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Practical 1 Flashcards

Learn back muscles, thoracic cavity, and organs

1
Q

What are the parts of the vertebral column?

A

7 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
sacrum
coccyx

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2
Q

What are the spinal curvatures?

A

thoracic and sacral (kyphosis)
cervical and lumbar (lordosis)

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3
Q

What are the parts of a vertebrae?

A

body, arch, pedicles, laminae, intervertebral foramen, and spinous, transverse and articular processes

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4
Q

What does the body and arch form?

A

vertebral foramen

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5
Q

What does a line of vertebral foramen form?

A

vertebral column

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6
Q

What forms the intervertebral discs?

A

annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposes

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7
Q

Functions of the intervertebral disc?

A
  1. hold vertebral bodies together
  2. shock absorption
  3. allow small movements that add to allow for greater movement
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8
Q

What are the vertebral ligaments?

A

anterior longitudinal and posterior longitudinal ligament, and ligaments flava

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9
Q

What are the characteristics of cervical vertebra?

A

small body
large and triangular vertebral foramen

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10
Q

What are the first two cervical vertebra?

A

C1 - atlas
C2 - axis

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11
Q

What are characteristics of thoracic vertebra?

A

increased body size T1-T12
small, circular foramen
long and strong transverse processes
long spinous processes

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12
Q

What are characteristics of lumbar vertebra?

A

large body
long, slender transverse process
short, sturdy spinous process

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13
Q

What are the superficial muscles of the back?

A

trapezius, latissimus dorsi, levator scapulae, and rhomboids (major and minor)

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14
Q

What is the origin of the trapezius muscle?

A

external occipital protuberance and spinous processes

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15
Q

What is the insertion of trapezius muscle?

A

lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula

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16
Q

Innervation of trapezius

A

spinal accessory nerve (CN-XI)

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17
Q

Trapezius actions

A

retract scapula and rotate scapula upward

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18
Q

Latissmus dorsi origin

A

lower thoracic vertebra spines, lower ribs, thoracolumbar fascia

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19
Q

Latissmus dorsi insertion

A

intertubercular groove of humerus

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20
Q

Latissmus dorsi innervation

A

thoracodorsal nerve

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21
Q

Latissmus dorsi action

A

adducts and medially rotate humerus

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22
Q

Levator scapulae origin

A

transverse process (C1-C4)

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23
Q

Levator scapulae insertion

A

medial border of scapula

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24
Q

Levator scapula innervation

A

dorsal scapular nerve

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25
Q

Levator scapula actions

A

elevate scapula and rotate scapula downward

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26
Q

Rhomboid major and minor origin

A

spinous process of upper vertebra

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27
Q

Rhomboids insertion

A

medial border of scapula

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28
Q

Rhomboids innvervation

A

dorsal scapular nerve

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29
Q

Rhomboids action

A

retract, elevate and rotate scapula downward

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30
Q

What are the intermediate group of muscles?

A

serratus posterior inferior and superior

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31
Q

Serratus posterior inferior origin

A

lower vertebra spinous process

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32
Q

Serratus posterior inferior insertion

A

ribs 9-12

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33
Q

Serratus posterior inferior insertion

A

ventral rami of spinal nerves

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34
Q

Serratus posterior inferior actions

A

proprioception/respiration

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35
Q

Serratus posterior superior origin

A

spinous processes

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36
Q

Serratus posterior superior insertion

A

ribs 2-5

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37
Q

Serratus posterior superior innervation

A

ventral rami of spinal nerves

38
Q

Serratus posterior superior action

A

elevate upper ribs

39
Q

What are deep muscles of the back?

A

splenius capitis and cervicis
erector spinaes

40
Q

Splenius capitis and cervicis origin

A

spinous processes

41
Q

Splenius capitis and cervicis insertion

A

mastoid and transverse processes

42
Q

Splenius capitis and cervicis innervation

A

dorsal rami of spinal nerves

43
Q

Splenius capitis and cervicis actions

A

uni: side bend and rotate head and neck to the same side
bi: extend head and neck

44
Q

Erector spinae muscles

A

iliocostalis, longissmus, and spinalis

45
Q

Erector spinae origin

A

iliac crest, sacrum surface

46
Q

Erector spinae insertion

A

lower ribs and processes

47
Q

Erector spinae innervation

A

dorsal rami of spinal nerves

48
Q

Erector spinae actions

A

uni: side bend and rotate head and neck to same side
bi: extend head and neck

49
Q

What are the muscles of the transversospinalis group?

A

semispinalis, multifidus, and rotatores

50
Q

Semispinalis origin

A

transverse process

51
Q

Semispinalis insertion

A

spinous process

52
Q

Semispinalis innervation

A

dorsal rami of cervical and thoracic spinal nerves

53
Q

Semispinalis actions

A

side bend spine and head to same side and rotate to opposite side

54
Q

Multifidis origin

A

articular processes

55
Q

Multifidis insertion

A

spinous processes

56
Q

Multifidis innervation

A

dorsal rami of spinal nerves

57
Q

Multifidis action

A

uni: side bend same side and rotate opposite side
bi: extend spine

58
Q

Rotatores origin

A

transverse process

59
Q

Rotatores insertion

A

spinous process

60
Q

Rotatores innervation

A

dorsal rami of spinal nerves

61
Q

Rotatores actions

A

uni: side bend same side and rotate opposite
bi: extend spine

62
Q

What is the conus medullaris?

A

most inferior end of spinal cord that is tapered

63
Q

What is the filum terminale?

A

filament that anchors spinal cord to coccyx

64
Q

What is the cauda equina?

A

sacral nerves bunched together before leaving dural sac

65
Q

Where are intercostal muscles of the thoracic wall?

A

lie between two ribs

66
Q

What are the intercostal muscles?

A

external, internal, and innermost

67
Q

External intercostal muscles origin and insertion

A

down and forward to adjacent ribs, “hands in pockets”

68
Q

External intercostal muscles innervation

A

intercostal nerves

69
Q

External intercostal muscles action

A

elevate during inspiration

70
Q

Internal intercostal muscles origin and insertion

A

attach down and backward, “hands on chest”

71
Q

Internal intercostal muscles innervation

A

intercostal nerves

72
Q

Internal intercostal muscles actions

A

depress lungs in expiration

73
Q

Innermost intercostal muscles origin and insertion

A

down and backwards

74
Q

Innermost intercostal muscles innervation

A

internal intercostal nerves

75
Q

Innermost intercostal muscles action

A

depress during expiration

76
Q

Transversus thoracis origin

A

sternal surface

77
Q

Transversus thoracis insertion

A

costal cartilages

78
Q

Transversus thoracis innervation

A

intercostal nerves

79
Q

Transversus thoracis action

A

depress cartilage during expiration

80
Q

Levator costarum origin

A

transverse process of vertebra

81
Q

Levator costarum insertion

A

ribs below

82
Q

Levator costarum innervation

A

dorsal rami of spinal nerves

83
Q

Levator costarum action

A

elevate ribs during inspiration

84
Q

Pectoralis major origin

A

sternum, clavicle

85
Q

Pectoralis major insertion

A

intertubercular sulcus of humerus

86
Q

Pectoralis major innervation

A

medial and lateral pectoral nerves

87
Q

Pectoralis major action

A

adduction and medial rotation of humerus

88
Q

Pectoralis minor origin

A

ribs (3-5)

89
Q

Pectoralis minor insertion

A

coracoid process

90
Q

Pectoralis minor innervation

A

medial pectoral nerve

91
Q

Pectoralis minor action

A

stabilize and move scapula anteroinferiorly

92
Q

What is the innervation of the lungs?

A

vagus nerve (CN X) and sumpathetic trunks

advanced anatomy practical 1 (1 decks)

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