PRACTICAL 3: CNS and PNS Flashcards
What is a cortex? Name an example.
The outer region or layer of a certain internal organ or structure. For then brain, there is a cortex called the cerebral cortex. This is the outer layer of the cerebrum.
What is gyrus (gyri)? Name an example.
A convex fold or elevation in the surface of the brain. An example of gyri in the brain is Broca’s gyri. This is an area of the brain that orchestrates speech production.
What is sulcus? Name an example.
Shallow grooves surrounding the gyrus. They are found especially between two convolutions of the brain. An example of sulcus is superior pulmonary sulcus which is associated with the lungs.
What is a fissure? Name an example.
A deep depression or inward fold of the brain. An example of a fissure is the transverse fissure. The transverse fissure divides the cerebrum from the cerebellum.
What is white matter? Name an example.
Found in the deeper tissues of the brain. Allows the exchange of information and communications between different areas of your brain. The myelin sheath gives it the white color. White matter is broken down into three categories, projection, association, and commissural fibers.
What is grey matter? Name an example.
This is where all the processing of the brain actually happens. It makes up the outer most layer of the brain. It gets its color from a high concentration of neuronal cell bodies. Found in the cerebellum, cerebrum, and brain stem. (Plus the butterfly portion of the central spinal cord)
What is the fiber tract? Name an example?
There are 3 types of fiber tracts. Commissural, association, and projection fibers. Commissural connect corresponding regions of the left and right hemispheres of the brain. Association connect brain regions within the same hemisphere. Projection connects the cortex with other areas in the CNS.
What is a nerve? Name an example.
Nerves are clusters of cells called neurons. For example cranial and spinal nerves.
What is a nerve plexus? Name an example.
Is a branching network of intersecting nerves. An example of a nerve plexus is cervical, brachial, lumbar, and sacral plexuses.
What is a nucleus in the CNS? Name an example.
A cluster of neurons in the CNS, located deeply within the cerebral hemispheres and brainstem. It is responsible for cell function and regulation. EX. Ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus
What is ganglion? Name an example.
Collection of neuronal bodies found in the voluntary and autonomic branches of the PNS. EX. Sensory and motor.
What is folia? Name an example.
The cerebellar cortex is folded to form narrow leaf like bands which are the folia. Each contain a central core of white matter and a thing outer layer of grey matter. The core appears like a branching tree which is called arbor vitae cerebelli.
What are neurons?
These are functional cells of the nervous system, generating and propagating electrical signals.
What are the 3 types of neurons?
Sensory, motor, and interneurons
What are the 4 shapes of neurons?
Unipolar, bipolar, multipolar, and anaxonic.
