Practical Audio Visual Chinese Vol.4 Grammar Points (ch.8,9,13) Flashcards
CH9
除非
Only if, unless
(Following 除非 is the only acceptable condition. It shows that no other way is acceptable. This can be used in conjuction with 才,否則,or 要不然.)
Chu2 fei1
CH9
…,一方面(N/PN)也…
Additionally, and also…
(Shows that beyond reasons previously stated or implied, there is another reason stated after 一方面N/PN也… Since this reason is appendant, not critical, not decisive, the tone is not as strong as …再說…)
…, yi1fang1mian4 (N/PN) ye3…
CH9
SV Opp. SV (兩個意思相反的單音節SV)
Two syllable SVs of opposite meaning combine to form a noun which means quantity “quantity, quality, or degree”. This only represents a range and not an exact numerical figure (if a specific number is given, then a different noun should be used. For example, instead of 高矮, 高度 should be used.)
CH9
好不容易
Very difficult
(Following 好不容易 is a completed situation or event which is very difficult to achieve. It has the same meaning with or without 不 and is often used with the conjunction 才.
Hao3 bu4 rong2 yi
CH9
…, 主要的是…
The main/principle issue is…
(Following 主要的是 is a situation or thing that is the biggest reason or factor for the previously mentioned situation.)
Zhu3yao4 deshi4
CH9
NP(之)所以…, 是因為…
The reason that NP…, is because…
(This original pattern is 因為…所以… which has been flipped to give greater emphasis to the cause and result.)
i.e. 他們之所以罷工,是因為薪水太低。
CH9
…不說, 還…
It goes without saying…, beyond that/ what’s more (don’t even mention…, even…)
(Following 不說 is something that is generally recognised by everybody, and following 還 is a situation that goes beyond the speaker‘s expectations that are based on this generally recognised fact.)
CH9
嘆詞「哼」的用法
The interjection 哼 is said low, in a falling tone, and short. It shows a feeling of dissatisfaction, distain, or anger.
Heng1
CH8
V慣
To become accustomed to… via the V
( V慣了 and 沒V慣 are Actual Types, V得慣 and V不慣 are Potential Types. When someone asks V得慣嗎 or 得慣V不慣, it expresses politeness about another person.)
V guan4
CH8
的確
Indeed, really
(This shows that one agrees or is affirming another’s point of view. It is used at the beginning of a sentence or in front of a VERB, SV, or ADVERB.)
Di2que4
CH8
恨不得
To itch to, to strongly desire to do something that cannot or should not be fulfilled.
Hen4bude
CH8
不但不/沒…反而…
Not only…, but, on the contrary/instead
(following 不但不/沒 is something that is expected to happen. Following 反而 is the unexpected opposite result.)
Bu4dan4bu4/ mei2..fan3er2
CH8
(在)N上
Means scope, limit, range (範圍) or aspect, respect, side (方面).
CH8
V得/不來
- Shows harmony (or discord).
- Shows sufficient (or insufficient) ability to perform an action.
- Compatible (or incompatible) tastes.
CH8
不再…了
Never again.
(shows and action has ceased and will not continue or happen again. can be followed by a V, VO, VP, or SV)
CH8
…甚至(於)…
To go as far as to, so much so that, even
(to reach or arrive at what seems, in normal conditions, to be an extreme degree or point. Proceeding or following 甚至於 see related matters, the one with the most intense degree or highest degree is placed after 甚至於.)
…Shen4zhi4 (yu2)…
CH13
NP1是關於NP2
NP1 is about/concerns NP2
(Shows that NP1 and NP2 are related.)
CH13
說也奇怪
“It’s really odd”
(After 說也奇怪 is a situation which the speaker feels is odd or perplexing, and defies reason.)
CH13
向來
Always, all along, from past to present
(both 向來 and 從來 mean “the situation or habit remains the same from past to present”, and that there is no clear starting or ending point. 向來 is often used in positive sentences, and 從來 is used in negative sentences.)
CH13
於是
Thereupon, to act accordingly
(Can be placed after the subject, and means that the thing after 於是 is usually caused by the thing before 於是. It indicates because of the former situation, the action takes place later accordingly. Natural phenomena can’t be described using 於是.)
CH13
遲早(早晚)
Sooner or later
(Shows that a certain situation will definitely occur in the future; it’s just an issue of timing. When used with 會, often connotes a negative situation.)
CH13
結果
As a result, finally, in the end.
(A conjunction describing a final result. often implies that the final result is different from one’s expectations.)
CH13
NP所V的(O)
That which NP has V
(NP所V的 modifies the object which follows and which is the topic being discussed. 所 clarifies and brings emphasis to the object, but the meaning doesn’t change if 所 is omitted.)