Practical Class

Question 1

In KIA, an acid slant and acid butt can indicate which bacteria?

Answer 1

LACTOSE FERMENTERS
E.coli
Klebsiella
Enterobacter
Citrobacter

Question 2

In KIA, an alkaline slant and acid butt, with gas can indicate which bacteria?

Answer 2

NON-LACTOSE FERMENTERS
Salmonella spp.
Providencia
Proteus

Question 3

In KIA, an alkaline slant and acid butt, with no gas can indicate which bacteria?

Answer 3

Shigella
S. Typhi
Providencia
Proteus
Yersinia

Question 4

What are some microorganisms that can survive the stomach acid?

Answer 4

Lactobacillus spp.
Candida albicans
Shigella spp.
Parvoviridae
Adenoviridae
enteroviruses
Giardia lamblia
E. histolytica
Toxplasma gondii
Enterobius vermicularis 
Trichuris tricuiura
Ascaris lumbrricoides
H. pylori

Question 5

What are some of the pathogenic bacteria of the small intestine?

Answer 5

The upper part of the small intestine contains only a few bacteria that have survived the stomach’s antibacterial action. They are not multiplying i.e. are transitory inhabitants. Towards the distal end of the ileum, the bacterial flora increases, and total counts may rise to 1x10^8/mL.

Question 6

What are some of the pathogenic bacteria of the colon?

Answer 6

Anaerobes predominate, with ratios of anaerobes to facultative anaerobes approximately 1000:1. Faeces contains 1x10^11 organisms per gram.

Question 7

What are some of the normal flora of the gut?

Answer 7

Bacteroides spp. Fusobacterium spp.
E. coli, other Enterobacteriaceae, Psudomonas spp, Staph spp.
Peptoniphilus spp
C. perfringens and other Clostridum spp.
Non-sporing gram positive bacilli incl. Lactobacillus spp. Bifidobacterium spp.
C. albicans
Non pathogenic protozoa (flagellates and amoebae)
Acid resistant viruses (sub-clinical infections)

Question 8

Food poisoning is most commonly caused by which bacteria?

Answer 8

S. aureus
Salmonella spp.
C. perfringens
C. jejuni
Norovirus

Question 9

Gastroenteritis in under 5’s is commonly caused by which bacteria?

Answer 9

Rotavirus
C. jejuni
Salmonella spp.
Shigella spp.
Giardia lamblia (chronic)
Astroviruses
Adenoviruses

Question 10

Gastroenteritis in adults and older children is commonly caused by which bacteria?

Answer 10

Salmonella spp (usually food-borne)
Shigella spp

Question 11

Travellers diarrhoea is commonly caused by which bacteria?

Answer 11

Enterotoxigenic E.coli
Salmonella spp.
Shigella spp.
C. jejuni
Giardia lamblia (chronic)
Norovirus