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Biology Lab > Practical Lab 3 > Flashcards

Practical Lab 3 Flashcards

Kingdom Animalia - Invertebrates

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1
Q

what are the 3 GERM LAYERS

A

ectoderm, endoderm, mesoderm

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2
Q

what is the purpose of the ECTODERM

A
  • covers surface of the embryo
  • provides an outer covering for animals
  • provides covering of the nervous system (IN SOME PHYLA)
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3
Q

what is the purpose of the ENDODERM

A
  • innermost germ layer; lines the gut and digestive tract
  • lines the liver and lung cavity
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4
Q

what is the purpose of the MESODERM

A
  • located between the ENDO- & ECTO- derm; forms the muscles and other organs
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5
Q

describe the ACOELOMATE body plan

A
  • as seen in flat worms [Phylum PLATYHELMINTHES]
  • it lacks a cavity between the digestive tract and the outer body wall
  • the space is filled with MESODERMAL CELLS called PARENCHYMA
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6
Q

describe the PSEUODOELOMATE body plan

A
  • as seen in roundworms [phylum NEMATODA]
  • it has a cavity between the digestive tract and outer body wall, filled with liquid called the PSEUDOCOELOM where interal organs are found free
  • it is not totally lined with mesodermal cells (but there is a layer under the outer body wall)
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7
Q

what is the PSEUDOCOELOM

A

it is the liquid filled cavity located between the digestive tract and outer body wall in animals with the PSEUDOELOMATE body plan

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8
Q

explain what the “tube-within-a-tube” body plan is

A

[refering to pseudoelomate animals] it is when internal organs are found free [within the pseudocoelom]

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9
Q

describe the COELOMATE body plan

A
  • as seen in PHYLUM ANNELIDA, ANTHROPODA, CHORDATA, CNIDARIA;
  • the body cavity [COELOM] is totally lined by MESODERM
  • the outer body wall and area around interal organs have a layer of mesoderm; these layers connect [dorsally and ventrally] to form MESENTERIES that support the internal organs in the coelom
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10
Q

what is a COELOM

A

it is the body cavity of coelomates

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11
Q

what is the purpose of the two layers of mesoderm in coelomates

A

to support/suspend the internal organs in the coelem

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12
Q

what is the purpose of the body cavity

A
  • its fluids protect organs from injury by providing cushioning
  • to allow movement of organs independent of the outer body wall
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13
Q

PHYLUM NEMATODA is also referred to as?

A

roundworms

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14
Q

describe members of PHYLUM NEMATODA

A

they have long, cylinder-like bodies, with some members found free-living in soil and others existing as parasites

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15
Q

describe two morphological advances of PHYLUM NEMATODA – roundworms (over PHYLUM PLATYHELMINTHES – flatworms)

A
  • they have a pseudocoelom (the fluid filled cavity between the digestive tract and outer body wall)
  • they have a complete digestive tract (with mouth and anus)
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16
Q

describe the ASCARIS LUMBRICOIDES – PHYLUM NEMATODA

A

it is a large, parasitic nematode

17
Q

describe the male ASCARIS LUMBRICOIDES – PHYLUM NEMATODA

A
  • it is thinner and smaller compared to the female
  • AT THE POSTERIOR [4] , it has an anus (for excretion and reporuction), and hooked tail (copulatory spicule; to hold the female’s genital open), cloaca (for collecting feces from the intestine and spermatazoa), seminal vesicle (connects the cloaca and intestine)
  • AT THE ANTERIOR END, it has a mouth with three tissue lobes/lips
  • has seminal vesicle with thick tubes (the sperm ducts/vas deferens) and thin tubes (the testes (where sperm is produced))
18
Q

what is unique about nematode sperm?

A

the sperm is amoeboid, not flagelleted

19
Q

describe the female ASCARIS LUMBRICOIDES – PHYLUM NEMATODA

A
  • it is larger and longer than male
  • AT THE POSTERIOR , it has an anus (for excretion, and straight tail
  • AT THE ANTERIOR END, it has a mouth with three tissue lobes/lips; genital pore (opening connected to a short vagina)
  • has a vagina which divides the uterus (where fertilizartion occurs) into two.
  • the uteri have A THIN OVIDUCT, THREAD-LIKE OVARIES (where eggs are produced by meiosis)
20
Q

what does DIOECIOUS mean?

A

an invertebrate having two separate sexes

21
Q

describe feeding in nematoda

A

feeding is influenced by the habitat so it may exhibit carnivorous, herbivorous, or parasitic feeding

22
Q

describe digestion in PHYLUM NEMATODA

A
  • the mouth opens into the muscular pharnyx which pumps food into the thin, flattened, ‘ribbon-like’ intestine which extends to the anus.
  • digestive enzymes are produced in the intestine, which is lined by epithelial cells
    -digestion begins extracellularly in the intestinal lumen and ends intracellularly
23
Q

do PHYLUM NEMATODA MEMBERS have a respiratory and circulatory system?

A

No! but the obtain oxygen from their environment (which is either in moist, interstitial spaces, or by diffusion in the free-living nematodes)

24
Q

describe reproduction in female nematoda (female ASCARIS)

A

-A GENITAL PORE is connected to the SHORT VAGINA.
-The vagina divides into TWO UTERI with each segment having a THIN OVIDUCT and THREAD LIKE OVARIES
-Eggs are produced by MEIOSIS in the ovaris
- Fertilization occurs in the uterus

25
Q

describe reproduction in male nematoda (male ASCARIS)

A
  • The COPULATORY SPICULE is seen at the edge of the ANUS, which the CLOACA is connected to on the outside.
    -the cloaca collects feaces and sperm from the SEMINAL VESICLE which has two tubes (THE SPERM DUCT/VAS DEFERNS; serves as transport tube for mature sperm and the TESTES; where sperm is produced).
    -during COPULATION sperm enters the cloaca before being deposited into the female
    -Nematode sperm are aboeboid not flagellated
26
Q

describe phylum ANNELIDA (earthworms and clamworms)

A

-they are worms with distincitive segments or rings called METAMERISM.
-also called SEGMENTED WORMS
-has internal rings which show division of the body by repeated SEPTA (WALLS)
-it has 4 FOUR classes: O.P.A.H. (oligochaeta, Polychaeta, Archiannelida, Hirudinea)

27
Q

what does ANNULLUS mean

A

little ring (in Latin)

28
Q

what evolutionary advances do ANNELIDS have over NEMATODES

A
  • they have a true coelom
    -they have a PERITONEUM (layer of mesodermal epithelium in the coelom)
    -they have a CNS
    -they have a CLOSED circuatory system
    -they have SETAE small brsitle-like appendages
29
Q

what is the SETAE

A

small bristle-like appendages in ANNELIDS (earthworms)

30
Q

what is the PERITONEUM

A

it is the layer of mesodermal epithelium in the coelom in ANNELIDS

Biology Lab (2 decks)

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