Practical 1

Question 1

What geological time period are the fossils found around Cincinnati from?

Answer 1

Ordovician period

Question 2

What are examples of Cincinnati fossils?

Answer 2

Cephalopod squids and clam-like
brachiopods

Question 3

What is ecologically similar about all of the Cincinnati fossils?
What does this indicate
about the landscape of Ohio at the time these fossils were formed?

Answer 3

All the Cincinnati fossils are marine animals so Cincinnati was covered by a warm, shallow sea

Question 4

What are examples of other non-Cincinnati fossils?

Answer 4

Ammonites and early teleost fish

Question 5

what is the Cincinnati Arch?

Answer 5

The Cincinnati Arch is a phenomenon that pushed the rocks that contained these fossils up to the surface

Question 6

Anthozoans
(horn corals)

Answer 6

single large individual that attaches to sea floor and filter feeds

Question 7

Brachiopods
(lampshells)

Answer 7

marine bivalves that filter feeds through a lophophore

Question 8

Gastropods
(snails)

Answer 8

composed of soft tissue, muscular body enclosed by a spiral shell, grazers, the soft tissue body doesn’t fossilize well but the shell does not

Question 9

Cephalopods

Answer 9

active predators composed of a cone shaped calcium carbonate shell that fossilizes easily and soft tissue head

Question 10

Trilobites

Answer 10

marine arthropods distantly related to modern crabs and lobsters, scavengers that fed on dead creatures on sea floor

Question 11

Crinoids
(sea lilies)

Answer 11

animals related to sea urchins and starfish that are composed of a long stem with a complex feeding crown at the top

Question 12

How was categorical classification used in the 1700s to group organisms

Answer 12

based on morphology

Question 13

morphology

Answer 13

Physically similar

Question 13

how can morphology-based classification lead to errors

Answer 13

large variation in appearance in members of same species like male and females or young and adults

Question 13

What did Charles Darwin propose

Answer 13

grouping organisms based on evolutionary relationships
(phylogenetics)

Question 13

Taxa

Answer 13

groups mapped onto a tree and represent any categorical levels from linnaean classification

Question 13

phylogenetics

Answer 13

classification based on genetic info and physical similarity

Question 14

Nodes

Answer 14

intersections of branches

Question 15

Root

Answer 15

lowest part of the tree

Question 16

zygomatic arch tell us:

Answer 16

• good indication of diet
• larger arch means larger attached muscles and a tougher diet
• related to prognathism

Question 17

teeth tell us :

Answer 17

• indication of diet (omnivore v. carnivore)
• canine teeth is an indication of sexual dimorphism in gorillas
• social dominance and agression

Question 18

cranial capacity tells us:

Answer 18

• brain size

Question 19

What is the phylogenetic relatedness of Algaes, Bryophytes, Pterophytes,
Gymnosperms and Angiosperms

Answer 19

Furthest related
|—————————Algae
|——————–Bryophytes
|————–Pterophytes
|——–Gymnosperms
|—Angiosperms
Closest related
All Blue Pigs Go Away