Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cells to Organisms - Practicals > Practical 4. Human Physiology > Flashcards

Practical 4. Human Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is voluntary muscle contraction the result of ?

A

Communication between the brain and individual muscle fibres of the musculoskeletal system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What results in muscle contraction ?

A

A thought being transformed into electrical impulses that travel down interneurons and motor neurons to the neuromuscular junctions that form a motor unit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a hand dynamometer used for ?

A

Measuring maximum grip strength

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the initials for an electrocardiogram ?

A

ECG or EKG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is an electrocardiogram ?

A

A graphical recording of the electrical events occurring within the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What initiates an electrical sequence in a healthy heart ?

A

The pacemaker in the right atrium specifically the sinoatrial node

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does the impulse pass down ?

A

Conduction pathways between the atria to the atrioventricular node and from there to both ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What do conduction pathways facilitate ?

A

Orderly spread of the impulses and coordinated contraction of first the atria and then the ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does electrical conductance create ?

A

Unique deflections in the ECG that give information about heart function and health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the p-wave ?

A

Represents atrial depolarisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does atrial depolarisation result in ?

A

Atrial contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the P-R interval ?

A

Time from the beginning of the P wave to the start of the QRS complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the QRS complex ?

A

Time from Q deflection to S deflection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the Q-T interval ?

A

Time from Q deflection to the end of the T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is R ?

A

The largest part of the wave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is Q ?

A

The beginning of the R

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does Q represent ?

A

Depolarisation in the septum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does R represent ?

A

The electrical stimulus as it passes through the main portion of the ventricular walls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the S ?

A

The smallest part of the large waves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does S represent ?

A

The final depolarisation of the ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the T-wave ?

A

Repolarisation of the ventricular myocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is blood pressure a measure of ?

A

Changing fluid pressure within the circulatory system

23
Q

What does blood pressure vary between ?

A

A peak pressure produced by contraction of the left ventricle, to a low pressure

24
Q

What is low blood pressure maintained by ?

A

Closure of the aortic valve and elastic recoil of the arterial system

25
Q

What is the pressure peak called ?

A

Systole

26
Q

What is meant by diastole ?

A

Pressure that is maintained even while the left ventricle is relaxing

27
Q

Why is mean arterial pressure not a simple average of two pressures ?

A

The duration of diastole is twice that of systole

28
Q

How is MAP used by emergency room and icu ?

A

A measure of adequacy of blood supplies to vital tissues when blood pressure is dangerously low

29
Q

What does the cold stimulus activate ?

A

The sympathetic nervous system resulting in haemodynamic changes that prepare the body for fight or flight response

30
Q

What makes the sensitivity of blood pressure to harmful external or internal injuries useful ?

A

Its a vital sign, an indicator or health, disease, excitement and stress

31
Q

What does measurement of lung volume provide a tool for ?

A

Understanding normal function of the lungs as well as diseased states

32
Q

What is the breathing cycle initiated by ?

A

Expansion of the chest

33
Q

What happens during quite breathing ?

A

Contraction of the diaphragm muscle causing it to flatten downwards

34
Q

What does the contraction of the diaphragm muscle do ?

A

Increases the vertical dimension of the thoracic cavity

35
Q

What lifts the ribs ?

A

External intercostals

36
Q

What do external intercostals do ?

A

Lift the ribs, expanding the outwards and increase the cavity volume

37
Q

What does the increase in chest volume do ?

A

Creates a negative pressure and draws air through the nose and mouth

38
Q

What is normal exhalation ?

A

Passive

39
Q

What does normal exhalation result from ?

A

Recoil of the chest wall, diaphragm and lung tissue

40
Q

What does active breathing use ?

A

Accessory respiratory muscles

41
Q

What are some examples of accessory respiratory muscles ?

A
  1. Sternocleidomastoid
  2. Scalenes
  3. Internal intercostals
  4. Abdominal muscle groups
42
Q

What is the function of accessory respiratory muscles ?

A

To further expand and contract the thorax

43
Q

What is the total lung capacity used at rest in normal breathing ?

A

1/10 the total lung capacity

44
Q

What is tidal volume ?

A

The volume of air breathed in and out without conscious effort

45
Q

What is inspiratory reserve volume ?

A

The additional volume of air that can be inhaled with maximum effort after a normal inspiration

46
Q

What is expiratory reserve volume ?

A

The additional volume of air that can be forcible exhaled after normal exhalation

47
Q

What is vital capacity ?

A

The total volume of air that can be inhaled after a maximum exhalation

48
Q

What is the equation for vital capacity ?

A

Tidal volume + Inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory reserve volume = vital capacity

49
Q

What is residual volume ?

A

The volume of air remaining in the lungs after maximum exhalation

50
Q

What cannot happen to the lungs ?

A

They can never be completely emptied

51
Q

What is the equation for total lung capacity ?

A

Vital capacity + residual volume = total lung capacity

52
Q

What is minute ventilation ?

A

The volume of air breathed in one minute

53
Q

What is the equation for minute ventilation ?

A

Tidal volume x breaths per minute

Cells to Organisms - Practicals (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions