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Anatomy and Physiology Practicals > Practical 1 > Flashcards

Practical 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Where would you place a stethoscope to hear the closure of tricuspid valve

A

by the right 5th rib

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2
Q

Where would you place a stethoscope to hear the closure of the aortic valve

A

2nd and 3rd rib

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3
Q

Where would you place a stethoscope to hear mitral valve closing

A

5th rib on left

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4
Q

Is the volume the same between the atria and ventricles why or why nor

A

volume is not the same b/c atria push blood to ventricles and ventricles are bigger

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5
Q

what is the purpose of the chordae tendinae and papillary muscles

A

end systolic position of AV

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6
Q

An increase in P-R is

A

an AV node block

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7
Q

An increase in QRS complex is what

A

bundle branch block

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8
Q

An increase in Q-T interval is

A

out of phase ventricular contraction

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9
Q

what does an increase in venous blood flow cause

A

fast ECG

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10
Q

Einthovens law

A

deflection in 1 lead can be predicted from the deflections of the other 2

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11
Q

Left axis deviation is between

A

-30 to -90 in the frontal direction left ventricle enlargement

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12
Q

Right axis deviation is between

A

90 and 180 right ventricle hypertrophy or damage to right side conducting system

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13
Q

What are the components of blood

A

plasma RBC leukocytes and platelets

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14
Q

what is the pH of blood

A

7.35-7.45

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15
Q

what is the most abundant plasma protein

A

albumin acts as a buffer

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16
Q

What are in the buffy coat

A

leukocytes and platelets

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17
Q

Lifespan and function of RBCs

A

120 days O2 carriers

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18
Q

Lifespan and function of Neutrophils

A

less than 24 hours, parasites

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19
Q

Lifespan and function of eosinophils

A

less than 24 hours fungal infections

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20
Q

Lifespan and function of basophils

A

less than 24 hours allergies

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21
Q

Lifespan and function of lymphocytes

A

less than 10 days, t cells and b cells

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22
Q

Lifespan and function of monocytes

A

less than 10 days macrophages

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23
Q

Lifespan and function of platelets

A

7-10 days, clotting

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24
Q

What release histamine to promote inflammation at site of injury

A

basophil

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25
Q

What transform into plasma cells and secrete antibodies

A

lymphocytes

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26
Q

What release antibiotic like proteins to destroy bacterial invaders

A

neutrophils

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27
Q

What transform into tissue macrophages and activate lymphocyte mediated immune responses

A

monocytes

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28
Q

What initiate and immune response in organ rejection

A

neutrophils

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29
Q

what kills tape worms

A

eosinophils

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30
Q

What is the normal range for hematocrit

A

47 males 42 females

31
Q

What are the percentages of blood

A

2% WBC, 35% RBC, and 63% plasma

32
Q

What is a pituitary giant

A

excess growth hormone

33
Q

where are posterior pituitary hormones synthesized

A

hypothalamus

34
Q

Adrenal cortex makes what

A

gluccocorticoids

35
Q

Adrenal medulla makes what

A

epi and norepi

36
Q

What are 3 primary pathogens in lab

A

HIV hep B hep C

37
Q

Besides blood what are other infectious materials

A

body fluids, semen, urine, unfixed tissues

38
Q

How can disease be transmitted in the lab

A

percutaneous injury, mucous membrane contact, direct inoculation

39
Q

What happens to a fish when placed in insulin

A

enters a coma

40
Q

What happens to a fish placed in glucose

A

resumes normal activity

41
Q

What affect does Epi have on the heart

A

increased force of contraction

42
Q

What affect does Ach have on heart

A

decreases heart rate

43
Q

What are exocrine glands

A

secrete through ducts or openings to a body surface

44
Q

What does the zona glomerulosa produce

A

aldosterone, mineral

45
Q

What does the zona fasciculata produce

A

cortisol, glucco

46
Q

What does the zona reticularis produce

A

androgens

47
Q

what artery is used to take blood pressure

A

brachial

48
Q

What are the sounds of Kortkoff

A

turbulent flow as you release pressure on the artery

49
Q

What causes the dicrotic notch

A

backflow of blood from the aorta when the ventricle relaxes

50
Q

How do you calculate pulse pressure

A

top number minus bottom number

51
Q

How do you calculate MAP

A

bottom number plus 1/3 of pulse pressure

52
Q

What artery is palpated at the wrist

A

radial

53
Q

What artery is palpated at the neck

A

carotid

54
Q

what artery is palpated at the front of the ear

A

superficial temporal

55
Q

Which pressure point has the greatest amplitude and why

A

carotid closest to heart

56
Q

what happens to blood pressure when a damaged aortic valve can not close properly

A

increase in pulse pressure decrease in blood pressure because blood is flowing back into the ventricle making the diastolic number lower

57
Q

What makes the lub sound

A

AV valves closing

58
Q

What makes the dub sound

A

semilunar valves closing

59
Q

What is the tunica intima made of

A

simple squamous

60
Q

what is the tunica media made of

A

smooth muscle

61
Q

What is the tunica externa made of

A

connective tissue

62
Q

what is the function of precapillary sphincters

A

open and close capillary beds

63
Q

When are capillary beds open

A

when the tissue is active

64
Q

What is IgG used for

A

most common used for bacterial and viral infections

65
Q

What is IgA used for

A

inn mucous membranes has a joining chain

66
Q

what kind of cells are in the medulla of the lymph node

A

dendritic cells and reticular cells

67
Q

what cells make up germinal cells

A

t cells and b cells

68
Q

what cells arrive first at an injury site

A

phagocytes

69
Q

Why does an infection worsen as altitude decreases

A

better environment for bacterial growth

70
Q

how are macrophages and t cells different

A

macrophages eat the cells and signal T cells and B cells T cells mediate the immune response

71
Q

How are antibodies made

A

b cells become plasma cells that make antibodies

72
Q

How do antibodies work

A

bind to the pathogen to mark it to be destroyed

73
Q

Why do t cells dock to macrophages

A

to recognize and display part of a pathogen

Anatomy and Physiology Practicals (1 decks)

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