PR2 Reviewer Flashcards
It refers to the number of elements in the population that is included in the study
Sample Size
An individual that represents the entire population
Sample
It refers to a group of individual that the researcher is interest in studying it usually has common or similar characteristics
Population
It refers to a complete list of all cases in the population from which the sample will be drawn
Sampling Frame
a way of engaging in scientific search through methods and processes aimed at discovery/rule of thumb
heuristics
Selective, intentional/selected based on characteristics
Purposive sampling
Participants recruit other participants for a test. it is used where participants are hard to find
Snowball sampling
a subgroup in a sample
Strata
What is the difference between Population and Sample?
The population is everyone while the sample is specific
Format of an Introduction
Problem - Solution
a survey that
- only composes of descriptive questions
- research participants/respondents are many as they represent a whole population
Descriptive survey
Usually one or very low participants/respondents are enough as the case is unusual
Descriptive - Case study
Composed of descriptive questions and a relationship based research question
Descriptive - Correlational
A systematic and scientific approach to research in which the research manipulates on variable
Experimental Research
Random assignment
True Experimental
No Random Assignment
Quasi Experimental
Example: Teachers should be encouraged to conduct research work and collaborate with other teachers in the prepeartion of modules, guides and other instructional materials
Policy Recommendation
Example: More research on the effects of playing computer games must be conducted in the future
Recommendations for future research directions
Example: Hire more qualified teachers in the area of science and technology
Recommendations to problems in the study
- Officers not able to manage their activities
- Designate roles for each/Leadership Training
- SSLG
- Findings
- Recommendation
- Implementers
Mutually exclusive/Homogenous, Non-overlapping (Sampling Technique)
Stratified Sampling
Measures what it intends to measure
Validity
Consistency or the results
The instrument’s prior use and tested reliability are important. Pilot Testing is done
Reliability
A ____ instrument is always ____
A valid instrument is always reliable
In senior high school, all the students were given a pretest at the beginning of the semester. and then at the end of the semester, all the students were given a posttest a. the content of the pretest and post test were the same. what type of reliability is applied in this scenario?
a. Construct Validity
b. Stability/Test-Retest
b. Stability/Test-Retest
Measuring Device/Product
Instrument
Process of developing a measuring device/Process
Instrumentation
What method refers to collecting data through a checklist and rating scale that helps the researchers simplify and quantify respondents’ behaviors and attitudes?
a. Observation
b. Survey Questionnaire
a. Observation
A group of SHS students conducted a research study to assess the perception of the students on the tourist spots in Pasig. What data collection method is used in this scenario?
a. Observation
b. Survey Questionnaire
b. Survey Questionnaire
Which of the following shows the correct
advantage of using a webpage questionnaire?
a. It establishes rapport between researcher and respondent.
b. It is much quicker and less detailed.
b. It is much quicker and less detailed.
“Basta makapasa”
Criterion-Referenced
“Pasok sa upper group”/Common
Norm-Referenced
Measures whether a student has mastered specific skills or knowledge based on a fixed standard (criterion). It doesn’t compare students to each other. For example, “Did you score at least 75% to pass?”
Criterion-Referenced Test
ompares a student’s performance to other students. It shows where they rank in a group, like “You scored better than 80% of the test-takers.”
Norm-Referenced Test
Most college schools conduct an entrance exam to determine the students’ abilities and skills. Also, the result of the entrance test could help the school if the students attained the standards set by the school. What type of test would the entrance exam be classified?
a. Norm-referenced Test
b. Criterion-referenced test
b. Criterion-referenced test
What is TRUE about descriptive data analysis?
a. It is used to make prediction of what would be the possible outcome of the study.
b. It is used to simply describe what is or what the data shows
b. It is used to simply describe what is or what the data shows
Gaano kalayo ang data sa mean or average
Standard Deviation
The average/Add everything then divide
Mean
Lowest to highest/Pick the middle, if there’s 2, find the mean of both
Median
Most frequent
Mode
Is used to determine that a given hypothesis is true (It requires inferential statistics)
Hypothesis Testing
What type of data analysis is used in hypothesis testing?
Inferential analysis
Which of the following topics could hypothesis testing be applicable?
a. Effectiveness of self-learning modules in enhancing students’ study habits
b. Perception of the students on distance learning
a. Effectiveness of self-learning modules in enhancing students’ study habits
Which of the following best describes positive correlation?
a. When one variable increases, the other variables decrease.
b. When one variable increases, the other variables increase as well.
b. When one variable increases, the other variables increase as well.
