Practical 1 Flashcards
Name the origin, termination, and action of each muscle.
Superficial Pectoral- (descending and transverse pectoral)
Origin: sternum
Termination: crest of greater tubercle and cranial humeral border
Action: adduct the thoracic limb
Deep (ascending) pectoral
Origin: sternum.
Termination: greater and lesser tubercles of humerus.
Action: adduct thoracic limb and pull it caudally.
Brachiocephalicus
Origin: clavicular intersection.
Termination:
cleidobrachialis: distal cranial humerus
cleidocephalicus:
mastoid part: mastoid process of temporal bone
cervical part: dorsal midline of neck
Action: pull thoracic limb cranially (and/or) depress and pull head and neck laterally
Omotransversarius
Origin: wing of the atlas
Termination: distal spine of the scapula
Action: pull thoracic limb cranially (and/or) depress and pull head and neck laterally
Trapezius
Origin: cervical part: dorsal neck thoracic part: dorsal thorax Termination: spine of the scapula Action: elevate the thoracic limb
Rhomboideus
Origin: rhomboideus thoracis: dorsal thorax rhomboideus cervicis: dorsal neck rhomboideus capitis: occipital bone Termination: dorsal border of scapula and/or scapular cartilage Action: elevate the thoracic limb
Serratus ventralis
Origin:
serratus ventralis cervicis: cervical vertebrae
serratus ventralis thoracis: thoracic wall (ribs)
Termination: serrated face of scapula
Action: support and/or elevate the trunk
Latissimus dorsi
Origin: thoracolumbar fascia
Termination: teres major tuberosity
Action: draw the thoracic limb caudally, flex or extend the humeral joint
Sternocephalicus
Origin: sternum
Termination:
mastoid part: mastoid process of temporal bone
occipital part: occipital bone
Action: depress head and neck; draw head and neck laterally
Sternohyoideus
Origin: sternum
Termination: basihyoid bone
Action: pull tongue and larynx caudally
Sternothyroideus
Origin: cranial aspect of sternum or ribcage
Termination: thyroid cartilage
Action: pull tongue and larynx caudally
Deltoideus
Origin: spine of scapula and acromion
Termination: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Action: flex the humeral joint
Supraspinatus
Origin: supraspinous fossa of the scapula
Termination: greater tubercle of the humerus
Action: extend the humeral joint
Infraspinatus
Origin: infraspinous fossa of the scapula
Termination: greater tubercle of the humerus
Action: flex the humeral joint; abduct the limb at the humeral joint
Teres minor
Origin: caudal border of scapula
Termination: teres minor tuberosity of the humerus
Action: flex the humeral joint
Subscapularis
Origin: subscapular fossa of scapula
Termination: lesser tubercle of humerus
Action: adduct limb at humeral joint
Teres major
Origin: caudal border of scapula
Termination: teres major tuberosity of humerus
Action: flex the humeral joint
Coracobrachialis
Origin: coracoid process of scapula
Termination: crest of the lesser tubercle of the humerus
Action: adduct limb at shoulder
Biceps brachii
Origin: supraglenoid tubercle
Termination: radial and ulnar tuberosities
Action: flex the cubital joint and extend the humeral joint
Brachialis
Origin: brachial groove of humerus
Termination: proximal radius and/or ulna
Action: flex the cubital joint
Triceps brachii
Origin: caudal border of scapula (long head); proximal humerus (other heads)
Termination: tuber olecrani
Action: extend the cubital joint (all heads); flex the humeral joint (long head)
Tensor fasciae antebrachii
Origin: latissimus dorsi and fascia on caudal border of scapula
Termination: tuber olecrani
Action: extend the cubital joint (and tense the deep antebrachial fascia)
Anconeus
Origin: caudal aspect of the distal humerus
Termination: tuber olecrani
Action: extend the cubital joint
Extensor carpi radialis
Origin: lateral epicondyle of the humerus (and its crest)
Termination: dorsal base of second and third metacarpal bones
Action: extend the carpal joints and flex the cubital joint
Common digital extensor
Origin: lateral epicondyle of the humerus
Termination: extensor processes of the distal phalanges
Action: extend the carpal and digital joints
Lateral digital extensor
Origin: lateral epicondyle of the humerus
Termination: distal phalanges (also the proximal and/or middle phalanges) of
lateral digit(s)
Action: extend the carpal joints and the digital joints of the lateral most digits
Ulnaris lateralis
Origin: lateral epicondyle of the humerus
Termination: accessory carpal bone and lateral base of fifth metacarpal bone
Action: flex the carpal joints; abduct the manus
Supinator
Origin: lateral epicondyle of the humerus
Termination: body of radius
Action: supination of the manus
Abductor pollicis longus
Origin: proximal antebrachium (ulna)
Termination: medial metacarpus
Action: abduct the first digit
Brachioradialis
Origin: lateral epicondyle of the humerus
Termination: fascia near the carpus
Action: flexes the cubital joint and supinates the manus
Flexor carpi radialis
Origin: medial epicondyle of the humerus
Termination: palmar base of metacarpal bones 2 and 3
Action: flex the carpal joints
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Origin: medial epicondyle and olecranon
Termination: accessory carpal bone
Action: flex the carpal joints
Superficial digital flexor
Origin: medial epicondyle of the humerus
Termination: middle phalanges of the digits (palmar aspects)
Action: flex the carpal joints, meatacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints
Deep digital flexor
Origin: humerus (medial epicondyle), radius, ulna. (The radial head may be absent in eq.)
Termination: flexor tubercles of distal phalanges
Action: flex the carpal and digital joints
Pronator teres
Origin: medial epicondyle of the humerus
Termination: medial body of radius
Action: weak elbow flexion and weak pronation of the manus
Pronator quadratus
Attachments: apposed surfaces of the radius and the ulna
Action: pronation of the manus
Muscles of the Manus
Interosseous muscles
Extrinsic Muscles of the Thoracic Limb (8)
Superficial pectoral Deep (ascending) Brachiocephalicus Omotransversarius Trapezius Rhomboideus Serratus ventralis Latissimus dorsi
Muscles of Ventral Neck (3)
Sternocephalicus
Sternohyoideus
Sternothyroideus
Intrinsic Muscles of the Thoracic Limb
Lateral Muscles of the Shoulder) (4
Deltoideus
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Intrinsic Muscles of the Thoracic Limb
Medial Muscles of the Shoulder) (3
Subscapularis
Teres major
Coracobrachialis
Intrinsic Muscles of the Thoracic Limb
Cranial Muscles of the Brachium) (2
Biceps brachii
Brachialis
Intrinsic Muscles of the Thoracic Limb
Caudal Muscles of the Brachium) (3
Triceps brachii
Tensor fasciae antebrachii
Anconeus
Intrinsic Muscles of the Thoracic Limb
Craniolateral Antebrachial Muscles) (7
Extensor carpi radialis Common digital extensor Lateral digital extensor Ulnaris lateralis Supinator Abductor pollicis longus Brachioradialis
Intrinsic Muscles of the Thoracic Limb
Caudomedial Antebrachial Muscles) (6
Flexor carpi radialis Flexor carpi ulnaris Superficial digital flexor Deep digital flexor Pronator teres Pronator quadratus
