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Practical Research 1 > PR1 1st Grading Assessment > Flashcards

PR1 1st Grading Assessment Flashcards

1
Q

S.M.A.R.T

A

Specific
Measurable
Achievable
Relevance
Time-Bound

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2
Q

Avoids vague language/jargon/broad ideas and identifies the specific variable

A

Specific

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3
Q

Yields quanti/quali data and can be answered by factual evidence

A

Measurable

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4
Q

Answerable by the researcher’s skill/knowledge and by accessible participants

A

Achievable

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5
Q

Addresses gaps in existing body of knowledge in their field and problems concerning the researcher’s scope

A

Relevance

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6
Q

Addresses a timely problem and is answerable within a reasonable time

A

Time-Bound

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7
Q

Both involve investigative work in which you seek information by examining the object of your search

A

Inquiry and Research

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8
Q

To look for information by asking various questions

A

Inquiry

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9
Q

To discover truths by undergoing a scientific and systematic way, beginning from the most simple to complex patterns of thinking

A

Research

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10
Q

An active learning process and problem-solving technique that motivates you to obtain information by askingn questions in order to collect data

A

Inquiry

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11
Q

HOTS

A

Higher-Order Thinking Strategies

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12
Q

Higher-Order Thinking Strategies

A

Inferential, Creative, Critical, Integrative

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13
Q

Using observation and background to reach a logical conclusion or “reading between the lines”

A

Inferential thinking

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14
Q

The ability to come up with unique, original solutions

A

Creative thinking

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15
Q

A kind of thinking in which you question, analyse, interpret, evaluate and make a judgement about what you read, hear, say, or write

A

Critical thinking

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16
Q

Creates a sense of limitless possibility - Always reworking the decision for the best outcome, not the timeliest one

Leveraging the tension of opposing ideas to create a great answer that we can achieve

A

Integrative thinking

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17
Q

The Inquiry Process

A

Question
Predict
Plan
Investigate
Record
Analyze and Interpret
Connect

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18
Q

Use curiosity, wonder, or interest to ask rich questions

A

Question

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19
Q

Think about what will happen - not the same as guessing

A

Predict

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20
Q

Identify methods and materials - seek information

A

Plan

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21
Q

Observe objects, places, events - sort, classify, compare, contrast, and test

A

Investigate

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22
Q

What did you find?

Document observations and data from investigations - express ideas, thoughts, and information

A

Record

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23
Q

Make meaning and explain patterns in data

A

Analyze and Interpret

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24
Q

Connect prior knowledge to new knowledge and reflect on learning

A

Connect

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25
Q

The process of executing various mental acts for discovering/examining facts and information

A

Research

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26
Q

Requires you to engage in top-level thinking strategies to discover truths

A

Research

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27
Q

Centers around carrying out a particular order of stages

A

Research

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28
Q

A process that requires you to work logically and systematically, as well as collaboratively with others

A

Research

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29
Q

Research Structure

A

Title
Abstract
Introduction
RRL
Methodolgy
Results and Discussion
Summary and Conclusions
References
Appendices
Curriculum Vitae

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30
Q

Steps in the Research Process

A

Define the Problem
RRL
Research Design
Hypothesis
Carry out the RS
Interpret results
Research findings
Repeat (Optional)

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31
Q

Characteristics of Research

A

Critical
Empirical
Analytical
Replicability
Methodical
Cyclical

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32
Q

Careful and precise judgement

A

Critical

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33
Q

Based on valid procedures and principles

A

Logical

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34
Q

Based on direct experiences/observations by the researcher

A

Empirical

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35
Q

Utilizes proven analytical procedures in gathering data - historical, descriptive, experimental, etc.

A

Analytical

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36
Q

The RS designs/procedures are repeated to enable the researcher to arrive at valid results

A

Replicability

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37
Q

Starts with a problem and ends with a problem

A

Cyclical

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38
Q

A scientifical, experimental, or inductive manner of thinking

A

Research

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39
Q

Aims of Research

A

Improve the quality of life
Verification of existing knowledge
Acquisition of new knowledge
Application of new knowledge
Advancement of Researcher’s expertise

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40
Q

Reads like a list, involves analysis and synthesis, with no personal connection

A

Research

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41
Q

The study of right and wrong, responsibility, and appropriate behavior toward research participants

A

Ethics

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42
Q

Ethical issues in research

A

Animal rights and welfare
Human rights
Scientific misconduct

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43
Q

RA in which the principles on animal use in research are based

A

Philippine RA No. 8485 - Animal Welfare Act of 1998

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44
Q

The purpose of this act is to protect and promote the welfare of all animals in the Philippines

A

Philippine RA 8485 - Animal Welfare Act of 1998

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45
Q

Institution for enforcing and facilitating the regulations of Animal Welfare

A

Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee

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46
Q

All Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) are registered here

A

Bureau of Animal Industry of the Dept. of Agriculture

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47
Q

Before any animal study can commence, researchers must submit their proposals to their committee

A

Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee

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48
Q

First international code to emphasize consent in biomedical research/human experimentation

A

1948 Nuremburg Code

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49
Q

Consent can be voluntary only if:

A

Participants are able to consent
Free from coercion
Comprehend the risks and benefits involved

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50
Q

Human Rights in Research

A

Voluntary participation
Informed consent
Protected from harm
Confidentiality
Anonymity

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51
Q

all human respondents should participate out of his free will and not be coerced

A

Voluntary participation

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52
Q

Respondents should be informed of all the procedures, risks, and benefits

A

Informed consent

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53
Q

Respondents shall not be subjected to anything that may cause inconvenience or physical, emotional, and psychological harm

A

Protected from harm

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54
Q

Information extracted from the respondents shall be made confidential and not be disclosed to the public

A

Confidentiality

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55
Q

Respondents may choose not to disclose his identity to anyone

A

Anonymity

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56
Q

The act of using another person’s ideas, words, processes, and results without due credit

A

Plagiarism

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57
Q

Unauthorized use of original ideas and works

A

Plagiarism

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58
Q

Creations of the mind; inventions; literary and artistic works; and symbols, names, images used in commerce

A

Intellectual Property

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59
Q

The Philippine RA that protects intellectual propery

A

Philippine RA 8293 - Intellectual Propery Code of the Philippines

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60
Q

Basis for ownership of any published materials in traditional and electronic form

A

RA 8293 - Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines

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61
Q

The use of materials without recognizing the author

A

Copyright infringement

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62
Q

Types of Research - Based on Application of RS Method

A

Basic/Pure Research
Applied Research

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63
Q

Types of Research

A

Based on Application
Based on Purpose
Based on Data Needed

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64
Q

Deals with concepts, principles, abstract things (theory-oriented)

A

Basic or Pure

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65
Q

Aims to increase knowledge and does not resolve problems; helps you understand them better

Exploratory in nature

A

Basic or Pure

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66
Q

Applies to societal issues - looking to find answers or solutions

A

Applied

67
Q

Has a proposal, suggestion, or recommendation

A

Applied

68
Q

Solution-driven and has a direct commercial objective

A

Applied

69
Q

Type of Research - Based on Purpose of the RS/Methodology

A

Descriptive
Correlational
Exploratory
Explanatory
Action

70
Q

Studies an ongoing practice to obtain results that will bring improvements in the system

A

Action RS

71
Q

Aims for transformative change - participative and collaborative

A

Action RS

72
Q

RS that occurs only when there is limited information

A

Exploratory RS

73
Q

Done in order to find out how reasonable/possible it is to conduct a RS study on a topic

A

Exploratory RS

74
Q

Has many possible answers

A

Exploratory Research

75
Q

Elaborate/explains the REASONS behind the correlation of two factors by which it exists

+ definite answer

A

Explanatory RS

76
Q

Gives a verbal picture of a topic

A

Descriptive RS

77
Q

Relates itself to a limited time; doesn’t attempt to infer cause/effect

A

Descriptive RS

78
Q

Observe, document, and create a thorough profile of a subject

Explores trends, patterns, behavior

Describes the characteristics of the population/phenomenon

A

Descriptive RS

79
Q

Relationship/connections of 2 variables

A

Correlational

80
Q

Concerned in INDICATING the existence of relationships between variables and NOT the causes/development

A

Correlational

81
Q

Types of Research - Based on the Data Needed

A

Qualitative RS
Quantitative RS

82
Q

Types of Data

A

Primary
Secondary
Tertiary

83
Q

Nature of Data

A

Quantitative
Qualitative

84
Q

Non-numerical data; uses words

Investigates people’s thoughts, beliefs, etc.

Opinionated/subjective - not measurable

A

Qualitative

85
Q

Measurements of data, numbers and frequency

A

Quantitative

86
Q

Aims to discover an individual’s thoughts, feelings, and attitudes about a topic or to find out something beneath the surface

A

Qualitative RS

87
Q

Requires you to work collaboratively and promotes people’s interdependence or interpersonal releationships that the world needs to solve problems

A

Qualitative RS

88
Q

Puts high value on people’s thinking/POV conditioned by their personal traits

A

Qualitative Rs

89
Q

Studies subjects in their natural settings and is an act of inquiry of real-life events

A

Qualitative RS

90
Q

Types of Qualitative RS

A

Case study
Ethnography
Phenomelogy
Grounded Theory
Content and Discourse Analysis
Historical Analysis

91
Q

Characteristics of Qualitative RS

A

Human understanding and interpretation

Active, powerful, and forceful

Multiple RS approaches and methods

Specificity to generalization

Contextualization

Diversified data in real-life situations

Abounds with words and visuals

Internal analysis

92
Q

Humanistic categories

A

Literature and Art Criticism
Philosophical Research
Historical Research

93
Q

Data analysis results show an individual’s mental, social, and spiritual understanding of the world

A

Human understanding and interpretation

94
Q

A lot of changes occur continuously in every stage of quali research

A

Active, powerful, forceful

95
Q

You may find the need to amend/rephrase interview questiosn and consider varied ways of getting answers

A

Active, powerful, forceful

96
Q

RS allows you to approach or plan your study in varied ways and are free to combine quali + quanti

A

Multiple RS approaches and methods

97
Q

You can use all gathered data nad analysis techniques

Applies to all RS types: descriptive, exploratory, etc.

A

Multiple RS approaches and methods

97
Q

You are not fixated to a certain plan

A

Active, powerful, forceful

98
Q

Follows an inductive or scientific method of thinking

A

Specificity to generatization

99
Q

Specific ideas are directed to a general understanding

A

Specificity to generalization

99
Q

The goal is to understand human behavior - you must examine the context/situation of an individual’s life

A

Contextualization

100
Q

Examining the who, what, why, how, and other circumstances affecting an individual’s way of life

A

Contextualization

101
Q

Collecting data in a natural setting/as they genuinely appear

A

Diversified dat ain real-life situtations

102
Q

Uses words, gatheres data through interviews/readings, presents data and analysis results verbally or through visual presentations

A

Abounds with words and visuals

103
Q

You examine the data yielded by the internal traits of the subject individuals

A

Internal analysis

104
Q

Study people’s perceptions/views and not hte effects of their physical existence to your study

Underlying theories/principles that govern the materials and their usefulness to people

A

Internal analysis

104
Q

A long-time study of a person/group/org/situtation to find answers as to why such thing occurs to the subject

A

Case study

104
Q

Finding the reasons behind such occurence using varieties of data collection methods

A

Case study

105
Q

Used to obtain a clear understanding of a cultural group and its nature or characteristics through the members’ world perceptions

A

Ethography

106
Q

The study of how peple find their experiences meaningful / understanding experiences

A

Phenomelogy

107
Q

Analysis/examination of the substance/content of the mode of communication (letters, books, videos. messages, etc) used by a person/group/etc/ in communication

A

Content and discourse analysis

108
Q

A study of langauge structures used in the medium of communication to discover the effects of sociological, institutional, ideological, and cultural factors on the content

A

Content and DISCOURSE analysis

109
Q

In studying the content or structures of the material, you need _

A

a question or a set of questions to guide your analysis

110
Q

Study of primary documents to understand the connection of past events to present time

A

Historical analysis

111
Q

The results of this will help you specific phenomelogical changes in unchanged aspects of society through the years

A

historical analysis

112
Q

Discovery of a new theory that applies to your current study

interview, observation, documentary analysis

A

Grounded theory

113
Q

Where the researches depend greatly on their interpretative and reflective thinking in evaluating the object of their study using well-chosen language and appropriate organizational pattern

A

Literature and art criticism

114
Q

Where the focus of inquiry is on knowledge and principles of being and on the manner human beings conduct themselves on earth

A

Philosophical research

115
Q

Centers on events and indeas that took place in man’s life at a particular period

A

Historical research

116
Q

Expressed in numerical form, uses objective thinking and statistical methods, as well as measurements

A

Quantitative research

117
Q

Descriptive word pertaining to or denoting a number or symbol to express how many, how much, or what rank things are/have

A

Numerical

118
Q

Expresses meaning through numerals or a set of symbols indicate _

A

specificity, particularity, exactness

119
Q

Focusing your mind on specific things by means of statistics that involve collection and study of numerical data

A

Quantitative research

120
Q

Uses mathematical operations to study and express relationships between quantities of magnitudes shown by numbers or symbols

A

Quantitative RS

121
Q

The research can be used to generalize concepts more widely, predict future results, or investigate causal relationships

A

Quantitative RS

121
Q

The answers to these questions come in numerals, percentages, and fractions

A

Quantitative RS

122
Q

Your own thoughts/feelings are excluded - it is OBJECTIVE

A

Quantitative RS

123
Q

Analogous to experimenta/scientific thinking

A

Quantitative RS

124
Q

Identify problems, theorize, hypthesize, analyze, ifner, and create

A

Quantitative Research

125
Q

The overarching aim of quantitative research

A

Classify features, count them, and construct statistical models in an attempt to explain what is observed

125
Q

Has clearly defined research questions to which objective answers are sought

A

Quantitative RS

125
Q
  • data is gathered using structured RS instruments
  • results are based on larger sample sizes taht are representative of the population
  • the process can be replicated/repeated, given its high reliability
A

Quantitative RS

126
Q

All aspects of the study are carefully designed before data gathering

A

Quantitative RS

127
Q

Importance of quantitative research

A

The production of results that reflect precise measurement and in-depth analysis of data
+ obtaining an objective understanding

128
Q

Classification of quantitative research

A

Experimental
Non-experimenal

129
Q

Types of experimental research

A

True experimental
Quasi-experimental
Single subject
Pre-experimental

130
Q

Types of Non-experimental

A

Survey
Historical
Observational
Correlational
Descriptive
Comparative

130
Q

Emphasizes reliability, validity, replicability, generalizability

A

Experimental RS

130
Q

Types of Quasi-experimental

A

Matched comparative group
Time series
Counterbalanced quasi-experimental

130
Q

Characteristics of the study group or occurence are described

A

Non-experimental RS

130
Q

Treatment/influence is applied

A

Experimental group

131
Q

Usefil in gathering data on a population or occurence

A

Non-experimental RS

131
Q

Useful in causal research

A

Experimental RS

131
Q

Aim is to describe hte characteristic - WHAT IS _ ?

A

Non-experimental RS

131
Q

Manipulates variables to come to a conclusions

A

Experimental RS

131
Q

Aim is to manifpulate the variables so as to support or reject the assumed hypothesis - WHAT IF

A

Experimental RS

131
Q

Treats or deals with the object in a definite matter and determine the extend of the effects of the treatment

A

Experimental RS

132
Q

Two groups in experimental RS

A

Experimental Group
Control Group

133
Q

The group that does not receive any treatment

A

Control group

134
Q

Classification of experimental research ased on where the experiment is done

A

Laboratory RS
Field RS

135
Q

Uses random selection in determining who among the participants should compose the experimental and control group

A

True Experimental

136
Q

Adopts a comparative technique in chosing the subjects
- NO randomization

A

Quasi-experimental

137
Q

RS that fai;s to qualify as a genuine experimental RS = susceptible to doubts

A

Quasi-experimental RS

138
Q

Does not involve manipulation of control or independent variables

A

non-experimental RS

139
Q

Measures variables as they naturally occur with no manipulation

A

non-experimental RS

140
Q

Most used non-experimental RS

A

Survey RS

141
Q

Way of finding out truths by describing the collected data and determining their relationships with one another
- no treatment or condition is involved
- measurement of variables
- deals with quali and quanti data

A

Non-experimental RS

142
Q

Research method that aims to know what a big number of people think and feel about certain societal issues

A

Survey RS

143
Q

Strengths of survey research

A

Versatility
Efficiency
Generality
Confidentiality

144
Q

A topic is researchable if _

A

knowledge and information about it are supported by evidence that is observable, factual, and logical

145
Q

Guidelines in choosing a RS topic

A

Interest in the subject matter
Availability of information
Timeliness and relevance of the topic
Limitations on the subject
Personal Resources

146
Q

Starting the RS process

A

Choose your TOPIC
Identify a PROBLEM
Formulate RSQs
Create a RS DESIGN
Write a RS PROPOSAL

147
Q

Research topics to be AVOIDED

A

Controversial
Highly technical
Hard-to-investigate
Too broad
Too narrow
Vague

148
Q

Your interest in a topic - rich bg knowledge, novelty, unfamiliarity, curiosity

A

Interest in the subject matter

Practical Research 1 (2 decks)

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