Practical #1 Exam: Porifera and Cnidaria Flashcards

1
Q

What phylum do sponges fall under?

A

Porifera

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2
Q

Characteristics of Portifera

A
  • cellular level of organization
  • multicellular
  • cells don’t quite fit the definition of tissue
  • filter feeding through pores and canals
  • skeleton made of spicules and spongin
  • have special cells lining their canals called
    choanocytes for feeding and moving water
  • mutualistic (both benefiting)
    symbiotic relationship with algae
  • sponges get food (glucose) from the photosynthesizing
    algae
  • algae gets protection from the sponge
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3
Q

Pores

A
  • ostia
    -osculum
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4
Q

Canals

A
  • spongocoel
  • radial canals
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5
Q

Path of Water Through Sponges

A

Ostia → Radial Canal → Spongocoel → Osculum

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6
Q

What are Choanocytes?

A
  • the lining that is the inside of the sponge
  • single, flagellated cells
  • flagella move in the water which create water flow
  • cells filter out nutrients from the water
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7
Q

Types of Sponges

A
  • asconoid
  • syconoid
  • leuconoid
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8
Q

Asconoid Sponges

A
  • don’t have radial canals (ostia → spongocoel → osculum).
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9
Q

Synconoid Sponges

A
  • have radial canals that all connect to the spongocoel
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10
Q

Leuconiod

A
  • have a network of canals and a very small spongocoel.
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11
Q

What is the phylum for corals, anemones and jellyfish?

A

Cnidaria

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12
Q

Phylum Cnidaria Characteristics

A

-radial symmetry
-tissue level of organization
-diploblastic (2 tissue layers)
-have a gastrovascular cavity
-have cnidocytes on their tentacle that contain nematocysts
-usually have 2 types of body form, polyp and medusa

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13
Q

What is Diploblastic tissue?

A
  • epidermis
  • gastroderm
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14
Q

Cnidocytes

A

cells

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15
Q

Nematocysts

A
  • stinging organelles
  • type of cnidocyte
  • covered by operculum (cover/flap)
    -triggered by cnidocil (modified cilium)
    -threadlike filament injects venom when contacts prey/threat
  • once fired, cannot be reloaded
    -the cell is reabsorbed and replaced
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16
Q

Polp

A

sessil body form

17
Q

Medusa

A

free swimming body form

18
Q

Class Hydrozoa Characteristics

A
  • small
  • usually colonial
    -have cnidocytes (stinging cells)
19
Q

What class is Aurellia (jellyfish) in?

A

Scyphozoa

20
Q

Class Scyphozoa

A

-aurelia or jellyfish
-size ranges usually from 2 to 40cm,
-most of body comp. is water
- carnivorous organisms that feed on fish and other marine vertebrates.

21
Q

What class do anemones and corals fall under?

A

Anthozoa

22
Q

What is Metridium?

A

A sea Anemone

23
Q

Class Anthozoa

A

-strictly marine animals usually found on rocks and pilings
-usually solitary, sessile animals
-can be found in colonies as well
-polp body form
-no medusae

24
Q

What is Astrangia?

A

Stony coral

25
Q

Astrangia

A

-small anemones
-usually colonial.
-some colonies consists of millions of individuals, forming coral reefs.
-shallow water coral
-feeds principally on zooplankton, which are paralyzed by nematocysyts
on its tentacles and carried to its
mouth via its cilia.

26
Q

Local sponges (freshwater)

A

-have digitiform (finger-like) growth forms
-are not very big (live in small colonies)
-latch onto rocks and sticks
-found in lakes, ponds, rivers, and streams (permanent water sources)

27
Q

Metridium Whole Specimens Anatomy

A

-sea anemone internal and external structures
-general body structure is cylindrical
-body can be divided to three sections: oral disc, cylindrical column, basal disc,
-sessile, sea anemone
can glide slowly on its basal disc

28
Q

What is oral disc?

A

tentacles and mouth

29
Q

What is cylindrical column?

A

forming of the main body

30
Q

What is basal disc?

A

attaches itself to a solid object