Practical ll Material (Echinodermata, Hemichordata, and

Question 1

Where is the mouth located in Echinodermata? What is it called?

Answer 1

The mouth is on the underside and it’s called Aristotle’s lantern

Question 2

Where is the anus located in Echinodermata? What is it called?

Answer 2

It is located in the center of the aboral body surface and it is called the aboral.

Question 3

What structures makes the unique water vascular system of Echinodermata?

Answer 3

It consists of a central ring canal and radial canals that extend along each arm.

Question 4

What are some similarities between all classes of Echinodermata?

Answer 4

All Echinodermata have a water vascular system and five-sided radial symmetry.

Question 5

What is the function of the retractor muscles in sea cucumbers?

Answer 5

Used to pull the tentacles into the pharynx when predators attempt to eat them.

Question 6

What is the function of the cloaca of the sea cucumber?

Answer 6

The cloaca contracts to pump water into the “respiratory tree” and then back out again.

Question 7

What is the function of tentacles in sea cucumbers?

Answer 7

The sea cucumber uses its tentacles to capture plankton and other tint particles, then sweeps the food into its mouth.

Question 8

What is the function of the respiratory tree of sea cucumbers?

Answer 8

The respiratory tree is a specialized organ for gas exchange and excretion in sea cucumbers.

Question 9

What is the function of ampullae in sea cucumbers?

Answer 9

The ampulla functions to stretch the tube feet and thereby help in the locomotion.

Question 10

What is the function of the Polian Vesicle in sea cucumbers?

Answer 10

Cell depletion and heterogeneous cells injection

Question 11

What is the function of the madreporite in starfish?

Answer 11

Is used to filter water into the water vascular system/acts like a pressure equalizing valve.

Question 12

What are some characteristics of chordates?

Answer 12

• presence of notochord
• dorsal hollow/tubular nerve cord
• pharyngeal gill slits
• ventral heart
• post-anal tail

Question 13

What is another name for Lancelot?

Answer 13

Cephalochordata

Question 14

What is an ammocoete?

Answer 14

The larva of primitive jawless vertebrates, such as lamprey, that lives buried in mud and feeds on microorganisms.

Question 15

What is the class Aves classified as?

Answer 15

Birds/Reptiles

Question 16

What are the functions of the 4 membranes that play a role in making the egg an independent life-support system?

Answer 16

• the yolk sac supplies food material to the embryo.
• the amnion, by enclosing the embryo, provides protection
• the allantois serves as a respiratory organ and as a reservoir for the excreta.