Practical

Question 1

Antibody

Answer 1

Protein molecule produced by lymphocytes that can specifically bind to antigens

Question 2

Antigen

Answer 2

A large molecule or a smaller part of it that induces immunoligical responses in the target organism

Question 3

Agglutination

Answer 3

The clumping together in suspension of antigen - bearing cells in the presence of specific antibodies

Question 4

Anti-D

Answer 4

Antibody against D antigens (this goes for the Rh-blood group

Question 5

ABO Blood System

Answer 5

System for classifying human blood on the basis of the presence or absence of two antigens on the red cell membrane - we have four blood types: A, B, AB and O

Question 6

ECG

Answer 6

Electrocardiograph - device to record the electrical activity to the heart

Question 7

Systole

Answer 7

The contraction of the heart (happens when depolarization reaches the contractile cardiac muscle cells

Question 8

Systolic Pressure

Answer 8

Blood pressure within the arteries when the heart muscle is contracting

Question 9

Diastole

Answer 9

When the heart is in a state of relaxation and dilation (expansion) - the ventricles fill with blood in this time-period

Question 10

Diastolic Pressure

Answer 10

The minimum arterial pressure when the ventricles of the heart relax (cells relax)

Question 11

Arterial Mean Pressure

Answer 11

MAP - a term used in medicine to describe an average blood pressure in the arteries of an individual

Question 12

Pulse Pressure

Answer 12

The difference between systolic and diastolic pressure readings

Question 13

Respiratory Sinus Arrhytmia

Answer 13

Heart rate variability in synchrony with the respiration

Question 14

Bainbridge Reflex

Answer 14

An increase in heart rate due to an increase in central venous pressure

Question 15

Barroceptor Reflex

Answer 15

A homeostatic mechanism which helps to maintain blood pressure at nearly constant level

Question 16

Peripheric Resistence

Answer 16

Vascular resistance to the flow of blood in peripheral arterial vessels that is typically a function of the internal vessel diameter, vessel lenght and blood viscosity

Question 17

Vital Cavity

Answer 17

The largest amount of air that can be expired after a maximal inspiratory effort (VC=IRV+TV+ERV)

Question 18

Dynamic Respiratory Volume

Answer 18

Flowrate of expired and inspired air and reflect the state of the airways

Question 19

Spirometer

Answer 19

Spiro = Breath, Meter = To measure - a device which measures lung volume and capacity together with the rate of air flow

Question 20

FEV1

Answer 20

The major fraction of vital capacity that is exhaled in the first second of forced exhalation mannour

Question 21

Inspiratory Reserve Volume

Answer 21

The air inspired with a maximal inspiratory effort in excercises of the tidal volume

Question 22

Motor Unit

Answer 22

A single somatic motor neuron + innervated fibers
Small motor unit size = Precise movement
Large motor unit size = Powerful movement

Question 23

Muscle Tone

Answer 23

State of tension in skelletal muscles which are maintained continiously, even when balanced

Question 24

Motor Unit Recruitment

Answer 24

Seqencial activation of motor units/motor neurons, that follows a size-principle, first motivation of smallest, and second the larger motor units

Question 25

Muscle Fatigue

Answer 25

A state of exhaustion or loss of strenght and/or muscle - a condition in which a muscle loses its ability to contract as a result of overactivity

Question 26

Dynanometer

Answer 26

An instrument of measuring the degree of muscular power

Question 27

Sensory Threshold (Absolute)

Answer 27

The lowest point at which response to a stimulus can be perceived

Question 28

Sensory Discrimination Threshold

Answer 28

The lowest point at which stimuli can be distinct

Question 29

Method Of Limits

Answer 29

A method which is used to determine the threshold of a subject, by either gradually increasing or decreasing the magnitude of the stimulus presented

Question 30

Decibel

Answer 30

A unit for expressing the relative intensity of a sound wave. 90/120 decibel is normal, and when it is over 120 decibel a person will feel pain

Question 31

Dioptre

Answer 31

A unit describing the amount of focusing power of a lens - Described in meters

Question 32

Perimeter

Answer 32

A medical instrument for measuring the limits of the field of vision

Question 33

Operant Conditioning

Answer 33

A learning process in which behavior is sensitive to, or controlled by its consequences

Question 34

Thorndike's Law Of Effect

Answer 34

The consequence in behavior influences the later behaviors. Occurence of that reinforced behavioral elements will increase, occurence of punished behavioral elements will decrease

Question 35

Unconditioned Reflex

Answer 35

An instinctive, unlearned reaction to a specific stimulus

Question 36

Conditioned Reflex

Answer 36

A learned response where an unconditioned reflex becomes associated with a previously, unrelated unconditioned stimulus

Question 37

Irwin's Activity Test

Answer 37

A rapid screening method for the investigation of drug effects on the CNS, carried out on adult (male) mice

Question 38

Motor Coordination

Answer 38

The harmonious functioning of body parts that involve movement, including gross motor movement, fine motor movement, and motor planning

Question 39

Body Tone

Answer 39

Term implies leanness in the body (low levels of body fat and shape, but not significal muscle size).

Question 40

Behavioural Effects

Answer 40

Change in behaviour as a result of a cause or agent. Actions and/or reactions in a person or animal in response to an external or internal stimuli

Question 41

Polygraphy

Answer 41

Records physical activities associated with arousal in the autonomic nervous system - often used as a lie detector

Question 42

Sympathetic Activation

Answer 42

Something that is activated unvoluntarily, ex. blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate and skin conductivity - you cannot consciously alter these effects

Question 43

Galvanic Skin Response (GSR)

Answer 43

A change in the electrical conductivity of the skin caused by an emotional reaction to a stimulus

Question 44

DRAW The Different Blood Types

Answer 44

Drawing

Question 45

DRAW the EKG-line (name the peaks)

Answer 45

Drawing

Question 46

DRAW Einthoven's Triangle

Answer 46

Drawing

Question 47

DRAW and explain the Static Pulmonary Volumes

Answer 47

Drawing

Question 48

DRAW and explain the Dynamic Pulmonary Volumes

Answer 48

Drawing

Question 49

Draw a Single Twitch

Answer 49

Drawing

Question 50

Draw the Different Muscle Tensions

Answer 50

Drawing

Question 51

Blind Spot

Answer 51

A small area at the back of the eye that is not sensitive to light