Practical 4 - salt halides Flashcards
What equation is needed to adapt the concentrations of solutions?
C1V1 = C2V2
What is the purpose of a waste container in chemistry?
Prevents reaction due to contamination of chemicals that react dangerously.
Prevents harm to ecosystems/water sources because chemicals aren’t going in the bin/down the sink.
Describe and explain the periodic trend in the solubility of alkaline earth metal compounds.
Down the group, alkaline earth metal compounds are less soluble because the ions are larger so are less attracted to water molecules.
What generalisations can be made about silver halides?
Low solubility in water.
Readily precipitate from solution when a silver salt reacts with a halide ion source (become less soluble in NH3 down the group and less soluble in Na2S2O3).
(Less reactive down the group as bond enthalpies are lower and covalent character increases.
Photosensitive - decompose when exposed to light.)
In nuclear explosions/accidents, iodine-131, a radioactive fission product, can become dispersed in the atmosphere. Eventually, the iodine isotope will fall onto the ground and be absorbed by plants.
Explain how radiation from iodine-131 could become concentrated in the human body and cause a growth disorder.
Humans may ingest iodine-131 by consuming contaminated food, particularly vegetables and dairy products.
Once ingested, iodine-131 is absorbed into the bloodstream and is transported to the thyroid gland because the thyroid uses iodine to produce thyroid hormones. This leads to a concentration of iodine-131 in the gland.
The radiation from iodine-131 can cause cellular damage, including DNA mutations. This damage can disrupt normal cell function and growth processes, particularly in rapidly dividing cells, such as those in the thyroid gland.
Hypothyroidism: Insufficient thyroid hormone production due to cellular damage.
Hyperthyroidism: Overproduction of thyroid hormones as a response to damage, which can lead to growth acceleration followed by dysfunction (abnormalities).
Insufficient hormone levels can lead to stunted growth and developmental delays.
Or children can grow quickly at first and stop growing early.
Adding starch to iodine forms a…
black coloured-complex.
What words can you use to describe observations of solutions?
Colourless/state colour.
Transparent/opaque.
