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PSIO LAB PRACTICAL 2 > Practical #2 > Flashcards

Practical #2 Flashcards

1
Q

Simple squamous epithelium
Function and location

A

Alveoli
Diffusion

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2
Q

Stratified squamous epithelium
Location and function

A

Lining of mouth and esophagus
Protection against abrasion

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3
Q

Pseudo-stratified ciliates columnar epithelium
Location and functions

A

Lining of nasal cavity, trachea and bronchi
Secrets and moves mucus

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4
Q

Hyaline cartilage
Location and functions

A

Nose, parts of the larynx, trachea and bronchi
Flexibility and support

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5
Q

Elastic cartilage
Location and function

A

Epiglottis of larynx
Provides strength, elastic and maintains shape

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6
Q

Ciliated simple cuboidal epithelium
Location and function

A

Bronchioles
Moves mucus and debris

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7
Q

Simple cuboidal epithelium
Location and function

A

Respiratory bronchioles
Allows for a little bit of gas exchange

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8
Q

Function of Resp. System

A

Moves air in/out of body
Cleans warms and humidifies air
Gas exchange
Olfaction
Ph balance
Blood pressure

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9
Q

What are the 3 paired cartilage structures?

A

Arytenoid
Cuneiform
Corniculate

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10
Q

What are the 3 single cartilage structures?

A

Thyroid
Crucifix
Epiglottis

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11
Q

True or false cords
Location

A

True: vocal (lower)
False: vestibular or ventricular folds

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12
Q

Functions of tonsils

A

Immunity

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13
Q

FX of trachea

A

Moves air from larynx to bronchi

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14
Q

Components of trachea and importance?

A

Trachialis M. Contracts or relaxes to adjust airflow

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15
Q

How many loves on each side of the lung? Why?

A

Right 3 lobes with an horizontal tissue
Left 2 lobes due to the heart
Both have oblique fissure

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16
Q

What is the hilum?

A

Where vessels and nerves and bronchi enter or exit the lungs

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17
Q

What are the two plural lines?

A

Visceral and parietal

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18
Q

What is a pneumothorax?

A

Pneumothorax occurs when air enters the pleural, space, causing shortness of breath, increasing heart rate and is treated with a needle decompression

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19
Q

What are the three layers of the respiratory membrane?

A

Alveolar cell, basement membrane and endothelial cell

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20
Q

What is Boyles law?

A

Pressure and volume are inversely related

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21
Q

What muscles are required for forced inhalation

A

Diaphragm, external intercostals, sternocleidomastoid, scalenes and pectoralis minor

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22
Q

What muscles are required for forced exhalation

A

Internal intercostals, external oblique, internal oblique, transverse, abdominous, and rectus abdominous

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23
Q

What is required for regular inhalation?

A

Diaphragm and external intercostals

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24
Q

What muscles are required for normal exhalation?

A

None

25
Q

What is spirometry?

A

A test used to measure lung volumes, and how quickly one can inhale or exhale

26
Q

What is tidal volume?

A

The amount of an air inhaled or exhaled during a normal breath

27
Q

What is inspiratory reserve volume?

A

The maximum amount of air inhaled after normal inhalation

28
Q

What is expiratory reserve volume?

A

The max amount of air exhaled after normal exhalation

29
Q

What is residual volume?

A

The amount of air left in a long after the maximum exhalation, it prevents the lungs from collapsing

30
Q

What is inspiratory capacity equation?

A

TV plus IRV

31
Q

What is the functional residual capacity?

A

RV plus ERV

32
Q

What is the vital capacity
Equation?

A

IRV plus TV plus ERV

33
Q

What is the total lung capacity?

A

TV plus ERV plus RV plus IRV

34
Q

What is the difference between the immune and lymphatic system?

A

Immune system is made up of immune cells, and the lymphatic system is an organ system

35
Q

What are the two main types of lymphocytes?

A

T cells and B cells

36
Q

Where do T cells mature?
What are the three types of T cells?
What type of immunity does it give?

A

They mature in the thymus
Memory, helper and cytotoxic
Adaptive immunity

37
Q

Where do B cells mature?
What type of immunity does B cells give?
What are the types of B cells?

A

They are matured in the red bone marrow
They give antibody mediated immunity
Memory and plasma

38
Q

What are the other three types of immune cells and their function?

A

Natural killer cells
Monocytes are macrophages -clear debris, and present antigens
Dendritic and reticular cells - APCS

39
Q

What is an antigen?

A

An antigen is a molecule capable of creating an immune response

40
Q

What is an antibody?

A

And antibodies a protein produced by plasma to find a specific antigen and mark it for destruction

41
Q

What is agglutination?

A

The body’s response to the mixing of blood types. The antibodies from one phenotype bind to the surface of another phenotype. This causes the erythrocytes to burst( hemolysis)

42
Q

What is the rhesus factor?

A

Determines a persons positive or negative blood type
It is a surface antigen
If a person is exposed to an Rh, antigen by contamination, the body will produce antibodies

43
Q

What is the majority of the population in terms of blood type?

A

Majority of people are O positive or A positive

44
Q

What is hemolytic disease of a newborn

A

When the mother is Rh negative and the baby is Rh positive.
It only affects the second pregnancy, because the blood mixes at the birth of the first baby .
The mixing of the blood causes the mother to make antibodies and these antibodies attack the second baby if it is RH POS.

45
Q

What is RhoGAM

A

A medicine that stops the mother from creating RH antibodies

46
Q

Lymphedema definition

A

A condition that causes swelling in the tissues, due to a buildup of fluid

47
Q

What is the difference between primary and secondary lymphedema?

A

Primary lymphedema is idiopathic
Secondary lymphedema is caused by a different condition such as cancer

48
Q

What are the symptoms of a lymphedema?

A

Swelling
Aching or numbness
Skin feeling tight or hot

49
Q

What are some treatments for lymphedema?

A

Treatments include exercise, a healthy diet elevation, a compression sleeve, and infection prevention

50
Q

What is the function and purpose of the lymphatic system?

A

Collection and return of ISF
Repacks and delivers lipids and vitamins from the small intestines to the blood

51
Q

What are the components of the lymphatic system?

A

Lymph organs, tissues, vessels

52
Q

Spleen
Catergory
Fx

A

Secondary lymphatic organ
Filters, blood, illuminates, erythrocytes, Reservoir for thrombocytes

53
Q

What is the histology of the spleen?

A

White pulp- a dark purple area that contains lymphocytes and macrophages
Red pulp- a red area that contains erythrocytes and thrombocytes

54
Q

What is the lymphatic tree?

A

Lymph capillaries
Afferent, lymph vessel
Nodes
Efferent lymph vessel
Lymph trunk
Duct

55
Q

What are the functions of the lymph nodes?

A

The filter lymph and are the site for T and B cell activation

56
Q

What are the lymph nodes

A

Cervical
Inguinal
Intestinal
Iliac
Submandibular
Auxiliary
Mammillary
Bronchial
Cysterna chyli
Thoracic duct
Right lymphatic duct

57
Q

What is MALT?
What is peyers patches?

A

Singular nodules in connective tissue of mucous membranes found in the respiratory G.I., urinary and reproductive tract
Aggregation of these nodules in the small intestines

58
Q

What are the components of lymphatic vessels?

A

Nodes
thin vessel walls
contain lymph and leukocytes
Valves
closed at one end
Directs lymph to shbclavian veins

59
Q

What are the key differences between lymphatic vessels and veins?

A

Lymphatic vessels have more valves, thinner walls, and blind and capillaries

PSIO LAB PRACTICAL 2 (1 decks)

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