PR2

Question 1

more systematic and
controlled than qualitative.

Answer 1

Quantitative research

Question 2

defined as the logical and coherent
overall strategy that the researcher uses to integrate all
the components of the research study (Barrot, 2017, p
102).

Answer 2

Research design

Question 3

It is a design that is exploratory in nature. The
purpose is basically to
answer questions such as who, what, where,
when, and how much. So, this design is best used
when the main objective of the study is just to observe
and report a certain phenomenon as it is happening

Answer 3

DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH

Question 4

This design seeks to establish an association between
variables. It does not seek cause and effect
relationship like descriptive research; it measures
variables as it occurs. It has two major purposes: (a)
to clarify the relationship between variables and (b)
predict the magnitude of the association.

Answer 4

CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH

Question 5

objective of the study is to measure a cause
from a pre-existing effect, this
research design is more appropriate to use. In this
design, the researcher has no control over the
variables in the research study. Thus, one cannot
conclude that the changes measured happen during the
actual conduct of the study.

Answer 5

EX POST FACTO

Question 6

This research design aims to measure the causal
relationship between variables. The effect measured
is considered to have occurred during the conduct of

Answer 6

QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL

Question 7

This research design is based on the scientific
method called experiment with a procedure of
gathering data under a controlled or manipulated
environment. It is also known as true experimental
design since it applies treatment and manipulation
more extensively compared to quasi-experimental
design,

Answer 7

EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH

Question 8

TWO TYPES OF POPULATION

Answer 8

TARGET POPULATION
ACCESSIBLE POPULATION

Question 9

actual
population

Answer 9

TARGET POPULATION

Question 10

portion of
the population in which the researcher has
reasonable access.

Answer 10

ACCESSIBLE POPULATION

Question 11

systematic process of selecting the
group to be analyzed in the research study.

Answer 11

SAMPLING

Question 12

representative subset of the population

Answer 12

SAMPLE

Question 13

refers to the rule of the thumb

Answer 13

HEURISTICS

Question 14

being established for the
computation of an acceptable sample size.

Answer 14

FORMULAS

Question 15

common formula

Answer 15

Slovin’s Formula.

Question 16

This approach is founded on the principle of
power analysis. There are two principles you
need to consider if you are going to use this
approach: these are statistical power and
effect size.

Answer 16

POWER ANALYSIS

Question 17

It is a way of choosing individuals in which all
members of the accessible population are given
an equal chance to be selected.

Answer 17

SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLING

Question 18

also gives an equal chance to all
members of the population to be chosen.
* However, the population is first divided into
strata or groups before selecting the samples.

Answer 18

STRATIFIED RANDOM SAMPLING

Question 19

This procedure is usually applied in large-scale
studies, geographical spread out of the population
is a challenge, and gathering information will be
very time-consuming.

Answer 19

CLUSTER SAMPLING

Question 20

This procedure is as simple as selecting samples
every nth (example every 2nd, 5th) of the chosen
population until arriving at a desired total number
of sample size. Therefore, the selection is based on
a predetermined interval. Dividing the population
size by the sample size, the interval will be
obtained.

Answer 20

SYSTEMATIC
RANDOM SAMPLING

Question 21

CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD RESEARCH
INSTRUMENT

Answer 21

CONCISE
SEQUENTIAL
VALID AND RELIABLE
EASILY TABULATED

Question 22

WAYS IN DEVELOPING RESEARCH
INSTRUMENT

Answer 22

1. Adopting an Instrument
2. Modifying an Existing Instrument
3. Researcher Made his Own Instrument

Question 23

most common scale used in
quantitative research. Respondents were asked to
rate or rank statements according to the scale
provided.

Answer 23

LIKERT SCALE

Question 24

In this scale, a series of bipolar adjectives will be
rated by the respondents. This scale seems to be
more advantageous since it is more flexible and
easier to construct.

Answer 24

SEMANTIC DIFFERENTIAL

Question 25

COMMON SCALES USED IN QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH

Answer 25

*LIKERT SCALE
*SEMANTIC DIFFERENTIAL

Question 26

TYPES OF VALIDITY OF INSTRUMENT

Answer 26

• FACE VALIDITY
  *CONTENT VALIDITY
  *CONSTRUCT VALIDITY
  *CONCURRENT VALIDITY
  *PREDICTIVE VALIDITY

Question 27

It is also known as “logical validity.” It calls for
an initiative judgment of the instruments as it
“appear.” Just by looking at the instrument, the
researcher decides if it is valid.

Answer 27

FACE VALIDITY

Question 28

An instrument that is judged with content
validity meets the objectives of the study. It is
done by checking the statements or questions if
this elicits the needed information.

Answer 28

CONTENT VALIDITY

Question 29

It refers to the validity of instruments as it
corresponds to the theoretical construct of the
study. It is concerning if a specific measure
relates to other measures.

Answer 29

CONSTRUCT VALIDITY

Question 30

When the instrument can predict results similar
to those similar tests already validated, it has
concurrent validity.

Answer 30

CONCURRENT VALIDITY

Question 31

When the instrument is able to produce results
similar to those similar tests that will be
employed in the future, it has predictive validity.
This is particularly useful for the aptitude test.

Answer 31

PREDICTIVE VALIDITY

Question 32

refers to the consistency of the
measures or results of the instrument.

Answer 32

RELIABILITY OF INSTRUMENT

Question 33

achieved by giving the same test to the same
group of respondents twice. The consistency of the
two scores will be checked.

Answer 33

TEST-RETEST RELIABILITY

Question 34

It is established by administering two identical tests
except for wordings to the same group of
respondents.

Answer 34

EQUIVALENT FORMS RELIABILITY

Question 35

It determines how well the items measure the same
construct. It is reasonable that when a respondent gets
a high score in one item, he will also get one in similar
items. There are three ways to measure the internal
consistency; through the split-half coefficient,
Cronbach’s alpha, and Kuder-Richardson formula.

Answer 35

INTERNAL CONSISTENCY RELIABILITY