Practicals

Question 1

Example of a startle pattern as a defensive strategy

Answer 1

Eyed Hawkmoth

• camouflaged on tree trunks but when disturbed exposes hindwings
• two forward-facing mammalian/avian like eyes

Question 2

Example of crypsis

Answer 2

Merveille de Jour

- forewings resemble foliose lichens and green

Question 3

Example of Batesian mimicry

Answer 3

Bee hawkmoth

- antennae and scales on wing with no sting so looks like bee

Question 4

Example of deflection pattern

Answer 4

Gatekeeper butterfly

• black ‘eyespot’ with two white spots inside on top edges of wings
• attract peck response as butterflies can survive with damaged wings but a peck to the body could be lethal

Question 5

Example of aposematism

Answer 5

• Five-spot burnet moth
• this advertises its toxicity with bright red spots
• releases HCN when damaged and is Britains most toxic moth

Question 6

What are mullerian mimics

Answer 6

Species pairs that mimic each other and all are chemically defended
- bright colouration seems to accelerate learning

Question 7

Male-killer in Ladybirds

Answer 7

Inherited vertically and maternally
- bacterium in cytoplasm
1) Female benefits
- eat dead brothers-more likely to survive
- reduced number of cannibals so less likely to be eaten if hatch late
- Reduced inbreeding with brothers
- reduced competition with brothers
KIN SELECTION as host dies (if in males)
any different bacterias