Prac 1 Flashcards
What is another name for a bubble diagram?
An adjacency diagram.
What is another name for a floor plan?
A construction plan.
How do you get the lighting power density of a space/building?
Watts /sq ft
What is proxemics?
The spacing between people and how people use space.
What is one of the most important things in design as far as expense?
Plumbing. Try to keep plumbing lines towards the center/core of the building.
What is an efficiency factor?
The ratio of net areas to the total gross area of the space. Remember Net area does not include circulation, just the amount of space needing for a particular purpose.
What is the size of a door that has the minimum clearance width required for accessibly?
And what is the minimum clearance/clear opening?
36” - 32” +2” +2” (per door frame).
32” for the clear opening.
Each accessible room must include?
Clear floor area for a minimum 5’ turning radius.
What are vocations or vocational rooms/occupancies?
Spaces dedicated to a particular vocation or career specific, such as a studio for design or architecture.
Exit signs are required at all exit access doors and where the direction to an exit is not clear. What would be another space to require exit signs?
In spaces with two or more exit doors, such as a classroom.
Construction Documents must be of sufficient clarity to indicate:
The location, nature, and extent of proposed work and how it will conform to the code.
What are some types of construction items that must be shown of a RCP?
Fire-rated partitions, ceiling height partitions, smoke detectors, and supply air registers.
What is typically included in door schedules?
Door Type (wood, hollow metal, etc), hardware, thickness of door, sizes, details (head, jamb, sill), and fire ratings.
Door finish is not the same as door type.
Which drawings would be the best for an ID to show electrical and communication outlets?
Electrical plan and combined power/and communication plan.
For large commercial projects, a floor plan is not an appropriate place to show outlet locations. As well it may be harder to read on a furniture plan.
PPI Case Study 1 - #37
What type of glass is used for safety glazing?
And which is more expensive?
Laminated and tempered.
Laminated glass is more expensive.
What is a more durable door frame option? Hollow metal or aluminum?
Hollow metal would be better to withstand abuse. Aluminum can be dented and scratched and will also cost more than a hollow metal frame.
Why is it important to understand the construction types of buildings?
To understand the fire protection of structural elements.
In the end, building construction types will influence the building’s purpose, occupant load, square footage, height, proximity to other structures, windows, exit placements, fire resistance, and the need for sprinklers.
What is occupancy classification vs occupancy type?
Occupancy classification usually refers to an entire building. Occupancy type usually refers to individual spaces in a building.
The two most important factors in determining the number of exits required for a particular room or space are:
The occupancy and the occupant load.
The number of exits is based on the occupant load of the space or building. Use the occupant load tables in the building codes to determine the occupant load of the area requiring exits.
If determining the required number of exits for an entire building, the occupant load must be calculated for each floor or story.
Each floor is considered separately.
Graphical tools such as matrices and bubble diagrams are used in both programming and schematic phases of design. What is the difference in usage?
These are used in programming for data analysis compared to potential layouts.
Designers can use bubble diagrams in _______ to explore functional relationships. They can also use these during _______ to test spatial relationships.
Programming.
Schematic design.
To differentiate which phase a designer may be in, determine what purpose or information the designer seeks as the outcome.
What are design development sketches?
They are used after a schematic plan as been created and fixtures/products have been designed.
What are the differences between Ergonomics, Anthropometrics, and Proxemics?
Ergonomics - The application of knowledge of human physiology to the design of the physical environment. Actual products
Anthropometrics - The measurement of the human body, it can form the basis of ergonomic design of products. The idea for products
Proxemics - Relates to how people use a space, may suggest size and spacing of products.
When are two doors required for a space?
When there is an occupant load greater than 49.
When determining if a corridor is in question for proper sizing per code, how do you determine if it is the correct width?
Remember the minimum widths for spaces 6’ ADA turning radius, 44” typical, 36” minimum for under 49 occupant load. 32” if it is under 24” depth.
Remember that doors need 18” on the pull side and 12” on the push side.
Countertops and sinks cannot be higher than?
34”H. Exceptions are reception desks - 36”H
Clear floor space requirements between furniture for walls?
36”W and 48”D.
What is equivalent facilitation?
The use of designs, products, or technologies as alternatives to those prescribed, resulting in substantially equivalent or greater accessibility and usability.
Using something else or someone to help make a situation or design experience equal for everyone.
For BOMA, when are measurements taken to the inside face of the glass?
When 50% or more of the exterior glazing/window wall is comprised of glass.
How to determine load factor?
Trick question - the building owner determines the load factor and will give it to the designer for the rentable area.
Load factor accounts for each tenant’s share of the common areas - including the public corridor, restrooms, mechanical rooms, and elevator lobbies.
The load factor is multiplied by the tenant’s gross occupied area to get the rentable area.
Glazing in rated partitions and doors must be?
Fire-resistant-rated and carry the same fire rating as the partition or door that they are in.
What is the purpose of fire-resistive glazing?
Fire-resistive glazing prevents the spread of flames and smoke, and also blocks the transfer of radiant and conductive heat.
When selecting fire-resistive-rated glass, what are some important factors to consider?
The first consideration is the required fire rating for a specific application.
-Size limitations (must be confirmed with manufacturer - think panel walls).
-Ability to pass a hose stream test (for thermal shock).
-Impact rating (for use in hazardous locations).
-Requirements for heat barrier (to both radiant and conductive heat transfer).
-Framing is also critical (can use std. hollow metal, steel, aluminum, butt-jointed! And even some wood meets fire rating requirements).
In the US, the host stream test is required for glass with fire ratings greater than 20 minutes.
What type of tempered glass meets code requirements?
1/4” of tempered glass meets code requirements. 3/8” also meets code requirements; however, this would add expense and be unnecessary.
PPI Case Study 2: Question 67.
What are important types of information to include with a furniture schedule?
-Reused versus new (if applicable).
-Generic furniture description.
-Unique identifying number.
-Manufacturer’s catalog number.
What types of partitions (walls) are used for toilet rooms?
Acoustic.
What is part of an acoustic partition?
Slab to slab construction, acoustic sealant at floor and structure above, acoustic insulation, provisions for a slip joint at structure above.
What is a slip joint?
Slip joints in large structures are used to allow the independent motion of large components while enabling them to be joined in some way.
What is another name for a slip joint?
A relief joint.
In what seismic categories is special detailing required for the ceiling?
Seismic design categories C, D, E, and F.
No special detailing considerations are required in either category A or B.
What is another name for a key plan?
Why is this important for CDs to have one when proposing to the AHJ?
A location plan, different from a site plan.
It is necessary to show how the proposed space relates to the building - specifically the exits of a building as a whole (AHJ). This way the AHJ can verify egress requirements, such as travel distance.
The AHJ needs construction documents from the designer to provide sufficient clarity to indicate the location, nature, and extent of proposed work and how it will conform to the code.
Who develops a power plan?
The electrical engineer.
Who develops a sprinkler plan?
Trick question :)
This would be shown on an RCP to show the coordination of sprinklers with other ceiling mounted items.
This is created by the mechanical engineer or fire protection engineer.
When one thermostat controls several rooms, where should it generally be located?
In the space that is used most often.
Thermostat should also be located away from exterior walls, windows, heat sources, and other areas that adversely affect their operation.
BUT, it also needs to be able to respond to temperature swings caused by exterior windows and occupant load. Just not too close.
What are some ways to improve the acoustics of a door?
It is important to seal all openings and cracks. Ie. perimeter seals and automatic door bottom.
In what scenario would an acoustic door be utilized?
These specialty doors are typically used in critical situations, such as a recording studio.
What is nylon carpet?
Economical and wear resistant, good for application that will have heavy use. It is stain resistant and cleans easily.
When is olefin carpet used?
It is used for an indoor/outdoor carpet use.
A stretched in carpet application requires?
A cushion.
May present accessibility issues.
PPI Case Study 2 Question 95.
Where would epoxy paint be utilized?
In applications where resistance to corrosion and chemicals is required.
What type of gypsum board is fire rated?
Type X.
What is the minimum fire resistance rating for Type I construction?
Type II?
2 hrs.
1 hr.
Basics of BOMA:
What are net, circulation, useable, rentable, and gross areas?
Net Area is the space required for the function in the space or the program area.
Two types of circulation areas: primary and secondary.
-Primary circulation is the main route connecting the building core and common spaces, such as public corridors, elevator lobbies, exit stairs, and core toilets.
-Secondary circulation space is the private circulation area that connects to the primary circulation areas and public corridors, such as the aisles between individual and support spaces.
Usable area is the floor area the tenant uses—the space taken up by furniture and people.
Rentable Area is the floor area that the tenant pays rent on.
Gross area is the floor area within the building’s exterior face or boundary, including the thickness of the exterior wall. It is the total constructed space.
The building owner determines the _______ used to calculate the _______.
Load factor.
Rentable area.
Generally, the circulation area comprises _______ of the total usable area.
25 to 40%
What is Circulation Multiplier vs efficiency factor?
-Circulation Multiplier is the inverse of the efficiency factor.
-Net area NSF can be multiplied by either the inverse of the efficiency factor or the circulation multiplier to determine the occupant area.
-A circulation multiplier represents the net area (programmed space) divided by the circulation area (calculated from the plan) or NSF / CIRCULATION AREA.
The ratio of open to enclosed workspaces correlates to the required circulation area. Circulation multipliers will typically range between 1.4 and 1.6.
-Efficiency factor is used to calculate the gross area.
The efficiency factor for leased space is the ratio of the net area to the total occupant area.
Efficiency factors are expressed as a percentage (70% or 85%) or equivalent decimals (0.30 or 0.15).
The MORE efficient the building is, the LESS overall square footage is needed.
The MORE efficient the building is, the _______ overall square footage is needed.
LESS.
A building with an intricate facade of many bays, curves, or other features is almost always _______ efficient than a large rectangular, box-like suburban building with a simplified central core and large floor plates.
LESS.
Incidental space is?
The project area not occupied by the client, like closets, structural columns, and walls, but is needed to create the client’s overall space plan — the extra area is NOT explicitly called out in your programmed space requirements or totals.
What are Building Service Area, Floor Service Area, and Building Amenity Area?
The Building Service Area provides necessary services or circulation for normal operation.
The Floor Service Area provides services or circulation required for the normal operation of the building.
The Building Amenity Area is shared among tenants and includes shared conference rooms, food service facilities, health or fitness centers, and daycare facilities.
Other than in Type I building construction, the absence of a fully automatic sprinkler system:
Restricts the amount of allowable square footage in a building of any type of construction.
When determining how much space per occupant would you use to calculate the occupant load, what needs to be considered?
The specific use of the space must be considered not the occupancy classification (whole space).
