PR Flashcards
Lawyer/Client Relationship
No duty to accept representation
Unless court appointment
May decline court appt rep if
Could not handle matter competently
Rep would result in improper conflict of interest, or
Acceptance unreasonably burdensome
Formation of L/C Relationship
Begins when client reasonably
Believes relationship exists
No writing is required
Scope of L/C Rep
Client determines objectives of rep
Lawyer decides means to reach objectives
Can be negotiated including duration
Limitation must be reasonable and client must provide informed consent
Power of Lawyer
Decides such things as strategy
Including manner, scope of x-exam and choosing theory for case
Power of Client
Decides such things as
Accept settlement, testify
Right to trial and entry of plea
Termination of L/C Relationship
May withdraw from representation if
Circumstances allow but
Duty to mitigate and lessen
Adverse impact upon client
Mandatory Withdrawal Violation
MUST withdraw If failure would result in violation of Rules of ethics or OTHER LAW Based upon client’s course of conduct Client must DEMAND not just suggest
CA Mandatory Withdrawal Violation
Must withdraw if
Knows or reasonably should know
Rep would result in violation of PR rules
Not other law
Mandatory Withdrawal Attorney Health
MUST withdraw if physical or
Mental condition MATERIALLY IMPAIRS ability to represent client
CA Mandatory Withdrawal Attorney Health
Physical or mental condition renders UNREASONABLY DIFFICULT to carry out effective rep
Mandatory Withdrawal Client Bad Faith
Lawyer knows or reasonably should know
Client is asserting claim or defense
Without probable cause for purpose of
Harassing or maliciously injuring person
Mandatory Withdrawal Discharge by Client
Has absolute right to discharge
For any reason
If client has severely diminished capacity
Lawyer MAY take reasonably necessary
Protective action to guard client’s interests
No Harm Permissive Withdrawal
Can do so without harming the client
CA No Harm Permissive Withdrawal
Not allowed
Harm to Client Permissive Withdrawal
Client persists in course of action reasonably believes criminal or fraudulent
Learns client used previous services to perpetrate crime or fraud
Insists on course of action lawyer finds repugnant or fundamental disagreement
Client fails substantially to fulfill obligation regarding services
Rep will result in unreasonable financial burden
Client has made representation unreasonably difficult for lawyer, or
Other good cause exists
CA Harm to Client Permissive Withdrawal
Client insists on presenting claim or defense not warranted under law and cannot be supported by good-faith argument for an extension, modification, or reversal of law
Client seeks to pursue criminal or fraudulent course of conduct or has used lawyer’s services to advance
Client insists lawyer pursue course of conduct criminal or fraudulent
Client renders unreasonably difficult to carry out rep effectively
Client breaches material term with lawyer relating to rep
Client knowingly and freely assents
Inability to work with co-counsel indicates best interests of client likely served by withdrawal
Lawyer’s mental or physical condition renders difficult for lawyer to carry out rep effectively
Continuation of rep likely to result in violation of these rules or SBA, or
Lawyer believes in good faith other good cause
Procedure to Withdraw L/C
Must give client reasonable notice
Prior to withdrawing and get court approval
If litigation is pending
MR Procedure to Withdraw L/C
Court order may require continuation of rep
Duties upon Termination L/C
Take reasonable measures to minimize
Harm done to client and
Return all papers and property and
Refund any part of a fee paid not earned
CA Duties upon Termination L/C
True retainer does not have to be refunded
Used to ensure availability of lawyer for matter
MR Fees
Must charge fees reasonable Under circumstances Court considers: Difficulty of case Preclusion of other employment Nature of relationship and fee arrangement Expertise of attorney Fee charged in locality
CA Fees
Not charge illegal or unconscionable fees
Unconscionability based upon facts and circumstances existing at time agreement
CA Unconscionability Fees
Entered into based on:
Lawyer engaged in fraud or overreaching in negotiating or setting fee
Lawyer failed to disclose material facts
Amount of fee in proportion to value of service
Relative sophistication of lawyer and client
Novelty and difficulty of questions involved
Likelihood avoidance of other employment
Amount involved and results obtained
Time limitations imposed
Nature and length of prof relationship with client
Experience, reputation, and ability of lawyer
Fee is fixed or contingent
Time and labor required and
Client gave informed consent to fee
CA Writing Fees
K for services required in writing when
Reasonably foreseeable total expenses will
Exceed $1,000 unless client is
Corp or client knowingly states in writing
W/ full disclosure, not want a written agreement
MR Contingent Fees
Must be in writing
Signature of client
Calculation methodology of fee, and
Details of calculation for expense deductions
CA Contingent Fees
Must provide duplicate copy of k
Signed by both lawyer and client, and
Writing must include:
Statement of rate
Statement of disbursements and costs incurred will affect contingency
Statement regarding extent to which client be required to compensate for related matters
If med mal, statement that statutory limits are maximum permitted
If not med mal, statement fee not set by law but negotiable
Exception to CA Contingent Fees
Agreements of workers’ compensation or between merchants
Lawyers in Same Firm Fee Splitting
May legitimately share or split fees
Entered by any of them and
May be shared with attorney who has retired
MR Lawyers from Different Firms Fee Splitting
Fee splitting is permitted if Fee in proportion to services Rendered by each lawyer or Jointly responsible Client agrees in writing to Fee-splitting arrangement, and Total fee charged reasonable
CA Lawyers from Different Firms Fee Splitting
Fee may not be shared between firms unless
Lawyers enter agreement to divide fee
Client has consented after disclosure including identity of lawyers, and total fee charged not increased solely by reason of agreement to split fees
Referral Fees
Generally prohibited to anyone recommending
Lawyer’s services, unless paying fees of
Legal services plan or approved lawyer-referral service
Lawyer who performs service for client
Prior to referral may be reasonably compensated
Former Partner Referral Fees
Profit sharing or retirement plans allowed
Non-Lawyers Referral Fees
No partnership may be made w/ non-lawyers if law
Exceptions to Non-Lawyers Referral Fees
Paid lawyer’s estate or death benefit
Lawyer purchases practice of lawyer pays agreed upon price to estate
Shared through compensation or retirement plan
Lawyer shares court-ordered fees with non-profit employed or retained lawyer
CA Referral Fees
Must not compensate, promise or give Anything of value to person May offer or give gift or gratuity to Person having made recommendation So long as was not given in consideration of Any promise, agreement, or understanding
Client Fund Accounts
Must be deposited in client account
Flat fee may be deposited in operating acct if law firm discloses in writing client has right to require it be deposited in trust acct until earned and client entitled to refund of fee paid not earned
L/C Privilege PR
Protects confidential comm between client and his attorney
Client holds privilege and continues indefinitely surviving end of representation and death
CA L/C Privilege PR
Privilege terminates when client’s estate
Settled and personal rep is discharged
Confidential L/C Privilege PR
Must be intended confidential
If made in knowing presence of 3rd party
Generally destroys privilege unless rep of either
Communication L/C Privilege PR
Must be for seeking legal advice or rep
But lawyer not required to give advice or agree to rep for privilege to exist
Exceptions to L/C Privilege PR
Future Crime or Fraud
Dispute Between Client and Attorney
Parties Claiming Through Deceased Client
Substantial Bodily Injury or Death
CA Future Crime/Fraud Exception to L/C Privilege PR
Applies to anyone, not just client
Substantial Bodily Injury or Death Exception to L/C Privilege PR
Lawyer reasonably believes
Necessary to prevent criminal act lawyer
Reasonably believes likely to result in
Death or substantial bodily harm of individual
Work Product Doctrine PR
Discoverable only if court determines
Denial will unfairly prejudice party seeking it
CA Work Product Doctrine PR
Reflects lawyer’s impressions, conclusions,
Opinions, or legal research or theories
Not discoverable under any circumstances
Duty of Confidentiality
Unless authorized by informed consent or
Impliedly authorized in order to carry out rep
MR Duty of Confidentiality
Protected info regardless of source or
Info that could reasonably lead to discovery of such info by 3rd party
CA Duty of Confidentiality
Maintain inviolate confidence, and at every peril to himself preserve secrets of client
Not protected if:
By person who consults lawyer w/out good faith intention to retain lawyer after lawyer states she is unwilling or unable to rep person or
w/out reasonable expectation lawyer will be retained
Exceptions Duty of Confidentiality
Death or SBI
Substantial Financial Harm
Advice About Compliance
Controversy Between Lawyer & Client
MR Death or Substantial Bodily Injury Exception Duty of Confidentiality
Reasonably certain
Met if death imminent or if
Present and substantial threat person will suffer harm at later date unless lawyer takes action
CA Death or Substantial Bodily Injury Exception Duty of Confidentiality
Reasonably necessary to prevent Criminal act lawyer reasonably believes Will result in death or SBI No more than necessary to prevent act Must make good-faith effort to persuade client not to commit and inform client of lawyer’s ability to reveal
Substantial Financial Harm Exception Duty of Confidentiality
MAY reveal info concerning rep to
Extent lawyer reasonably believes
Necessary to prevent client from committing
Reasonably certain to result in SBI to
Financial interests or property of another
May also be revealed to prevent, mitigate, or rectify SBI to fin interest or property
Advice About Compliance Exception Duty of Confidentiality
May reveal info if securing
Confidential legal advice about
Personal responsibility to comply w/ MR
Controversy Between Lawyer & Client Exception Duty of Confidentiality
To extent reasonably believes necessary
COI
Lawyer-Client Conflict Current Client Conflict Current and Former Client Conflict Prospective Clients Influence by Third Parties Conflict from ARM
Lawyer-Client Conflict
If significant risk rep may be
Materially limited by lawyer’s own interest unless
Reasonably believes will be able to provide
Competent and diligent rep to affected client
Rep not prohibited by law, and
Affected client gives informed consent
Confirmed in writing
Types of Lawyer-Client Conflict
Opposing Parties Related Sexual Relations Relationship to Party or Witness Lawyer as a Witness Acquiring an Interest in Litigation Financial Assistance to Client Entering Business Transactions with Clients Agreement to Limit Malpractice Recovery
MR Opposing Parties Related Lawyer-Client Conflict
Lawyer related to another lawyer May not rep client in matter Lawyer is rep another party unless Each client gives informed consent Disqualification personal and not imputed
CA Opposing Parties Related Lawyer-Client Conflict
Not permitted to rep a client in matter
Lawyer knows or reasonably should know
Another party’s lawyer is family
Lives with lawyer, is client of lawyer, or
Has an intimate relationship w/ lawyer unless
Lawyer first informs client in writing of relationship