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Gross Anatomy I Practical 2 > Practical/Final > Flashcards

Practical/Final Flashcards

1
Q

List the steps of flow through the heart?

A 
Cranial/Caudal vena cavA/great cardiac vein 
Right Atrium 
Right Ventricle 
Pulmonary semilunar value 
Pulmonary trunk 
Lungs 
Pulmonary vein 
Left Atrium 
Left AV value 
Left ventricle 
Semilunar value 
Aorta 
Body
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2
Q

What branches off the brachiocephalic trunk?

A

Left and right common carotid arteries

Right subclavian artery ——Axillary artery

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3
Q

What branches off the right subclavian?

A

Superficial cervical artery
Internal thoracic artery
Costocervical trunk
Vertebral artery

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4
Q

What branches off the left subclavian artery?

A

Costocervical trunk
Vertebral artery
Superficial cervical artery
Internal thoracic artery

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5
Q

Where does the right coronary groove supply in the heart?

A

Subsinousal inter ventricular groove

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6
Q

Where does the left coronary artery supply in the heart?

A

Subsinousal via circumflex artery

Paraconal interventricular groove

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7
Q

What is the first branch of arteries off the aorta ?

A

Right and left coronary arteries

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8
Q

What is the phrenicopericardiac ligament?

A

Continuation of fibrous pericardium running between diaphragm and pericardial sac

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9
Q

What does the plica vena cave contain?

A

Right phrenic nerve

Caudal vena cava

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10
Q

What structures are located in the mediastinum ?

A 
Thymus
Trachea 
Principal bronchi 
Lobar bronchi 
Tracheobrochial lymph nodes
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11
Q

What supplies the first three intercostal spaces?

A

Costocervical trunk

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12
Q

What does the carotid sheath contain?

A

Vagosympathic trunk
Common carotid artery
Internal jugular vein

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13
Q

Where does the right azygous vein dump into?

A

Right atrium

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14
Q

What two ribs can the canine heart be found?

A

3rd and 6th

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15
Q

What is the location of the equine heart? (Intercostal spaces)

A

2nd-6th

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16
Q

What is the location of the bovine heart (intercostal spaces)

A

2nd-5th

P3A4M4

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17
Q

What is the costodiaphragmatic recess?

A

Space between peripheral diaphragm and costal arch

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18
Q

What is the coronary sinus?

A

Where the great cardiac vein dumps nutritional supply of blood into right atrium from the coronary arteries

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19
Q

What is the fetal equivalent to the fossa ovalis of the heart?

A

Foramen ovale

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20
Q

What is the ligamentum arteriosoum?

A

Fibrous connection between the pulmonary trunk and the aorta

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21
Q

What is PAM for canine? Where is the Right AV value located?

A

P3A4M5

Right AV value 4th

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22
Q

What are the lung lobes of a canine?

A

Right: caudal, cranial, accessory, middle
Left: cranial (crainal and caudal) and caudal

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23
Q

What are the lung lobes of an equine?

A

Right: cranial, caudal, accessory
Left: cranial and caudal

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24
Q

What are the lung lobes of a bovine?

A

Right: cranial and caudal parts of cranial lobe, middle, caudal, accessory lobe
Left: cranial and caudal parts of cranial lobe, caudal lobe

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25
Q

What passes through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm?

A

Esophagus, vagus nerve

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26
Q

What passes through the aortic hiatus of the diaphragm?

A

Aorta, asygos vein and thoracic duct

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27
Q

What passes through the caval foramen of the diaphragm?

A

Caudal vena cava

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28
Q

What are diaphramagtic cura?

A

Tendons (right and left) that attach diaphragm to lumbar vertebrae

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29
Q

What attaches the duodenum to the colon?

A

Duodenocolic fold

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30
Q

What is the omental bursa?

A

Space between the superficial and deep left of omentum

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31
Q

What is the falciform ligament?

A

Extends from the liver to the diaphragm and ventral abdominal wall to the umbilicus

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32
Q

What are the three main regions of the stomach?

A

Fundic
Cardiac
Phyloric

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33
Q

What is the cardiac spilinter ?

A

Area of the stomach where the esophagus and stomach meet

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34
Q

Do canines have a non-glandular and glandular stomach?

A

Yes
Cardiac is non glandular
Fundic is glandular

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35
Q

What part of the pancreas is enveloped in the omentum?

A

Right lobe

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36
Q

What is the major duodenal papilla?

A

Combined opening of the pancreatic and common bile duct in the duodenum

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37
Q

What is the minor duodenal papilla?

A

Opening of the accessory pancreatic duct in the duodenum

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38
Q

Where is the cranial duodenal flexure located?

A

Between pylorus and start of duodenum

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39
Q

Where is the caudal duodenal flexure located?

A

Between descending and ascending duodenum

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40
Q

Where does the ilium join the ascending colon?

A

Ileiocolic orifice

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41
Q

What is the cecocolic orifice?

A

Opening between the cecum and the colon

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42
Q

What is the right colic flexure?

A

Bend between ascending color and transverse colon

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43
Q

Where is the left colic flexure?

A

Bend between the transverse and descending colon

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44
Q

Where is the gallbladder located?

A

Between the right medial lobe of the liver and quadrate lobe

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45
Q

Name the six lobes of the liver

A

Left lateral, left medial, quadrate, right medial, right lateral, caudate, papillary process of the caudate

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46
Q

What drains the gallbladder?

A

Cystic duct

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47
Q

What drains the lobes of the liver?

A

Hepatic duct

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48
Q

What is the common bile duct?

A

Union of the cystic and hepatic ducts. Dumps into small intestine

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49
Q

Name the branches of the celiac artery?

A

Left gastric
Splenic
Hepatic

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50
Q

Name the branches of the splenic artery ?

A

Left gastricepipolic

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51
Q

Name the branches off the hepatic artery?

A

Gastricdudenal —-cranial pancreaticduodenal artery and right gastoepepollic

Right gastric

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52
Q

Name the branches off the cranial mesenteric artery

A

Ileiocolic artery
Caudal pancreaticoduedenal artery
Illeal artery
Jejunal artery

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53
Q

Name the branches off the ilecolic artery

A

Middle colic
Right colic
Colic branch
Cecal artery

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54
Q

Name of the branch of the cecal artery?

A

Antimesenteric (canine)

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55
Q

What does the right colic artery supply?

A

Ascending and transverse colon

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56
Q

What does the middle colic artery supply?

A

Descending colon and transverse colon

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57
Q

What arterial branches supply the lesser curvature of the stomach?

A

Left and right gastric arteries

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58
Q

What arterial branches supply the greater curvature of the stomach?

A

Left and right gastroepipolic arteries

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59
Q

What are the branches of the caudal mesenteric artery?

A

Left colic and cranial rectal artery

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60
Q

What artery makes up the crainaldorsal quadrant ?

A

Phrenicoabdominal artery

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61
Q

What arterial branch makes up the caudodorsal quadrant?

A

Deep circumflex illec artery

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62
Q

What arterial branches make up the cranialventral quadrant?

A

Cranial Superficial epigastric artery and vein

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63
Q

What arterial branches make up the caudoventral quadrant?

A

Caudal superficial epigastric artery and vein

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64
Q

What two parts make up the kidney?

A

Cortex and medulla

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65
Q

Is the kidney retroperitinal?

A

Yes

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66
Q

What enters and leaves the hilus of the kidney?

A

Renal artery and vein

Ureter

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67
Q

List three important lymph nodes

A

Jejunal lymph nodes
Caudal mesenteric lymph nodes
Medial iliac lymph nodes

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68
Q

Is the right lobe of equid and ruminants lung hard to differentiate between medial and lateral lobes?

A

Yes

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69
Q

What organ is lacking in the horse that the bovine and canine have?

A

Gallbladder

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70
Q

With no gallbladder in the horse, what duct is lacking?

A

Cystic duct

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71
Q

What side does the spleen lie on?

A

Left

72
Q

Name lumbar nerves in the canine L1-L4

A

Cranial and caudal lilohypogastric
Iloioinguinal
Lateral cutaneous nerve + genitofemoral nerve

73
Q

What is phrencosplenic ligament?

A

Connecting the diaphragm to the speed in the horse

74
Q

What is the blood supply to the osasum?

A

Left gastric artery

75
Q

What is the blood supply to the reticulum?

A

Reticular artery and accessory reticular artery

76
Q

Is the right lobe of equid and ruminants lung hard to differentiate between medial and lateral lobes?

A

Yes

77
Q

What organ is lacking in the horse that the bovine and canine have?

A

Gallbladder

78
Q

What is the nutritional supply to the heart?

A

Great cardiac vein

Right and left coronary arteries

79
Q

What is the functional supply to the lungs?

A

Pulmonary artery and veins

80
Q

What is the nutrional supply to the lungs?

A

Brachoesophgeal artery

Right azyogos vein

81
Q

The deep leaf of the greater omentum attaches to the what of the rumen?

A

Right longitudinal groove

82
Q

What tendon is common to rupture in prego mares?

A

Prepubic tendon

83
Q

What are the two muscles that surround the external jugular?

A

Sterochepalicus and strenothryoridous/hyodius

84
Q

What is the dorsal border of the cervical visceral space?

A

Longus capits and longus colli

85
Q

What is the ventral border of the cervical visceral space?

A

Sterochephalis and sternothyrodo/hydoius

86
Q

The lesser omentum attaches at the what of bovine?

A

Lesser curvature of the abomasum and the base of the omasum

87
Q

What makes up the inguinal canal in the males?

A 
Vaginal tunic 
External pudenal 
Genitoformal 
Cremaster m 
Spermatic cord
88
Q

The deep leaf of the greater omentum is covering what on the canine?

A

Pancreas on the right side

89
Q

How many bands does the cecum have?

A

Four

90
Q

How many bands does the pelvic flexure have?

A

One

91
Q

What makes up the inguinal canal in the female?

A

Vaginal process
Genitoformal
External pudenal

92
Q

Hardware disease is associated with the what?

A

Metal coming through the reticulum in the bovine

93
Q

The superficial leaf of the greater omentum attaches to the what of the rumen?

A

Left longitudinal groove

94
Q

What are the two most common impaction sites in the equine?

A

Pelvic flexure

Transverse colon

95
Q

Describe the equine digestive pathway?

A

Ileum—cecum—-RVC—-ventral diagrammatic flexure—-LVC—pelvic flexure—-LDC—dorsal diaphragmatic flexure—-RDC—–transverse colon—-descending colon—-rectum

96
Q

What is referred to as the small colon?

A

Transverse and descending colon.

97
Q

What is the blood supply to the transverse colon?

A

R colic and middle colic

98
Q

The mesenteric ganglion has what innervation?

A

SNS

99
Q

The cranial blind sac can also be called the what?

A

Atrium ruminis

100
Q

Where can intestinal entrapment occur in the horse?

A

Gastrosplenic ligament but most commonly thenepphrospelenic ligament on the left side

101
Q

What is the line called between the non glandular and granular stomach of the horse?

A

Margo plicatus

102
Q

What appearance of does the reticulum have?

A

Honeycomb

103
Q

What side of the bovine is the omasum found?

A

Right

104
Q

What is the true stomach of the bovine?

A

Abosmasum

105
Q

What way does the external abdominal oblique run?

A

Caudoventral

106
Q

What way does the internal abdominal oblique run?

A

Cranial ventral

107
Q

What region is the fundus (absomasum) located in?

A

Xiphiod region and protrudes into the left hypocontractic region

108
Q

Where is the pyloric part of the absomum located in?

A

Right hypocontiac region

109
Q

Are the pylorus and cardiac really close together in the horse?

A

Yes

110
Q

What is the longest and mobile part of the small intestine in the dog?

A

Jejeumum

111
Q

What is the largest gland of the body?

A

Liver

112
Q

Where are the jejunal lymph nodes located in the ruminant?

A

Ascending colon and the jejumum

113
Q

What ileococecal orifice?

A

Found in the horse, between the lilum and the cecum

114
Q

The ilium opens into the cecum in the horse instead of the colon?

A

Yes

115
Q

What side is the cecum on in the equine?

A

Right

116
Q

What is referred to as the large colon in the horse?

A

Ascending colon

117
Q

How many bands does the left dorsal colon have?

A

One

118
Q

How many bands does the right dorsal colon have?

A

Three

119
Q

What is within the spiral colon of the ruminant?

A

Centripetal coils
Central flexure
Centrifugal coils

120
Q

What are the three parts of the ruminant colon?

A

Proximal loop
Spiral colon
Distal loop

121
Q

What is the sigmoid flexure?

A

Cranial duodenal flexure equalvent in the bovine

122
Q

In the bovine there is a ileocecocolic orifice?

A

Yes

123
Q

How do you determine the junction between the jejunum and ileum in the ruminant?

A

Ileocecal fold since there is not antimesenteric artery

124
Q

What does the right colic artery supply in the equine?

A

Left and right dorsal colon

125
Q

What does the colic branch of the ileiocolic artery supply in the equine?

A

Left and right ventral colon

126
Q

What does the colic branch of the ileiocolic supply in the bovine?

A

Proximal loop and centripetal loop

127
Q

What does the right colic artery supply in the bovine?

A

Centrifugal spiral distal loop

128
Q

What does the portal vein do?

A

Carry blood from the liver from abdominal viscera

129
Q

What are the branches of the portal vein?

A

Gastroduodeal vein and splenic vein

130
Q

What are the terminal branches of the portal vein?

A

Cranial and caudal mesenteric veins

131
Q

What is the superficial inguinal ring?

A

Slit in the aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique

132
Q

What is the deep inguinal ring? What are its boundaries ?

A

Cranial boundary: internal abdominal oblique
Caudal boundary: caudal border of the external abdominal oblique (inguinal ligament)
Lateral boundary: rectus abdominis

133
Q

What is the broad ligament of the uterus?

A

Peritoneum on each side that attaches the reproductive tract to the lateral lumbar regions

134
Q

What is the suspensory ligament of the ovary?

A

Holds the ovary to the body wall

135
Q

What is the proper ligament of the ovary?

A

Attaches the ovary to the uterine horn

136
Q

Where does the SNS axons originate from?

A

Throacolumbar portion of spinal cord

137
Q

Where does the PSNS axons originate from?

A

Cranialsacral portion of the spinal cord

138
Q

What are phrenic nerves?

A

Somatic nervous to diaphragm

139
Q

What is Cranial nerve X?

A

Vagus nerve

140
Q

Where are posstganglionic PSNS fibers found?

A

Within the walls of the viscera

141
Q

What does the ventral vagal truck supply?

A

Liver, stomach and pylorus

142
Q

What does the dorsal vagal truck give off?

A

Gives off celiac branch

143
Q

Name what both recurrent laryngeal nerves wrap around?

A

Left wraps around aortic arch

Right wraps around right subclavian

144
Q

What is the ramus communicans?

A

Where preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic nervous system leave the spinal cord and enter the sympathetic truck

145
Q

What are splanchnic nerves?

A

Contain sympathetic neurons that run between the sympathetic truck and the abdominal ganglia as well as viseral afferent coursing the spinal cord

146
Q

What are the three types of splanchnic nerve?

A

Major, minor and lumbar

147
Q

What does the ansa subclavia loop around?

A

Left subclavian artery

148
Q

What subregions are included in the cranial abdominal region?

A

Xyhoid region and hypochondriac regions

149
Q

What subregions are included in the middle abdominal region?

A

Lateral regions and umbilical region

150
Q

What subregions are included in the caudal abdominal region?

A

Pubic region and right and left inguinal regions

151
Q

What are the borders of the paralumbar fossa?

A

Base: tips of lumbar transverse processes
Crainoventral: last ribs
Caudoventral: ridge formed by internal oblique that extends from tuber coxae

152
Q

What is the blood supply to the paralumbar fossa? (Hint: think what abdominal quadrant it is located in)

A

Deep circumflex iliac artery

153
Q

What are the forestomachs of the ruminant?

A

Omasum, rumen and reticulum

154
Q

What is the blood supply to the right accessory groove and caudal groove in the rumen?

A

Right ruminal artery

155
Q

What is the blood supply to the coronary grooves of the rumen?

A

Dorsal and ventral coronary grooves

Parent branch: right ruminal artery

156
Q

What does the left ruminal artery supply?

A

Cranial groove and left accessory groove

157
Q

What is the function of the reticulum?

A

Mechanical digestion, filtration, movement and absorption of VFA, electrolytes and water

158
Q

What is the osasum covered by? (Think which part of omentum)

A

Lesser omentum

159
Q

What is the left and right longitudinal groove covered by? (Think omentum)

A

Left is covered by superficial leaf of greater omentum

Right is covered by deep leaf of greater omentum

160
Q

What is the innervation of the omasum, rumen and reticulum?

A

Dorsal vagal truck

161
Q

What is the innervation of the abomasum?

A

Ventral vagal truck

162
Q

What abdominal area is the absomsum and omasum located in?

A

Cranial

Hypochondriac and xyhoid regions

163
Q

What is the torus pyloricus of the abomusum?

A

Augments the pyloric sphincter

164
Q

What is the function of the abomasum?

A

Chemical digestion via release of enzymes and chemicals from gastric glands

165
Q

What is the bloop supply to the ascending colon in the ruminant?

A

Proximal loop: colic branch of the ileiocolic
Centripetal: colic branch of the ileiocolic
Distal loop: right colic artery
Centrifugal loop: right colic artery

166
Q

What is the blood supply to the transverse colon in the ruminant?

A

Middle colic artery

167
Q

What is the blood supply to the descending colon in the ruminant?

A

Left colic artery

168
Q

What prevents vomiting in a horse?

A

A very pronounced cardiac sphincter

169
Q

What kind of fermenters are horses? (Think stomach or gut)

A

They are gut, bovines are stomach fermenters

170
Q

What is the margo pilcatus?

A

Prominent line in a horses stomach that separate the glandular and non-glandular stomachs

171
Q

What are the two most common displacements sites of colon in the horse?

A

Apex of the cecum

Pelvic flexure

172
Q

What is the blood supply to the cecum in the horse?

A

Branches of the iolecolic

173
Q

What is the nephrosplenic ligament?

A

Extends from left kidney and spleen

174
Q

What is the blood supply of the ascending colon in the horse?

A

Ventral colon: colic branch of the iolecolic

Dorsal colon: right colic artery

175
Q

Where is the transverse colon located in regards to the root of the mesentery?

A

Cranial

Gross Anatomy I Practical 2 (1 decks)

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