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Mineralogy > Practical Test Minerals > Flashcards

Practical Test Minerals Flashcards

1
Q

Quartz

A 
Milky white (or clear or pink or prpl)
White streak
No cleavage
Conchoidal
7 
Diag: fracture
Found in granite
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2
Q

Oligoclase (plagioclase feldspar)

A 
Creamy beige
White streak
Vitreous 
2 good cleavage @ 90°
Irregular fracture
6-6.5
Diag: cleavages
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3
Q

Microcline K/alkali feldspar

A 
Light pink
White streak
Vitreous
2 good cleavages @ 90°
Irregular fracture
6-6.5
Diag: 2 cleavages
Where found: granite
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4
Q

Muscovite mica

A 
Transparent to silvery white
White streak
Vitreous/ submetallic
1 cleavage perfect @180°
Diag: cleavage and colour 
Where: metamorphic rock
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5
Q

Biotite Mica

A 
Transparent to brownish black
Greyish streak
Vitreous to sub metallic
1 perfect cleavage @180°
Irregular fracture
2.5
Diag: colour and cleavage
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6
Q

Hornblende (amphibole)

A 
Brownish greenish black
Pale grey white streak
Vitreous
2 good cleavages @ 124 & 56°
Irregular fracture
5-5.5
Diag: cleavage + color
Found? Intrusive igneous rocks like granite or diorite
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7
Q

Flourite

A 
Clear green, purple
White streak
Vitreous
4 perfect cleavages octahedral 
Irregular
4
Fluorecent under UV
Diag: cleavage
Found? Late crystallizing mineral in felsic igneous rocks, usually through hydrothermal activity. Vein deposit, limestones
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8
Q

Pyrite

A 
Yellow gold
Greenish black streak
Metallic
No cleavage
Irregular fracture
6-6.5
Diag: colour and streak
Found? Sedimentary rocks in O2 poor env. Like coal or black shale
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9
Q

Magnetite

A 
Black to reddish brown
Black streak
Dull-earthy-sub metallic
No cleavage
Irregular fracture
5.5-6.5
Magnetic
Diag: magnetism
Found? In igneous, meta, and sed rocks
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10
Q

Haematite

A 
Silvery grey
Reddish brown streak
Metallic
No cleavage
Irregular to sub conchoidal fracture
Diag: colour of streak and lustre
Found? Accessory minerals in igneous rocks
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11
Q

Olivine

A 
Bright glassy green
No streak
Vitreous
Conchoidal fracture 
No cleavage
6.5-7.5
Translucent
Diag: green translucent colour and fracture
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12
Q

Garnet

A 
Dark reddish brown
White streak
Vitreous 
No cleavage
Conchoidal to uneven fracture 
6.5-7.5
Diag: dark red colour + fracture
Found: metamorphic rocks, can also be found in granite or basalt
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13
Q

Calcite

A 
White
White streak
Vitreous to waxy
3 perfect cleavages @ 74°
Irregular fraction
3 
Effervesces w HCl 
Diag: effervesces + cleavages
Found: sedimentary rocks, like limestone, also in hydrothermal veins and hot spring deposit
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14
Q

Gypsum

A 
Waxy white
White streak
Waxy
3 poor rhombohedral cleavages
Irregular fracture
2
May be fibrous
Daig: waxy, scratched by finer
Found: in thick layers in shale
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15
Q

Orthoclase

A 
White, slightly pinkish
White streak
Vitreous 
2 cleavages @ 90° one good one perfect
Uneven fracture
6
Diag: cleavage + color
Found? Found in intrusive igneous rocks like granite
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16
Q

Arsenopyrite

A 
Silver white to grey
Dark gray streak
Metallic 
One cleavage plane
Uneven fracture
5.5-6
Diag: colour
Found? In ore veins that were formed at high temperature
17
Q

Chalcopyrite

A 
Brassy yellow to red
Green streak
Metallic
2 poor cleavage plane
Irregular uneven
3.5
Diag: lustre and colour
Found? Forms by magmatic segregation, stratified rocks of a magma chamber. Also is pegmatite dikes
18
Q

Halite

A 
White
White streak
Vitreous
3 perfect cleavages @ 90°
2.5
Conchoidal fracture 
Salty
Diag: salty + cleavages
Found? Sedimentary rocks found at enclosed lakes or restricted seas
19
Q

Tourmaline

A 
Black
White streak
Vitreous
Uneven fracture
7-7.5
Spars, 2 perfect cleavages 
Diag: cleavage
Found? Granite pegmaties and also metamorphic rocks
20
Q

Kyanite

A 
Light blue to white
White streak
Vitreous
Hackly fracture
2 cleavages, one perfect one imperfect @  79° 
5
Diag: colour and cleavage
Found? Found in Al rich metamorphic pegmatites + sedimentary rocks
21
Q

Andalusite

A 
Brown and black
White streak
Vitreous
2 cleavages @ 75°, one good one poor
Uneven to subconcoidal fracture
6.5-7.5
Diag: colour and cleavage
Found? Metamorphic minerals which are formed under low pressure and low to high temp. Like schist or gneiss
22
Q

Stauralite

A 
Brownish black
Pale brown
Dull and earthy
No cleavage
Uneven fracture
7-7.5
Twinning
Diag: twinning
Found: when shake is altered by regional metamorphism
23
Q

Graphite

A

Grey

24
Q

Lepidolite

A 
Light purple
White streak
Vitreous
One perfect cleavage 
Uneven fracture
2.5-3
Diag: cleavage and colour
Found? High temperature quartz veins and granite
25
Q

Malachite

A 
Bright green
Green streak
Dull to earthy
Hackly fracture
5.5
Diag: colour and fracture
Found in: carbonate rocks
26
Q

Azurite

A 
Bright blue
Blue streak
Chalky
3 cleavage planes 1perfect, 1 fair, 1 poor
Conchoidal
3.5-4
Daig: colour
Found in: usually in a volcanic host rock
27
Q

Molybdenite

A 
Silver grey
Dark grey streak
Metallic
One perfect cleavage
Uneven fracture
1-2
Diag: cleavage and lustre
Found in high temperature, hydrothermal ore deposits
28
Q

Geothite

A 
Orange, brown and black
Brownies black streak
Dull and earthy
Uneven fracture to splintery
One perfect cleavage
5-5.5
Weakly magnetic
Diag: magnetic, streak
Found: forms by weathering of iron oxides, sulphides, etc
29
Q

Chlorite

A 
Greenish grey
Light green streak
Pearly to dull
One perfect cleavage
Splintery fracture
2-2.5
Diag: fracture and streak
Found: low grade metamorphic rocks and altered igneous rocks

Mineralogy (1 decks)

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