Prac Report

Question 1

TDCCW

Answer 1

Trend:

• The average titration volumes for the antacids seem to increase as the concentration of NaHCO3 in the antacids increases.

Data:

• discuss data

comparison:

• can use percentages

Cause of this data:

• talk about methyl orange and equivalence point

Why us methyl orange:

• cos weak base strong acid

Question 2

PSR

Answer 2

Practical improvements:

• potentiometric titrator

Systematic errors:

• improper calibration of equipment (such as incorrectly labelled pipette)
• incorrect endpoint detection (there may be a continous incorrect judgement of the end points)
• relate this to how it can effect accuracy because they are consistent and repeatable errors that persist throughout the entire experiment.
• can be minimized through ensuring that equipment is properly calibrated and slow drops and the end

Random

• air bubble in burette tip (happens once!!)
• inconsistently reading burette
• Random errors cause data points to scatter or deviate from the true value in a random manner.
• more trials

Question 3

Conclusion

Answer 3

In conclusion, this titration experiment demonstrated a clear correlation between antacid effectiveness and the concentration of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3).

Antacids with higher NaHCO3 concentrations required more hydrochloric acid (HCl) for neutralization.

Therefore, Antacid 5, with the highest NaHCO3 concentration, emerged as the most effective in countering excess stomach acidity, aligning with the investigation’s aim to identify the most effective antacid.