practical dental Flashcards
dental anatomy
amelogenesis imperfecta
HEREDITARY ENAMEL DYSPLASIAS !! = AMELOGENESIS IMPERFECTA (A. I.)
Ectodermal anomaly – dysfunction of the adamantine organ (of the ameloblasts)
It doesn’t involve the dentin (mesodermal origin)
Genetically inherited: AD (most frequent), AR, X-linked
Involves the enamel of all the teeth
HYPOPLASTIC A.I. – two forms:
ENAMEL APLASIA :
The teeth which remain included are often resorbed
If the teeth erupt :
No enamel deposits (Rx)
Covered with dentin
Yellow-brown colour
Rough surface
ENAMEL HYPOPLASIA :
Reduced production of protein matrix
Normal degree of mineralization
dentinogenesis imperfecta
NTINOGENESIS IMPERFECTA = Dentinogenesis imperfecta (DI) is a genetic disorder (AD) of tooth development. This condition is a type of dentin dysplasia that causes teeth to be discolored (most often a blue-gray or yellow-brown color) and translucent giving teeth an opalescent sheen.[1] Teeth are also weaker than normal, making them prone to rapid wear, breakage, and loss.
Internal resorbtion
NTERNAL RESORBTION:
Rare
Causes:
Pulp traumas
Pulpitis secondary to caries
Pulpotomy
Starts in the pulp and evolves towards the surface of the cementum or the crown => until it produces a communication between the pulp and the periodontal space or the external surface of the crown
external resorbtion
RESORBTION= Loss of dental tough subtance on the surfaces which are not exposed to the outside.
In contact with the pulp region (crown, roots)
In contact with the periodontal ligament (roots)
EXTERNAL RESORBTION:
Much more frequent
Starts at the surface of the tooth, in contact with the periodontal ligament
enamel carious lesion
- Enamel caries: white plaque, cavitary lesion
Enamel 95% of hydroapatite – very hard tissue. Due to the action of proteolytic enzymes and cariogenic acids > succession of demineralization and remineralization phases. The enamel caries start below the bacterial plaque. Plaque… strep lactob…
Cavitary lesion due to a slow dissolution of the enamel, along the prisms and the interprismatic areas.
'’white spot’’
demineralization
Enamel caries: white plaque, cavitary lesion
Enamel 95% of hydroapatite – very hard tissue. Due to the action of proteolytic enzymes and cariogenic acids > succession of demineralization and remineralization phases. The enamel caries start below the bacterial plaque. Plaque… strep lactob…
Cavitary lesion due to a slow dissolution of the enamel, along the prisms and the interprismatic areas.
enamel caries
Enamel caries: white plaque, cavitary lesion
Enamel 95% of hydroapatite – very hard tissue. Due to the action of proteolytic enzymes and cariogenic acids > succession of demineralization and remineralization phases. The enamel caries start below the bacterial plaque. Plaque… strep lactob…
Cavitary lesion due to a slow dissolution of the enamel, along the prisms and the interprismatic areas.
tubule invasion by bacteria
dentinal caries
DENTIN CARIES:
Secondary to enamel caries (coronal caries) or cementum caries (cervical caries)
Evolves more rapidly
Large amount of organic substances in the dentin -30%
Dentin is injured
Initially by the bacterial cariogenic acids
Different bacterial species than the ones for enamel:
Role of anaerobes (lactobacilli) is more important
Later, bacteria penetrate the dentinal tubules
As a result, the organic component is demineralized and then liquefied
Dentin caries are cone shaped, with the tip pointing towards the pulp chamber
LAYERS:
NECROTIC (surface)
INFECTED / AFFECTED
SCLEROTIC (DEEP)
infected layer
bulbs and caves
DENTIN CARIES:
Secondary to enamel caries (coronal caries) or cementum caries (cervical caries)
Evolves more rapidly
Large amount of organic substances in the dentin -30%
Dentin is injured
Initially by the bacterial cariogenic acids
Different bacterial species than the ones for enamel:
Role of anaerobes (lactobacilli) is more important
Later, bacteria penetrate the dentinal tubules
As a result, the organic component is demineralized and then liquefied
Dentin caries are cone shaped, with the tip pointing towards the pulp chamber
LAYERS:
NECROTIC (surface)
INFECTED / AFFECTED
SCLEROTIC (DEEP)
dentinal caries
transverse view
DENTIN CARIES:
Secondary to enamel caries (coronal caries) or cementum caries (cervical caries)
Evolves more rapidly
Large amount of organic substances in the dentin -30%
Dentin is injured
Initially by the bacterial cariogenic acids
Different bacterial species than the ones for enamel:
Role of anaerobes (lactobacilli) is more important
Later, bacteria penetrate the dentinal tubules
As a result, the organic component is demineralized and then liquefied
Dentin caries are cone shaped, with the tip pointing towards the pulp chamber
LAYERS:
NECROTIC (surface)
INFECTED / AFFECTED
SCLEROTIC (DEEP)
reactive tetriary dentine
rtiary dentin is dentin formed as a reaction to external stimulation such as cavities
ENTIN CARIES:
Secondary to enamel caries (coronal caries) or cementum caries (cervical caries)
Evolves more rapidly
Large amount of organic substances in the dentin -30%
Dentin is injured
Initially by the bacterial cariogenic acids
Different bacterial species than the ones for enamel:
Role of anaerobes (lactobacilli) is more important
Later, bacteria penetrate the dentinal tubules
As a result, the organic component is demineralized and then liquefied
Dentin caries are cone shaped, with the tip pointing towards the pulp chamber
LAYERS:
NECROTIC (surface)
INFECTED / AFFECTED
SCLEROTIC (DEEP)
tertiary dentin in response to stimuli
twisting tubes
ENTIN CARIES:
Secondary to enamel caries (coronal caries) or cementum caries (cervical caries)
Evolves more rapidly
Large amount of organic substances in the dentin -30%
Dentin is injured
Initially by the bacterial cariogenic acids
Different bacterial species than the ones for enamel:
Role of anaerobes (lactobacilli) is more important
Later, bacteria penetrate the dentinal tubules
As a result, the organic component is demineralized and then liquefied
Dentin caries are cone shaped, with the tip pointing towards the pulp chamber
LAYERS:
NECROTIC (surface)
INFECTED / AFFECTED
SCLEROTIC (DEEP)
reversiple pulpitis or pulp hyperemia
REVERSIBLE PULPITIS (PULP HYPEREMIA): Reversible pulpitis is generally characterized by sharp sensitivity to cold, sometimes to sweets and sometimes to biting.
The initial stage of pulp inflammation
Closed
Partial – the tissue zone is expanded only a little
Aseptic
Acute
Causes:
Deep, but closed caries
Large, incorrect metallic obturations
Evolution :
Healing after the disappearance of irritant factors
Towards a total acute pulpitis if the agression persists
dentinal caries
closed acute pulpitis and abcess
ACUTE IRREVERSIBLE PULPITIS: Irreversible pulpitis is generally characterized by prolonged sensitivity to cold and/or heat, and sometimes to sweets. Swelling may be present.
Etiopathogenesis:
Exacerbation of a reversible pulpitis by opening the pulp chamber
Periapical abscess
PERIAPICAL ABSCESS (ACUTE PERIAPICAL PERIODONTITIS) = collection of pus usually caused by an infection that has spread from a tooth to the surrounding tissues.
Well delimited purulent inflammation located at the apex of a tooth
EVOLUTION :
DRAINAGE OF PUS TOWARDS THE GINGIVA:
FISTULIZATION → the symptoms disappear
opened dentine pulpitis and pulpal abcess
CUTE IRREVERSIBLE PULPITIS: Irreversible pulpitis is generally characterized by prolonged sensitivity to cold and/or heat, and sometimes to sweets. Swelling may be present.
Etiopathogenesis:
Exacerbation of a reversible pulpitis by opening the pulp chamber
Activation of a chronic pulpitis
Periapical abscess
PERIAPICAL ABSCESS (ACUTE PERIAPICAL PERIODONTITIS) = collection of pus usually caused by an infection that has spread from a tooth to the surrounding tissues.
Well delimited purulent inflammation located at the apex of a tooth
EVOLUTION :
DRAINAGE OF PUS TOWARDS THE GINGIVA:
FISTULIZATION → the symptoms disappear
CHRONIC PULPITIS:
Can appear directly, spontaneously
After an acute pulpitis, when the pus is drained through the carious orifice
CHRONIC HYPERPLASTIC PULPITIS (PULP POLYP): A pulp polyp, also called as Chronic Hyperplastic Pulpitis, is found in an open carious lesion, fractured tooth or when a dental restoration is missing. Due to lack of intrapulpal pressure in an open lesion pulp necrosis does not take place as would have occurred in a closed caries case.
chronic sclerosing pulpitis
CHRONIC PULPITIS:
Can appear directly, spontaneously
After an acute pulpitis, when the pus is drained through the carious orifice
Apical granuloma
PERIAPICAL GRANULOMA
(CHRONIC APICAL PERIODONTITIS) = A periapical granuloma is a mass of chronically inflamed granulation tissue that forms at the apex of the root of a nonvital (dead) tooth. However, a periapical granuloma does not contain granulomatous inflammation, and therefore is not a true granuloma.
Etiology:
Apical defense reaction to the presence of bacteria and their toxins in the root canal
apical cyst
PICAL PERIODONTAL CYST = APICAL RADICULAR CYST = The periapical cyst (also termed radicular cyst, and to a lesser extent dental cyst) is the most common odontogenic cyst. It is caused by pulpal necrosis secondary to dental caries or trauma. The cyst lining is derived from the cell rests of Malassez. Usually, the periapical cyst is asymptomatic, but a secondary infection can cause pain.
Apical abcess
PERIAPICAL ABSCESS (ACUTE PERIAPICAL PERIODONTITIS) = collection of pus usually caused by an infection that has spread from a tooth to the surrounding tissues.
Well delimited purulent inflammation located at the apex of a tooth
EVOLUTION :
DRAINAGE OF PUS TOWARDS THE GINGIVA:
FISTULIZATION → the symptoms disappear
acute gingivitis
CUTE GINGIVITIS =
Initial form of a periodontopathy
The acute nature is established by the intensity of the local irritation:
Sulcular plaque
The patient’s immune resistance
chronic gingivitis
HRONIC GINGIVITIS = gingivitis is a non destructive periodontal disease.
An inflammatory process of reduced intensity, without symptoms
Elderly people
Causes:
A. From the start
Defective hygiene – chronic accumulation of bacterial plaque
Mechanical and chemical irritation
B. Evolution of an acute gingivitis
C. Down syndrome, diabetes mellitus, increased progesterone levels (pregnancy)
chronic periodontitis
'’pouch’’
DULT CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS = Chronic periodontitis is a common disease of the oral cavity consisting of chronic inflammation of the periodontal tissues that is caused by accumulation of profuse amounts of dental plaque. Redness + bleeding, gum swelling, halitosis, gingival recession, deep periodontal pockets, loose teeth.
The most frequent cause of dental loss
chronic periodontitis suboceous pouch
ADULT CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS = Chronic periodontitis is a common disease of the oral cavity consisting of chronic inflammation of the periodontal tissues that is caused by accumulation of profuse amounts of dental plaque. Redness + bleeding, gum swelling, halitosis, gingival recession, deep periodontal pockets, loose teeth.
The most frequent cause of dental loss
periodontal abcess
LATERAL PERIODONTAL ABSCESS = is a localized collection of pus (i.e. anabscess) within the tissues of the periodontium. It is a type of dental abscess.
Complication of a chronic periodontitis
Cause:
Closure of the periodontal pocket in the superior gingival region
Inside the closed pocket:
Foreign bodies can be found
Fish bones, food
Bacteria multiply, sometimes even change their composition
Pus is formed = lateral abscess of the root
herpes
Gingivostomatitis (also known as primary herpetic gingivostomatitis or orolabial herpes) is a combination of gingivitis and stomatitis, or an inflammation of the oral mucosa and gingiva. Herpetic gingivostomatitis is often the initial presentation during the first (“primary”) herpes simplex infection. It is of greater severity than herpes labialis (cold sores), which is often the subsequent presentation. Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis is the most common viral infection of the mouth.
HSV-1:
The most frequent viral infection of the oral mucosa
Involves the oral cavity, lips, pharynx, eyes, the skin of the upper body
candidosis in silver stain
PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS CANDIDOSIS = Acute pseudomembranous candidiasis is a classic form of oral candidiasis,[6] commonly referred to as thrush. It is characterized by a coating or individual patches of pseudomembranous white slough that can be easily wiped away to reveal erythematous, and sometimes minimally bleeding mucosa beneath.[7] These areas of pseudomembrane are sometimes described as “curdled milk”,[4] or “cottage cheese”.[7] The white material is made up of debris, fibrin, and desquamated epithelium that has been invaded by yeast cells and hyphae that invade to the depth of the stratum spinosum.[4]
APPEARS in: Newborns, Malnourished infants
Adults: HIV infection, antibiotics, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, leukemia
Debilitated older people
LOCATION: jugal mucosa, dorsum of the tongue, palate, oropharynx
ANATOMIC - CLINICAL:
MACRO:
White, soft, creamy aspect (like coagulated milk)
They are adherent, but can be easily removed by friction or scraping
The underlying mucosa is normal or erythematous
Rarely with hemorrhage (in anticancer treatment)
EVOLUTION :
Acute
After antibiotic treatment
Chronic
Depressed immunity
giant cell granulloma
GIANT CELL PERIPHERAL GRANULOMA (EPULIS WITH MYELOPLAXES)
DEF. :
Gingival pseudotumor due to a deep gingival irritation
PREDISPOSING FACTORS :
Dental extraction, dental fracture
Periodontal treatments
Irritation given by prostheses
Chronic infections
EVOLUTION :
Slowly, towards fibrosis
mucocel retention
MUCOCELE :
CYSTIC LESION OF OBSTRUCTIVE ORIGIN:
Characteristic for minor salivary glands, rarely in major ones
MUCOCELE DUE TO EXTRAVASATION :
Def: retention of saliva in the surrounding connective tissue due to a traumatic rupture of the excretory canal of a salivary gland, which is:
Minor
Or major – in the case of ranula
mucocel extravation
MUCOCELE :
CYSTIC LESION OF OBSTRUCTIVE ORIGIN:
Characteristic for minor salivary glands, rarely in major ones
MUCOCELE DUE TO EXTRAVASATION :
Def: retention of saliva in the surrounding connective tissue due to a traumatic rupture of the excretory canal of a salivary gland, which is:
Minor
Or major – in the case of ranula
chronic sialdenitis
CHRONIC SCLEROSING SIALADENITIS:
CAUSES : sialolithiasis
In adults, more frequent in males
MACROSCOPY/CLINICAL
Swelling and recurrent pain in a gland
Usually the submandibular gland, which has an increased volume and is tough – called KÜTNER’S TUMOR
MICROSCOPY :
In easy/medium cases :
Periductal and intralobular inflammation, with a moderate acinar atrophy
In severe cases :
Acinar destruction with fibrous replacement + ductal ectasia
pleomorphic edenoma
PLEIOMORPHIC ADENOMA (mixed tumor of the salivary glands) = is a common benign salivary gland neoplasm characterised by neoplastic proliferation of parenchymatous glandular cells along with myoepithelial components, having a malignant potentiality. It is the most common type of salivary gland tumor and the most common tumor of the parotid gland.
folicular ameloblastoma
AMELOBLASTOMA = is a rare,benign tumor of odontogenic epithelium much more commonly appearing in the lower jaw than the upper jaw. While these tumors are rarely malignant or metastatic, and progress slowly, the resulting lesions can cause severe abnormalities of the face and jaw.
The most frequent odontogenic tumor (equal to all the others combined)
compound odontoma
COMPOUND ODONTOMA = A compound odontoma still has the three separate dental tissues (enamel, dentin and cementum), but may present a lobulated appearance where there is no definitive demarcation of separate tissues between the individual “toothlets” (or denticles). It usually appears in the anterior maxilla.
complex odontoma
COMPLEX ODONTOMA = The complex odontoma is unrecognizable as dental tissues, usually presenting as a radioopaque area with varying densities. It usually appears in the posterior maxilla or in the mandible. Osteosarcoma is the most common histological form of primary bone cancer. It is most prevalent in children and young adults
'’red tooth’’
internal resorbion
RESORBTION= Loss of dental tough subtance on the surfaces which are not exposed to the outside.
In contact with the pulp region (crown, roots)
In contact with the periodontal ligament (roots)
INTERNAL RESORBTION:
Rare
Causes:
Pulp traumas
Pulpitis secondary to caries
Pulpotomy
Starts in the pulp and evolves towards the surface of the cementum or the crown => until it produces a communication between the pulp and the periodontal space or the external surface of the crown
pulp polyp
CHRONIC PULPITIS:
Can appear directly, spontaneously
After an acute pulpitis, when the pus is drained through the carious orifice
CHRONIC HYPERPLASTIC PULPITIS (PULP POLYP): A pulp polyp, also called as Chronic Hyperplastic Pulpitis, is found in an open carious lesion, fractured tooth or when a dental restoration is missing. Due to lack of intrapulpal pressure in an open lesion pulp necrosis does not take place as would have occurred in a closed caries case.
Apical cyst
APICAL PERIODONTAL CYST = APICAL RADICULAR CYST = The periapical cyst (also termed radicular cyst, and to a lesser extent dental cyst) is the most common odontogenic cyst. It is caused by pulpal necrosis secondary to dental caries or trauma. The cyst lining is derived from the cell rests of Malassez. Usually, the periapical cyst is asymptomatic, but a secondary infection can cause pain.
apical cyst
APICAL PERIODONTAL CYST = APICAL RADICULAR CYST = The periapical cyst (also termed radicular cyst, and to a lesser extent dental cyst) is the most common odontogenic cyst. It is caused by pulpal necrosis secondary to dental caries or trauma. The cyst lining is derived from the cell rests of Malassez. Usually, the periapical cyst is asymptomatic, but a secondary infection can cause pain.
apical cyst
APICAL PERIODONTAL CYST = APICAL RADICULAR CYST = The periapical cyst (also termed radicular cyst, and to a lesser extent dental cyst) is the most common odontogenic cyst. It is caused by pulpal necrosis secondary to dental caries or trauma. The cyst lining is derived from the cell rests of Malassez. Usually, the periapical cyst is asymptomatic, but a secondary infection can cause pain.
apical abcess
ERIAPICAL ABSCESS (ACUTE PERIAPICAL PERIODONTITIS) = collection of pus usually caused by an infection that has spread from a tooth to the surrounding tissues.
Well delimited purulent inflammation located at the apex of a tooth
EVOLUTION :
DRAINAGE OF PUS TOWARDS THE GINGIVA:
FISTULIZATION → the symptoms disappear
acute gingivitis-tartar
ACUTE GINGIVITIS =
Initial form of a periodontopathy
The acute nature is established by the intensity of the local irritation:
Sulcular plaque
The patient’s immune resistance
chronic gingivitis hiv related
CHRONIC GINGIVITIS = gingivitis is a non destructive periodontal disease.
An inflammatory process of reduced intensity, without symptoms
Elderly people
Causes:
A. From the start
Defective hygiene – chronic accumulation of bacterial plaque
Mechanical and chemical irritation
B. Evolution of an acute gingivitis
C. Down syndrome, diabetes mellitus, increased progesterone levels (pregnancy)
drug related gingival hyperplasia
DRUG RELATED GINGIVAL HYPERPLASIA = Drug-related gingival hyperplasia is a cutaneous condition characterized by enlargement of the gums noted during the first year of drug treatment.[1] There are three drug classes that are associated with this condition namely, anticonvulsants (such as phenyotoin and phenobartibal), calcium channel blocker( such as amlopidine, nifedipine and verapamil) and cyclosporine, an immunosuppressant.
gingival fibromatosis
Hereditary gingival fibromatosis (HGF), also known as idiopathic gingival hyperplasia, is a rare condition of gingival overgrowth.[1] HGF is characterized as a benign, slowly progressive, nonhemorrhagic, fibrous enlargement of keratinized gingiva. It can cover teeth in various degrees, and can lead to aesthetic disfigurement.[2] Fibrous enlargement is most common in areas of maxillary and mandibular tissues of both arches in the mouth.[1
chronic periodontitis
ADULT CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS = Chronic periodontitis is a common disease of the oral cavity consisting of chronic inflammation of the periodontal tissues that is caused by accumulation of profuse amounts of dental plaque. Redness + bleeding, gum swelling, halitosis, gingival recession, deep periodontal pockets, loose teeth.
The most frequent cause of dental loss
hiv related periodontitis
ulcerative necrotic
Patients with severe immunosuppression as a consequence of infection by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are at risk for a number of severe periodontal diseases. HIV-associated gingivitis and HIV-associated periodontitis (HIV-P) are seen exclusively in HIV-infected persons. In some cases HIV-P may extend into adjacent soft tissue and bone, resulting in necrotizing stomatitis of periodontal origin. In addition, acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis has also been reported to have an increased prevalence in HIV-infected patients.
periodontal abcess
LATERAL PERIODONTAL ABSCESS = is a localized collection of pus (i.e. anabscess) within the tissues of the periodontium. It is a type of dental abscess.
Complication of a chronic periodontitis
Cause:
Closure of the periodontal pocket in the superior gingival region
Inside the closed pocket:
Foreign bodies can be found
Fish bones, food
Bacteria multiply, sometimes even change their composition
Pus is formed = lateral abscess of the root
periodontal abcess
fistula
LATERAL PERIODONTAL ABSCESS = is a localized collection of pus (i.e. anabscess) within the tissues of the periodontium. It is a type of dental abscess.
Complication of a chronic periodontitis
Cause:
Closure of the periodontal pocket in the superior gingival region
Inside the closed pocket:
Foreign bodies can be found
Fish bones, food
Bacteria multiply, sometimes even change their composition
Pus is formed = lateral abscess of the root
herpes+hiv
linical Features of Genital Herpes in HIV-Infected Patients5,6
Lesions may appear as ulcers, “cracks,” or linear fissures
Lesions may be larger and/or more numerous and may heal slowly
Lesions may be coinfected with other pathogens
Lesions caused by resistant virus may be especially atypical, more severe, larger, and slower to heal
minor aphthe
MINOR APHTHS = Minor aphthous ulcers are the most common (8 in 10 cases). They are small, round, or oval, and are less than 10 mm across. They look pale yellow, but the area around them may look swollen and red. Only one ulcer may develop, but up to five may appear at the same time. Each ulcer lasts 7-10 days, and then goes without leaving a scar. They are not usually very painful.
major apthe
MAJOR APHTHS (oral aphthosis) = Major aphthous ulcers occur in about 1 in 10 cases. They tend to be 10 mm or larger across. Usually only one or two appear at a time. Each ulcer lasts from two weeks to several months, but will heal leaving a scar. They can be very painful and eating may become difficult.
pseudomembranous candidiosis
PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS CANDIDOSIS = Acute pseudomembranous candidiasis is a classic form of oral candidiasis,[6] commonly referred to as thrush. It is characterized by a coating or individual patches of pseudomembranous white slough that can be easily wiped away to reveal erythematous, and sometimes minimally bleeding mucosa beneath.[7] These areas of pseudomembrane are sometimes described as “curdled milk”,[4] or “cottage cheese”.[7] The white material is made up of debris, fibrin, and desquamated epithelium that has been invaded by yeast cells and hyphae that invade to the depth of the stratum spinosum.[4]
APPEARS in: Newborns, Malnourished infants
Adults: HIV infection, antibiotics, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, leukemia
Debilitated older people
LOCATION: jugal mucosa, dorsum of the tongue, palate, oropharynx
ANATOMIC - CLINICAL:
MACRO:
White, soft, creamy aspect (like coagulated milk)
They are adherent, but can be easily removed by friction or scraping
The underlying mucosa is normal or erythematous
Rarely with hemorrhage (in anticancer treatment)
EVOLUTION :
Acute
After antibiotic treatment
Chronic
Depressed immunity
candidose-central papilary atrophy
ENTRAL PAPILLARY ATROPHY : (median rhomboid glossitis)
Initially considered a malformation
Chronic evolution, without symptoms
Macroscopy
On the median line of the dorsum of the tongue, posterior region
A red, swollen, rhomboid, well delineated area
The surface is smooth or lobulated
Loss of filiform papillae
pregnancy tumor
pyogrnic granuloma
YOGENIC GRANULOMA = is a vascular lesion that occurs on both mucosa and skin, and appears as an overgrowth of tissue due to irritation, physical trauma or hormonal factors.
DEF. :
A pseudotumor produced due to irritation and trauma in the presence of a special oral microbial flora
More frequent
In children, adolescents and pregnant women
Appears in the first semester of pregnancy, grows until birth and then decreases in size = PREGNANCY TUMOR
giant cel-epulis
GIANT CELL PERIPHERAL GRANULOMA (EPULIS WITH MYELOPLAXES)
DEF. :
Gingival pseudotumor due to a deep gingival irritation
PREDISPOSING FACTORS :
Dental extraction, dental fracture
Periodontal treatments
Irritation given by prostheses
Chronic infections
EVOLUTION :
Slowly, towards fibrosis
squamus cell carcinoma
ulcerative
at mouth floor
MOUTH FLOOR CARCINOMA :
35% of oral cancers
Growing frequency in women
Predisposing factors :
Leukoplakia, erythroplakia
Secondary neoplasm
squamus cell carcinoma
ulcerative
alveolar boarder
0% of oral cancers
Location : posterior mandible
On an area of keratosis
In the beginning :
Can mimic a dental inflammation
squamus cell carcinoma
ulcerative
lateral margin of tongue
CARCINOMA OF THE TONGUE :
40% of all oral cancers (without the lips)
Nodule or painless ulceration
Location :
2/3 on the posterior margin
20% on the anterior-lateral and ventral surfaces of the tongue
4% on the dorsal surface of the base of the tongue (on syphilitic lesions)
The ones at the tongue base – the most malignant
