PR - terms #2

Question 1

These studies are deductive, they call for extensive reviews, because they are designed to test a theory developed from the review

Answer 1

Quantitative studies

Question 2

These take an inductive approach and do not require a hypothesis to guide their study (they rely on data)

Answer 2

Qualitative

Question 3

A researcher’s beliefs about what is ethical and valuable

Answer 3

Axiology

Question 4

A researcher’s beliefs about reality

Answer 4

Ontology

Question 5

A researcher’s beliefs about his or her role during the research process. (Should he or she be actively involved or try to act as an observer?)

Answer 5

Epistemology

Question 6

This is the methodological approach to answering research questions and testing hypothesis

Answer 6

Methodology

Question 7

This term believes they must be objective and separate themselves from the problem they are investigating

Answer 7

Dualism

Question 8

This type of sampling is generally used quantitative studies where we are trying to identify a sample that represents, as closely as possible, the population it was selected from.

Answer 8

Random Samples

Question 9

These are also a probabilistic and nonprobabilistic sampling

Answer 9

Random sampling and nonrandom sampling (these are 2 major approaches in research)

Question 10

This is used in quantitative study to identify the population that they are working with

Answer 10

Sampling frame

Question 11

This is when you wan your samples to be as representative as the characteristics as possible

Answer 11

Generalizability

Question 12

This is when the sample isn’t generalizable and the results based on the samples are not likely valid and will not reflect true values in the population

Answer 12

Sampling Bias

Question 13

This is the best approach when you are trying to ensure your sample is reflective of the population to minimize sampling bias

Answer 13

Simple random sampling

Question 14

This is a type of sampling where every member of the population must have an equal chance of being selected

Answer 14

Probabilistic sampling

Question 15

Samples are created by randomly selecting pre-existing groups from within a population

Answer 15

Cluster sampling (Random approach)

Question 16

This is the most problematic sampling in terms of generalizability. (It starts from a random point in the population and every nth subject will be selected)

Answer 16

Systematic sampling (Random approach)

Question 17

Subgroups within a population that must be
proportionately represented in a sample are
identified. Participants from each of the subgroups are then randomly chosen for inclusion in the sample.

Answer 17

Stratified sampling (random approach)

Question 18

A sample is created from members of a population who happen to be readily available.

Answer 18

Convenience sampling (Nonrandom approach)

Question 19

This is similar to stratified sampling, except that, after stratification, members of the sample are selected based on a pre-specified proportion

Answer 19

Quota sampling (nonrandom approach)

Question 20

A sample is selected from a population based on defined inclusion criteria.

Answer 20

Purposive sampling (nonrandom approach)

Question 21

An initial participant who meets the criteria
for inclusion in the sample is selected from the population. The sample size is increased by that participant recruiting other like participants into the sample. All identified participants then, in turn, recruit additional participants.

Answer 21

Snowball sampling (nonrandom approach)

Question 22

What are the four distinct types of numeric data

Answer 22

Nominal
ordinal
interval and
ratio

Question 23

are instruments that are used to numerically measure constructs, that is, values we know exist but aren’t tangible.

Answer 23

Affective Tests

Question 24

developed to measure performance in a specific subject area.

Answer 24

achievement tests

Question 25

Information such as gender, ethnicity, age, and race are collected and saved on a

Answer 25

demographic data form.

Question 26

In the field of psychology we use this to measure constructs or ideas that we know exist, but we are not able to collect the data in a standard manner.

Answer 26

Projective tests