PR LESSON 2 Flashcards
GENERAL FORMS OF RESEARCH
scientific, artistic research and research in the humanities
research method that seeks to explain naturally
occurring phenomena in the natural world by generating credible theories.
Scientific research
seeks to define the purpose of human existence by
tapping into historical facts and future possibilities.
Research in the humanities
provides alternative approaches to establish concepts by
conducting practical methods as substitutes for fundamental and theoretical
ones.
Artistic research
enables the researcher to organize the components of his or
her research in an orderly and coherent manner. This will ensure that the research
or study will effectively address the research topic or problem.
RESEARCH DESIGN
research design follows a cyclical process. First, the
researcher identifies a problem and determines a plan of action to address it.
Action research.
explores how a specific change impacts a certain
situation. This research design employs hypotheses that seek to establish a
cause-and-effect
Causal design
answers who, what, when, where, and how
questions related to a particular research problem. This design is used to obtain
information about the present situation to gain an understanding of a certain
phenomenon.
Descriptive Design.
researcher controls the factors and
variables related to a certain phenomenon and tries to change or manipulate one
or several factors to determine the possible effects.
Experimental design.
focuses on topics or problems which have
had little or no studies done about them. The purpose of this design is to gain
information and insight that can be used for later researches.
Exploratory design
identifies a group of people sharing common
characteristics who are then studied for a period of time.
cohort
looks into a large group of
people, composed of individuals with varied characteristics.
Cross-sectional design.
carried out in stages to gather sufficient
data to test the hypothesis. This design is often combined with a cohort or cross-
sectional study as it identifies specific groups for each stage. At the end of each
stage, the data is collected and evaluated.
Sequential design.
combines aspects of various research
designs and methods.
Mixed-method design
COMMON TYPES OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
Phenomenology Study, Ethnographic study, Historical, case study, Grounded theory study, Narrative analysis, Critical qualitative research, Postmodern research, and Basic interpretative qualitative study
used when a researcher is
interested in identifying how individuals give meaning to a situation or
phenomenon.
Basic interpretative qualitative study.
As opposed to the traditional forms of qualitative
analysis, the approach of this type of research seeks to analyze the facts that
have been established
Postmodern research.
research seeks to bring about change
and empower individuals by describing and critiquing the social, cultural, and
psychological perspectives on present-day contexts.
Critical qualitative research.
main sources of data for this type of research are the
life accounts of individuals based on their personal experiences.
Narrative analysis.
3 types of narrative analysis
psychological, biographical, and discourse
involves comparing collected units of data
against one another until categories, properties, and hypotheses
Grounded theory study.
in-depth examination of an individual, groups of people, or
an institution.
Case study.
study is concerned with the identification, location,
evaluation, and synthesis of data from past events.
Historical Study.
2 types of historical study
Documents, Relics and artifacts, and Oral reports
study involves the collection and analysis of data
about cultural groups or minorities.
Ethnographic study.
seeks to find the essence or
structure of an experience by explaining how complex meanings are built out of
simple units of inner experience.
Phenomenology Study.
