PR1 1st Grading Assessment Flashcards
1
Q
S.M.A.R.T
A
Specific
Measurable
Achievable
Relevance
Time-Bound
2
Q
Avoids vague language/jargon/broad ideas and identifies the specific variable
A
Specific
3
Q
Yields quanti/quali data and can be answered by factual evidence
A
Measurable
4
Q
Answerable by the researcher’s skill/knowledge and by accessible participants
A
Achievable
5
Q
Addresses gaps in existing body of knowledge in their field and problems concerning the researcher’s scope
A
Relevance
6
Q
Addresses a timely problem and is answerable within a reasonable time
A
Time-Bound
7
Q
Both involve investigative work in which you seek information by examining the object of your search
A
Inquiry and Research
8
Q
To look for information by asking various questions
A
Inquiry
9
Q
To discover truths by undergoing a scientific and systematic way, beginning from the most simple to complex patterns of thinking
A
Research
10
Q
An active learning process and problem-solving technique that motivates you to obtain information by askingn questions in order to collect data
A
Inquiry
11
Q
HOTS
A
Higher-Order Thinking Strategies
12
Q
Higher-Order Thinking Strategies
A
Inferential, Creative, Critical, Integrative
13
Q
Using observation and background to reach a logical conclusion or “reading between the lines”
A
Inferential thinking
14
Q
The ability to come up with unique, original solutions
A
Creative thinking
15
Q
A kind of thinking in which you question, analyse, interpret, evaluate and make a judgement about what you read, hear, say, or write
A
Critical thinking
16
Q
Creates a sense of limitless possibility - Always reworking the decision for the best outcome, not the timeliest one
Leveraging the tension of opposing ideas to create a great answer that we can achieve
A
Integrative thinking
17
Q
The Inquiry Process
A
Question
Predict
Plan
Investigate
Record
Analyze and Interpret
Connect
18
Q
Use curiosity, wonder, or interest to ask rich questions
A
Question
19
Q
Think about what will happen - not the same as guessing
A
Predict
20
Q
Identify methods and materials - seek information
A
Plan
21
Q
Observe objects, places, events - sort, classify, compare, contrast, and test
A
Investigate
22
Q
What did you find?
Document observations and data from investigations - express ideas, thoughts, and information
A
Record
23
Q
Make meaning and explain patterns in data
A
Analyze and Interpret
24
Q
Connect prior knowledge to new knowledge and reflect on learning
A
Connect
25
The process of executing various mental acts for discovering/examining facts and information
Research
26
Requires you to engage in top-level thinking strategies to discover truths
Research
27
Centers around carrying out a particular order of stages
Research
28
A process that requires you to work logically and systematically, as well as collaboratively with others
Research
29
Research Structure
Title
Abstract
Introduction
RRL
Methodolgy
Results and Discussion
Summary and Conclusions
References
Appendices
Curriculum Vitae
30
Steps in the Research Process
Define the Problem
RRL
Research Design
Hypothesis
Carry out the RS
Interpret results
Research findings
Repeat (Optional)
31
Characteristics of Research
Critical
Empirical
Analytical
Replicability
Methodical
Cyclical
32
Careful and precise judgement
Critical
33
Based on valid procedures and principles
Logical
34
Based on direct experiences/observations by the researcher
Empirical
35
Utilizes proven analytical procedures in gathering data - historical, descriptive, experimental, etc.
Analytical
36
The RS designs/procedures are repeated to enable the researcher to arrive at valid results
Replicability
37
Starts with a problem and ends with a problem
Cyclical
38
A scientifical, experimental, or inductive manner of thinking
Research
39
Aims of Research
Improve the quality of life
Verification of existing knowledge
Acquisition of new knowledge
Application of new knowledge
Advancement of Researcher's expertise
40
Reads like a list, involves analysis and synthesis, with no personal connection
Research
41
The study of right and wrong, responsibility, and appropriate behavior toward research participants
Ethics
42
Ethical issues in research
Animal rights and welfare
Human rights
Scientific misconduct
43
RA in which the principles on animal use in research are based
Philippine RA No. 8485 - Animal Welfare Act of 1998
44
The purpose of this act is to protect and promote the welfare of all animals in the Philippines
Philippine RA 8485 - Animal Welfare Act of 1998
45
Institution for enforcing and facilitating the regulations of Animal Welfare
Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee
46
All Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) are registered here
Bureau of Animal Industry of the Dept. of Agriculture
47
Before any animal study can commence, researchers must submit their proposals to their committee
Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee
48
First international code to emphasize consent in biomedical research/human experimentation
1948 Nuremburg Code
49
Consent can be voluntary only if:
Participants are able to consent
Free from coercion
Comprehend the risks and benefits involved
50
Human Rights in Research
Voluntary participation
Informed consent
Protected from harm
Confidentiality
Anonymity
51
all human respondents should participate out of his free will and not be coerced
Voluntary participation
52
Respondents should be informed of all the procedures, risks, and benefits
Informed consent
53
Respondents shall not be subjected to anything that may cause inconvenience or physical, emotional, and psychological harm
Protected from harm
54
Information extracted from the respondents shall be made confidential and not be disclosed to the public
Confidentiality
55
Respondents may choose not to disclose his identity to anyone
Anonymity
56
The act of using another person's ideas, words, processes, and results without due credit
Plagiarism
57
Unauthorized use of original ideas and works
Plagiarism
58
Creations of the mind; inventions; literary and artistic works; and symbols, names, images used in commerce
Intellectual Property
59
The Philippine RA that protects intellectual propery
Philippine RA 8293 - Intellectual Propery Code of the Philippines
60
Basis for ownership of any published materials in traditional and electronic form
RA 8293 - Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines
61
The use of materials without recognizing the author
Copyright infringement
62
Types of Research - Based on Application of RS Method
Basic/Pure Research
Applied Research
63
Types of Research
Based on Application
Based on Purpose
Based on Data Needed
64
Deals with concepts, principles, abstract things (theory-oriented)
Basic or Pure
65
Aims to increase knowledge and does not resolve problems; helps you understand them better
Exploratory in nature
Basic or Pure
66
Applies to societal issues - looking to find answers or solutions
Applied
67
Has a proposal, suggestion, or recommendation
Applied
68
Solution-driven and has a direct commercial objective
Applied
69
Type of Research - Based on Purpose of the RS/Methodology
Descriptive
Correlational
Exploratory
Explanatory
Action
70
Studies an **ongoing practice** to obtain results that will bring **improvements** in the system
Action RS
71
Aims for transformative change - participative and collaborative
Action RS
72
RS that occurs only when there is limited information
Exploratory RS
73
Done in order to find out how reasonable/possible it is to conduct a RS study on a topic
Exploratory RS
74
Has many possible answers
Exploratory Research
75
Elaborate/explains the REASONS behind the correlation of two factors by which it exists
+ definite answer
Explanatory RS
76
Gives a verbal picture of a topic
Descriptive RS
77
Relates itself to a limited time; doesn't attempt to infer cause/effect
Descriptive RS
78
Observe, document, and create a thorough profile of a subject
Explores trends, patterns, behavior
Describes the characteristics of the population/phenomenon
Descriptive RS
79
Relationship/connections of 2 variables
Correlational
80
Concerned in INDICATING the existence of relationships between variables and NOT the causes/development
Correlational
81
Types of Research - Based on the Data Needed
Qualitative RS
Quantitative RS
82
Types of Data
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
83
Nature of Data
Quantitative
Qualitative
84
Non-numerical data; uses words
Investigates people's thoughts, beliefs, etc.
Opinionated/subjective - not measurable
Qualitative
85
Measurements of data, numbers and frequency
Quantitative
86
Aims to discover an individual's thoughts, feelings, and attitudes about a topic or to find out something beneath the surface
Qualitative RS
87
Requires you to work collaboratively and promotes people's interdependence or interpersonal releationships that the world needs to solve problems
Qualitative RS
88
Puts high value on people's thinking/POV conditioned by their personal traits
Qualitative Rs
89
Studies subjects in their natural settings and is an act of inquiry of real-life events
Qualitative RS
90
Types of Qualitative RS
Case study
Ethnography
Phenomelogy
Grounded Theory
Content and Discourse Analysis
Historical Analysis
91
Characteristics of Qualitative RS
Human understanding and interpretation
Active, powerful, and forceful
Multiple RS approaches and methods
Specificity to generalization
Contextualization
Diversified data in real-life situations
Abounds with words and visuals
Internal analysis
92
Humanistic categories
Literature and Art Criticism
Philosophical Research
Historical Research
93
Data analysis results show an individual's mental, social, and spiritual understanding of the world
Human understanding and interpretation
94
A lot of changes occur continuously in every stage of quali research
Active, powerful, forceful
95
You may find the need to amend/rephrase interview questiosn and consider varied ways of getting answers
Active, powerful, forceful
96
RS allows you to approach or plan your study in varied ways and are free to combine quali + quanti
Multiple RS approaches and methods
97
You can use all gathered data nad analysis techniques
Applies to all RS types: descriptive, exploratory, etc.
Multiple RS approaches and methods
97
You are not fixated to a certain plan
Active, powerful, forceful
98
Follows an inductive or scientific method of thinking
Specificity to generatization
99
Specific ideas are directed to a general understanding
Specificity to generalization
99
The goal is to understand human behavior - you must examine the context/situation of an individual's life
Contextualization
100
Examining the who, what, why, how, and other circumstances affecting an individual's way of life
Contextualization
101
Collecting data in a natural setting/as they genuinely appear
Diversified dat ain real-life situtations
102
Uses words, gatheres data through interviews/readings, presents data and analysis results verbally or through visual presentations
Abounds with words and visuals
103
You examine the data yielded by the internal traits of the subject individuals
Internal analysis
104
Study people's perceptions/views and not hte effects of their physical existence to your study
Underlying theories/principles that govern the materials and their usefulness to people
Internal analysis
104
A long-time study of a person/group/org/situtation to find answers as to why such thing occurs to the subject
Case study
104
Finding the reasons behind such occurence using varieties of data collection methods
Case study
105
Used to obtain a clear understanding of a cultural group and its nature or characteristics through the members' world perceptions
Ethography
106
The study of how peple find their experiences meaningful / understanding experiences
Phenomelogy
107
Analysis/examination of the substance/content of the mode of communication (letters, books, videos. messages, etc) used by a person/group/etc/ in communication
Content and discourse analysis
108
A study of langauge structures used in the medium of communication to discover the effects of sociological, institutional, ideological, and cultural factors on the content
Content and DISCOURSE analysis
109
In studying the content or structures of the material, you need _
a question or a set of questions to guide your analysis
110
Study of primary documents to understand the connection of past events to present time
Historical analysis
111
The results of this will help you specific phenomelogical changes in unchanged aspects of society through the years
historical analysis
112
Discovery of a new theory that applies to your current study
interview, observation, documentary analysis
Grounded theory
113
Where the researches depend greatly on their interpretative and reflective thinking in evaluating the object of their study using well-chosen language and appropriate organizational pattern
Literature and art criticism
114
Where the focus of inquiry is on knowledge and principles of being and on the manner human beings conduct themselves on earth
Philosophical research
115
Centers on events and indeas that took place in man's life at a particular period
Historical research
116
Expressed in numerical form, uses objective thinking and statistical methods, as well as measurements
Quantitative research
117
Descriptive word pertaining to or denoting a number or symbol to express how many, how much, or what rank things are/have
Numerical
118
Expresses meaning through numerals or a set of symbols indicate _
specificity, particularity, exactness
119
Focusing your mind on specific things by means of statistics that involve collection and study of numerical data
Quantitative research
120
Uses mathematical operations to study and express relationships between quantities of magnitudes shown by numbers or symbols
Quantitative RS
121
The research can be used to generalize concepts more widely, predict future results, or investigate causal relationships
Quantitative RS
121
The answers to these questions come in numerals, percentages, and fractions
Quantitative RS
122
Your own thoughts/feelings are excluded - it is OBJECTIVE
Quantitative RS
123
Analogous to experimenta/scientific thinking
Quantitative RS
124
Identify problems, theorize, hypthesize, analyze, ifner, and create
Quantitative Research
125
The overarching aim of quantitative research
Classify features, count them, and construct statistical models in an attempt to explain what is observed
125
Has clearly defined research questions to which objective answers are sought
Quantitative RS
125
- data is gathered using structured RS instruments
- results are based on larger sample sizes taht are representative of the population
- the process can be replicated/repeated, given its high reliability
Quantitative RS
126
All aspects of the study are carefully designed before data gathering
Quantitative RS
127
Importance of quantitative research
The production of results that reflect precise measurement and in-depth analysis of data
+ obtaining an objective understanding
128
Classification of quantitative research
Experimental
Non-experimenal
129
Types of experimental research
True experimental
Quasi-experimental
Single subject
Pre-experimental
130
Types of Non-experimental
Survey
Historical
Observational
Correlational
Descriptive
Comparative
130
Emphasizes reliability, validity, replicability, generalizability
Experimental RS
130
Types of Quasi-experimental
Matched comparative group
Time series
Counterbalanced quasi-experimental
130
Characteristics of the study group or occurence are described
Non-experimental RS
130
Treatment/influence is applied
Experimental group
131
Usefil in gathering data on a population or occurence
Non-experimental RS
131
Useful in causal research
Experimental RS
131
Aim is to describe hte characteristic - WHAT IS _ ?
Non-experimental RS
131
Manipulates variables to come to a conclusions
Experimental RS
131
Aim is to manifpulate the variables so as to support or reject the assumed hypothesis - WHAT IF
Experimental RS
131
Treats or deals with the object in a definite matter and determine the extend of the effects of the treatment
Experimental RS
132
Two groups in experimental RS
Experimental Group
Control Group
133
The group that does not receive any treatment
Control group
134
Classification of experimental research ased on where the experiment is done
Laboratory RS
Field RS
135
Uses random selection in determining who among the participants should compose the experimental and control group
True Experimental
136
Adopts a comparative technique in chosing the subjects
- NO randomization
Quasi-experimental
137
RS that fai;s to qualify as a genuine experimental RS = susceptible to doubts
Quasi-experimental RS
138
Does not involve manipulation of control or independent variables
non-experimental RS
139
Measures variables as they naturally occur with no manipulation
non-experimental RS
140
Most used non-experimental RS
Survey RS
141
Way of finding out truths by describing the collected data and determining their relationships with one another
- no treatment or condition is involved
- measurement of variables
- deals with quali and quanti data
Non-experimental RS
142
Research method that aims to know what a big number of people think and feel about certain societal issues
Survey RS
143
Strengths of survey research
Versatility
Efficiency
Generality
Confidentiality
144
A topic is researchable if _
knowledge and information about it are supported by evidence that is observable, factual, and logical
145
Guidelines in choosing a RS topic
Interest in the subject matter
Availability of information
Timeliness and relevance of the topic
Limitations on the subject
Personal Resources
146
Starting the RS process
Choose your TOPIC
Identify a PROBLEM
Formulate RSQs
Create a RS DESIGN
Write a RS PROPOSAL
147
Research topics to be AVOIDED
Controversial
Highly technical
Hard-to-investigate
Too broad
Too narrow
Vague
148
Your interest in a topic - rich bg knowledge, novelty, unfamiliarity, curiosity
Interest in the subject matter
