Practical 1: Amphibians Flashcards
Family
Cryptobranchidae
lidless, baggy skin, large
Hynobiidae
Dark, thin, long, dissected
Family
Sirenidae
2 limbs, external gills, keratinized beak
Family
Sirenidae
2 limbs, external gills, keratinized beak
Family, genus, species
Salamandridae
Taricha torosa
four good limbs, enlarged cloaca=breeding=smooth skin, brownish top, organge-ish stomach, dark toe tips
Western Sierra Nevadas South of Kaweah River, coastal also from Mendocino to San Diego
Taricha sierrae looks exactly the same, but home range is W. Sierra Nevadas North of Kaweah River
Family, genus, species
Salamandridae
Taricha granulosa
rough skin, dark brown on top, dark around eyes, lighter stomach, long thin tail
Family, genus, species
Salamandridae
Taricha rivularis
black back, light stomach, flattened tail
Family
Salamandridae
( Notophthalmus viridescens) dark back, light stomach with black small spots
Family
Salamandridae
(Cynops species) rough skin, dark brown/black back, stomach dark with big lighter spots, light stripe down underside of tail
Family
Salamandridae
(Salamandra salamandra) plain dark stomach, spots/stripes on either side of spine, brown back
Family
Dicamptodontidae
(Dicamptodon ensatus) range from Santa Cruz to Sonoma, “dinosaur,” or brown speckled back with lighter stomach, smaller/younger ones have gills
Family, genus, species
Dicamptodontidae
Dicamptodon tenebrosus
gills retained, flattened body, eyes on top of head
Family, genus, species
Salamandridae
Taricha sierrae
exactly like Taricha torosa when they aren’t breeding, orange, rough skin
range in W. Sierra Nevadas north of Kaweah River
Family, genus, species
Ambystomatidae
Ambystoma californiense
grey/black back, light or spotted stomach, moderate size, smooth skin, robust body, short blunt head
Family, genus, species
Ambystomatidae
Ambystoma gracile
brown back and stomach, tail slightly flattened, short blunt head, robust body, moderate size, smooth skin
Family, genus, species
Ambystomatidae
Ambystoma macrodactylum
brown/black back, lighter stomach, FOURTH TOE LONGEST on back feet
Family, genus, species
Ambystomatidae
Ambystoma mavortium
tiger salamander, facultative metamorphosis, some are lighter brown with spots/stripes, some are darker with no spots/stripes and retain gills
Family
Proteidae
(Necturus maculosus) muddy colored, external gills, large
Family, genus, species
Rhyacotritonidae
Rhyacotriton variegatus
olive/light colored with dark mottling, small
Family
Amphiumidae
(Amphiuma tridactylum) four tiny limbs, lidless, gill slits
Family, genus, species/clade
Plethodontidae
Batrachoseps attenuatus
small, 4 toes on hind feet, uniformly slender and elongate, short legs, dark stomach
Family, genus, clade
Plethodontidae
Batrachoseps robustus clade
body more robust than tail, longe limbs
Family, genus, species
Plethodontidae
Hydromantes brunus
in jar, plain light brown, small
Family, genus, species
Plethodontidae
Hydromantes platycephalus
in jar, small, mottle light brown
Family, genus, species
Plethodontidae
Aneides flavipunctatus
square toe tips, triangular head, black/dark back and stomach, light/yellow flecks on toe tips
Family, genus, species
Plethodontidae
Aneides lugubris
light brown, strongly triangular head, square toe tips, ridges down sides
Family, genus, species
Plethodontidae
Aneides vagrans
small, thin, dark brown
Family, genus, species
Plethodontidae
Plethodon dunni
dark brown w/ lighter mottled coloring down middle, 15 costal grooves
Family, genus, species
Plethodontidae
Plethodon elongatus
light brown w/ lighter brown coloring down middle, toes slightly webbed, 18 costal grooves
Family
Caecillidae
limbless, ringed, tentacle at front of head, tail reduced
pantropical range, Central and South America, East and West Africa, southern India and Southeast Asia
Family
Caecillidae
limbless, ringed, tentacle at front of head, tail reduced
pantropical range, Central and South America, East and West Africa, southern India and Southeast Asia
Family, genus, species, subspecies
Plethodontidae
Ensatina eschscholtzii croceater
black with yellow botches on back, basal constriction on tail
Family, genus, species, subspecies
Plethodontidae
Ensatina eschscholtzii eschscholtzii
basal restriction of tail, reddish/brown on back, very light on sides and bottom, large dark eyes
Monterey
Family, genus, species, subspecies
Plethodontidae
Ensatina eschscholtzii klauberi
black with light colored large blotches/stripes, large dark eyes
Family, genus, soecies, subspecies
Plethodontidae
Ensatina eschscholtzii platensis
brown back with yellow blotches on tail and legs, legs and stomach lighter, tail constriction at base, large eyes
Sierra Nevadas
Family, genus, species, subspecies
Plethodontidae
Ensatina eschscholtzii xanthoptica
purple/orange/brown on back, lighter stomach, tail constriction, yellow spot in eye
Family, genus, species
Ascaphidae
Ascaphus truei
tailed
Family
Bombinatoridae
fire bellies, skin dark and bumpy on back, bellies light colored (blue or orange) with dark speckles
Family, genus, species
Pipidae
Xenopus laevis
flattened body and head, lidless eyes, claws on hind feet, hind feet webbed
Type I larvae
Family, genus species
Pipidae
Xenopus laevis
flattened body and head, lidless eyes, claws on hind feet, hind feet webbed
Type I larvae
Family
Rhinophrynidae
burrowing toad, egg shaped bodies, spade-like feet, head merges w/ body
Family, genus, species
Scaphiopodidae
Scaphiopus couchii
sickle-shaped spade on hind feet, no boss, hind feet webbed, small to medium sized
Family, genus, species
Scaphopodidae
Spea hammondii
wedge-shaped spade, no boss
Widespread California species
Family, genus, species
Scaphopodidae
Spea intermontana
glandular boss between eyes, webbed hind feet, dark toe tips on hind feet, wedge-shaped spade
Great Basin
Family
Megaphryidae
leaf-like shape, pointy eyelids, smooth skin
Family
Calyptocephalellidae
false toads, blunt head w/ elongated bumps on body, black with slight lighter speckling
Family, genus, species
Hylidae
Pseudacris cadaverina
true tree frogs, no eye stripe, webbed hind toes, fat body, brown with extra dark brown stripes, slender long legs, toe pads
California treefrog
worldwide except sub-Saharan Africa
Family, Genus, Species
Hylidae
Pseudacris regilla
long legs, toe pads, brown with darker blotches, lighter stomach
type IV larvae
worldwide except sub-Saharan Africa
Family
Hylidae
bumpy skin on stomach, dark brown back, lighter stomach, toe pads, round body, long legs
worldwide except sub-Saharan Africa
Family
Hylidae
round body, light brown back w/ lighter stomach, toe pads, long legs
worldwide except sub-Saharan Africa
Family
Hylidae
round body, brown/purple back, light stomach, toe pads, long legs
worldwide except sub-Saharan Africa
Family
Hylidae
toe pads, back feet webbed, brown w/ light stomach, long legs
worldwide except sub-Saharan Africa
Family
Hylidae
large toe pads, long legs
worldwide except sub-Saharan Africa
Family
Hylidae
long legs, toe pads
worldwide except sub-Saharan Africa
Family
Hylidae
long legs, toe pads
type IV larvae
worldwide except sub-Saharan Africa
Family, genus, species
Bufonidae
Bufo boreas
round body, warty skin and hands, webbed hind feet, paratanoid glands, light dorsal stripe, oval paratanoids well seperated
Family, genus, species
Bufonidae
Bufo californicus
smaller, warty skin, light brown w/ dark around warts, in jar, no dorsal stripe, widely spread paratanoid glands
Family, genus, species
Bufonidae
Bufo canorus
dark warty skin, spotted on stomach, large flat paratanoids less than the width of one apart
Family, genus, species
Bufonidae
Bufo cognatus
paired spots, warty skin, ovular paratanoids, prominent cranial crests w/ more than one angle
Family, genus, species
Bufonidae
Bufo exsul
black toad, very narrow dorsal stripe, spotted stomach
Family, genus, species
Bufonidae
Bufo microscaphus
small warts, large paratanoids
extirpated from CA
Family, genus, species
Bufonidae
Bufo punctuatus
light colored, spotted, warty skin, medium sized, paratanoids eye sized or smaller, pointy face
Family, genus, species
Bufonidae
Bufo woodhousii
brown with dark spots, warty skin, elongated paratanoid glands, cranial crests w/ only one angle, warty hands, webbed back feet
Family
Dendrobatidae
2 scutes on toe tips (heart shaped), black
Central and South America
Family
Rhinodermatidae
nose protrusion
South America
Family
Leprodactylidae
small, light brown, no specific characteristics
Central and South America
Family
Ceratophryidae
horned toad, huge head, enormous mouth, mimics dead leaves, horns on eyes, pointy body, head color continues down a wide dorsal stripe
South America
Family
Alsodidae
new family, fat front limbs, long toes and hind limbs
South America
Family
Microhylidae
pointed head, dark stripes down sides, fold behind head
worldwide except Europe and North Africa
Family
Microhylidae
pointed head, fold behind head (eyes)
worldwide except Europe and North Africa
Family
Microhylidae
pointed head, fold behind head(eyes)
worldwide except Europe and North Africa
Family
Mantellidae
small, dark, legs light with dark spots
Madagascar and Mayotte Island
Family
Hyperoliidae
toe disks, small, light brown, big dark eyes
sub-Saharan Africa, Seychelles, Madagascar
Family, genus, species
Ranidae
Rana aurora
dorsolateral folds, black blotches and flecks on back, jaw stripe doesn’t reach shoulder
coast of CA, Mendocino and north
Family, genus, species
Ranidae
Rana draytonii
long webbed toes, dorsolateral folds, black blotches on back
Mendocino and south on the coast, Central Valley, and Sierra Nevada foothills
Family, genus, species
Ranidae
Rana berlandieri
dark, speckled legs, long hind legs, dark eyes, dorsolateral folds deflect inwart towards groin
introduced species
Family, genus, species
Ranidae
Rana boylii
dark, small, webbed back feet, long legs, bumpy skin
Family, genus, species
Ranidae
Rana cascadae
small very dark spots on light bumpy skin, dorsolateral folds
Family, genus, species
Ranidae
Rana catesbeiana
bullfrog, gets large, no dorsolateral folds, tympanum larger than eye in males, fold around tympanum
type IV larvae
introduced species
Family, genus, species
Ranidae
Rana muscosa
vague dorsolateral folds, in jar, dark toe tips, light brown with darker speckling
Family, genus, species
Ranidae
Rana sierrae
similar to R. muscosa, limbs shorter compared to body
Northern Sierra Nevadas
Family
Rhacophoridae
square-ish light tipped nose, light brown w/ darker blotches, horizontal pupils
sub-Saharan Africa, Madagascar, South Asia
Family, genus, species
Ranidae
Rana pipiens
distinct dorsolateral folds, large dark spots on back w/ pale borders, striped rear legs
