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Equine Science 1 > Practical Parasitology > Flashcards

Practical Parasitology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a parasite?

A

Organisms that live on or in other organisms (called hosts) at the expense of the host

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2
Q

What are five non-chemical parasite management methods?

A
  1. rotate pastures
  2. cross-graze pastures with ruminants
  3. remove manure frequently
  4. harrow/drag pastures in hot, dry weather and keep horses out for two months
  5. avoid overstocking pastures
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3
Q

What are the two types of parasites?

A

Internal parasites

External parasites

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4
Q

What are endoparasites?

A

Internal parasites

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5
Q

What are ectoparasites?

A

External parasites

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6
Q

What are some internal parasites?

A
  1. Nematodes (roundworms, ascarids)
  2. Strongyles
  3. Cestodes (tape worms)
  4. Trematodes (flukes)
  5. Protozoa
  6. Bots
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7
Q

What are some external parasites?

A
  1. Lice (sucking and biting)
  2. Mites
  3. Ticks
  4. Flies
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8
Q

What are nematodes?

A

Roundworms

Ascarids

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9
Q

What are cestodes?

A

Tapeworms

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10
Q

What are trematodes?

A

Flukes

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11
Q

What are some common horse nematodes?

A
  1. Large strongyles
  2. Small strongyles
  3. Large roundworms
  4. Threadworms
  5. Pinworms
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12
Q

What color/size are adult roundworms?

A

Large and white

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13
Q

Roundworms can cause horses to….

A

look unthrifty, poor hair coat, some upper respiratory symptoms

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14
Q

Where do round worms live?

A

In the small intestine of young horses

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15
Q

Roundworm larvae ingested by horses hatch and undergo…

A

tracheal, liver and/or lung migration

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16
Q

Where do roundworms mature? How long does it take?

A

Small Intestine, 10-12 weeks

17
Q

How many eggs do adult roundworms produce per day?

A

200,000

18
Q

Where are adult roundworms passed on?

A

Manure

19
Q

Life cycle takes about ______

A

3 months

20
Q

Treatments for roundworm include ____ and _____

A

Fenbendazole

Pyrantel

21
Q

_____ are the most damaging

A

Large strongyles

22
Q

Damage from large strongyles may cause _____ - blood clot

A

an aneurysm

23
Q

Which parasite?

Larvae migrate through internal organs of the host; may live in arteries; damage may cause an aneurysm

A

Large strongyles

24
Q

____ are usually larger in number than large strongyles, can cause colic, diarrhea, rough hair coat

A

Small strongyles

25
Q

____ life cycle requires no other organism except the final host to complete its life cycle

A

Direct

26
Q

The direct life cycle includes most ____

A

equine nematodes

27
Q

____ life cycle: parasite spend part of their life in an intermediate host and then are transferred to the host

A

Indirect

28
Q

____ host such as mosquito or earthworm

A

Intermediate

29
Q

Which parasite?

  1. Need an intermediate host to complete their life cycle
  2. Host is a forage mite
  3. Horse swallows infective mite and parasite mature in intestine in 6-10 weeks
A

Tapeworms

30
Q

Tapeworms can cause ____ and disease

A

intestinal damage

31
Q

Tapeworms firmly attach to certain areas of digestive tract, specifically ____ and ____

A

Small intestine and ileocecal junctions

32
Q

Tapeworm attachment leads to ____, ____, ____, and ____.

A

inflammation, irritation, ulceration, and impairs normal function

33
Q

Treatment for tapeworms includes ____ products

  • ivermectin/moxidectin
  • labeled for treatment not prevention
  • if they have a high parasite load you could cause impaction
A

Praziquantel

34
Q

Which parasite?

  1. smallest of nematode parasites (4-5 mm)
  2. affect stomach and small intestine, can cause bleeding in gut
  3. unique because adults can live in a free-living state
A

Hairlike worms

35
Q

Why are hairlike worms unique?

A

The adults can live in a free-living state

36
Q

Which parasite?

  1. Adults live in lungs - mate, eggs are coughed up and swallowed and passed with feces
  2. Hard to diagnose
  3. Most common in donkeys
A

Lungworms

37
Q

Which parasite is most common in donkeys?

A

Lungworms

38
Q

What are four methods of parasite control?

A
  1. Clean pastures/rotate
  2. Yearly fecal exams
  3. Washing a mare’s udder before foals nurse/regular basis
  4. Deworm young horses every 2 months starting at 6-8 weeks of age until 1 year old.

Equine Science 1 (3 decks)

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