Practical Content

Question 1

Fasting Blood Glucose Concentration

Answer 1

3.5 - 6 mmol/L

Question 2

After a Meal Blood Glucose Concentration

Answer 2

Briefly rises to 9 mmol/L

Question 3

How Glucometer Works

Answer 3

= The glucometer determines how much glucose is present in a blood sample by an enzymatic reaction, using the enzyme glucose oxidase. The meter uses biosensor technology. To perform a test, an electrode is inserted into the sensor and a drop of blood is applied to the electrode. The electrode contains the above enzyme and some chemicals with which the glucose in your blood sample reacts. This reaction produces very small electrical currents. The sensor measures these currents and then displays your blood glucose result

Question 4

Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT)

Answer 4

1. Measure fasting blood glucose
2. Ingest glucose drink
3. Measure blood glucose every 30 mins
4. Measure blood glucose 2 hours after drink

Question 5

Blood Glucose Levels (After 2 hours)

Answer 5

• Diabetes: >/= 11 mmol/L
• Pre-Diabetes: 7.8 - 11 mmol/L
• Normal: <7.8 mmol/L

Question 6

Blood Glucose Homeostasis

Answer 6

• When blood glucose is too high, the pancreas secretes more insulin
• When blood glucose levels drop, the pancreas releases glucagon to raise them

Question 7

Fasting State

Answer 7

• Fat breakdown
• Glycogenolysis
• Gluconeogenesis
• Glucagon release

Question 8

Fed State

Answer 8

• Insulin release
• Protein synthesis
• Glycogenesis

Question 9

Type 1 Diabetes

Answer 9

• Early onset
• Insulin deficient
• Treatment: Insulin injections

Question 10

Type 2 Diabetes

Answer 10

• Late onset
• Insulin resistant
• Treatment: Hypoglycaemia drugs

Question 11

Risk Factors for Developing Type 2 Diabetes

Answer 11

• Age
• Gender
• Aboriginal/ TSI
• Location of birth
• Parents/siblings with diabetes
• Previous personal history of high blood glucose levels
• Blood pressure medications
• Cigarette smoke
• Lack of consumption of fruit and vege
• Lack of exercise
• Waist measurement/weight

Question 12

Three Metabolic Abnormalities that Contribute to Development of Type 2 Diabetes

Answer 12

1. Insulin Resistance
   - Insulin is produced but insulin receptors are unresponsive or insufficient in number
   - Body compensates by increasing insulin production
2. Decreased Production of Insulin
   - Beta cells become fatigued
   - Hyperglycaemia
3. Inappropriate Glucose Production
   - Liver releases glucose when not needed