR-5
Reinforcement provided every 2 minutes in which behavior occurred.
FI-2
Reinforcement provided every 10 minutes that behavior occurs.
FI-10
MSWO
Multiple stimulus without replacement
FBA
functional behavior assessment
You provide reinforcement to your client for clapping, and ignore him when he hits.
Differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior
Reinforcing progressively lower response rates.
Differential reinforcement of lower rates of behavior
Reinforcing progressively increasing rates of behavior.
Differential reinforcement of higher rates of behavior
Which of the following examples below is an example of a VARIABLE RATIO schedule of reinforcement?
Grandma loves the slots in Vegas! On average, every 30th pull of the slot machine results in a small cash payout. Sometimes the payout occurs on the 15th pull… sometimes on the 45th… but, on average, payout occurs every 30 pulls on the slot machine. Grandma can’t wait to hit the jackpot someday!
Withholding reinforcement for a target response
Extinction
Sometimes, behavior analysts will break down a complex chain of behaviors into smaller discrete steps to facilitate teaching.
The learner will then be taught to complete the steps in their logical order, with the completion of the previous step serving as the reinforcer for that step and the discriminative stimulus (SD) for the next step. Finally, the last step in the chain (terminal step) serves as the reinforcer for the whole chain.
What is this called?
Task Analysis
An experienced RBT supervises other RBTs at work, due to a shortage of board certified assistant (BCaBA) and board-certified behavior analysts (BCBAs).
What, if any, ethical consideration exists here?
The RBT needs to be supervised directly by a certified behavior analyst (BCaBA, BCBA, BCBA-D). The type of supervision and quantity are directly specified by the board.
You’re about to start a session with a client. What do you need to do to be sure you’re ready to have a successful session (at the very minimum)?
You should know the responses and their response definitions that you will be measuring during your session. In addition, make sure you’re prepared to take data – clickers, notepaper and a pencil, whatever you need, make sure you have it!
What happens before/ immediately precedes behavior in data collection is known as the…
Antecedent
How long a tantrum behavior occurs, how long it takes a client to do homework; what type of data collection is this?
Duration
Time between two successive responses.
Inter-response time
Record a + if behavior occurred at any point during the interval.
Partial Interval Recording
When attempting to assess the function of a client’s behavior, what is often considered the “gold standard” for experimentally identifying function?
Conducting an analog or naturalistic functional analysis is usually considered the best way to identify function
Select the best definition for differential reinforcement, from the choices below:
Providing greater reinforcement for better approximations of a target behavior, and placing other behaviors on extinction or on a less desirable reinforcement schedule.
A little boy is playing with his toys in his room. Holding one of his stuffed animal dolls, he looks at it and says “Zebra!”
Which elementary verbal operant does this scenario most likely describe?
Tact
Teaching communication to replace problem behaviors.
Functional communication training
What occurs when reinforcement of a previously reinforced behavior is no longer provided, resulting in the decrease of frequency of the behavior in the future?
Extinction
Which type of extinction procedure has the individual simply giving no outward signs or response to a behavior, such as eye contact, verbal/ physical responses?
Planned ignoring
A child is taught to raise their hand as an alternative to yelling out in class. Which type of differential reinforcement does this example represent?
Differential reinforcement of alternative behaviors
Classical conditioning is also commonly referred to as…
Pavolovian Conditioning
For a child who is scratching his skin, extinction can be used by the child wearing a glove, preventing the contact of the sensory stimulation that comes from scratching the skin. Which type of extinction does this represent?
Sensory extinction
A neutral stimulus can become conditioned by pairing this stimulus with an unconditioned or previously conditioned stimulus. True or false?
True
The sign being illuminated at your favorite restaurnt says “open.” The open sign signals he availability of stopping, as it indicates that the behavior of going into the restaurant will be reinforced by the delivery of food. What type of stimulus is this an example of?
Sd
This follows a response and increases the probability of that response occurring again in the future.
Reinforcement
Adding something that will motivate a person to increase the likelihood that they will engage in the target behavior again. What type of reinforcement is this?
Positive
Food is an example of what type of reinforcer?
Unconditioned
Money is an example of what type of reinforcement?
Secondary
Extremely bright lights, freezing temperature, electric shock are all examples of which punisher?
Unconditioned
Satiation is a term that refers to what?
An abolishing operation (value decrease) of a reinforcer due to an organism being over-exposed to that stimulus
Which of the following is true about cumulative records?
Data never decreases in a cumulative record; an increasing slope indicates occurrence of the target behavior, while a flat slope indicates periods of no occurrences of the target behavior
Removing something that increases the future likelihood of behavior is called…
Negative reinforcement
Present 5 easy/ mastered tasks in quick succession immediately before presenting an acquisition target.
Behavior momentum
Is exaggerating covered by the RBT ethical code?
No
How much time needs to pass before entering a relationship with a client or supervisor?
2 years after the working relationship ends
What should you do if you are arrested for a minor marijuana charge?
Report to BACB within 30 days
When working with a client, whose preferences should take priority?
Client
If you become aware that a client’s legal rights are being violated, which of the following actions should you take?
All of the above
Sally is an RBT working with a client named Jim. Jim tends to scream and bite his arm forcefully when presented with his token board, and sometimes when Sally opens up her laptop. Sally almost never opens up her laptop unless she’s about to ask Jim to do some of his table work activities.
What do you think the most likely function of Jim’s behavior is?
Escape from demands presented by others (Socially Mediated Negative Reinforcement)
You are asked to collect data on aggression. Every time your learner agresses, you click the tally counter. What are you measuring?
Frequency
You are recording the time it takes from the presentation of the demand (Sd) to the first instance of behavior. What are you measuring?
Latency
For every third correct response, you deliver a preferred edible. What reinforcement schedule is this?
FR-3
Which of the following is the LEAST unethical decision?
A small child, who is the client of an RBT, offers the RBT a hand-made card, made from construction paper and way too much glitter, as a gift. The RBT readily accepts with a big smile on his face.
Response definitions, sometimes also referred to as operational definitions or behavior definitions, refer to a …
Objective, clear, concise, and complete description of a behavior of interest
