pr Flashcards
Refers to the overall plan and scheme for conducting the study. Thus, the researcher may utilize a historical design, descriptive design or an experimental design
research design
• The purpose of this design is to describe the status of an identified variable such as events, people or subjects as they exist.
descriptive research design
They are also known as longitudinal repeated-measure studies. They are also referred to as interventions, because you do more than just observe the subjects.
It uses the scientific method to establish the cause and effect among a group of variables that make up study.
experimental research design
To collect, verify and synthesize evidence from the past to establish facts that defend or refute your hypothesis.
historical research design
A process of getting information from a proper subset of population.
• The fundamental purpose of all sampling plans is to describe the population characteristic through the values obtained from a sample as accurately as possible.
sampling
Detailed outline of which measurements will be taken at what times, on which material, in what manner, and by whom that supports the purpose of an analysis
sampling plan
• It refers to a sampling techniques in which samples are obtained using some objective chance mechanism.
• They require the use of a sampling frame.
• The probabilities of selection are known.
probability sampling
This technique when there is no way of estimating the probability that each element has of being included in the sample and no assurance that every element has a chance of being included.
non probability sampling
Are the data gathering devices that will be used in the study. It is a testing device for measuring a given phenomenon, such as a paper and pencil test, questionnaires, interviews, research tools, or set of guidelines for observation.
INSTRUMENTS
Refers to the extent to which the instrument measures what it intends to measure and performs as it is designed to perform.
validity
– the extent to which research instrument accurately measures all aspect of a construct.
content validity
the extent to which a research instrument or tool measures the intended construct.
construct validity
the extent to which a research instruments is related to other instruments that measure the same variables.
criterion validity
Relates to the extent to which the instrument is consistent. The instrument should be able to obtain in approximately the same response when applied to respondents who are similarly situated.
reliability
the extent to which all the items on a scale measure one construct.
Internal Consistency/Homogeneity
the consistency of results using an instrument with repeated testing.
Stability or Test-Retest Correlation
consistency among responses of multiple users of an instrument, or among alternate forms of an instrument.
equivalence
known as primary data/raw data. These are data obtained from your own researchers, surveys, observations and interviews.
primary source
known as secondary data. These are data obtained from secondary sources such as reports, books, journals, documents, magazine, internet and more.
secondary source
the researcher asks a standard set of questions and nothing more. The interview follows a specific format with the same line of questioning.
structured interview
most frequently used. It can be conducted in the respondent’s home of workplace, halls or even simply in the street
face to face interview
less consuming and less expensive. The researcher has ready to access to anyone who has a telephone.
telephone interview
is a form of personal interview but instead of completing a questionnaire, the interviewer brings along a laptop or handheld computer to enter the information directly into the database
Computer-Assisted Personal Interviewing
include respondent’s name, address, date of the interview and name of the interviewer.
Respondent’s Identification Data
the interviewer’s request for help. It is normally scripted and lays out the credentials of the market research company, the purpose of the study and any aspects of confidentiality.
introduction
refers to the interviewer and the respondent’s directions on how to move through the questionnaire such as which question to skip and where to move to if certain answer are given.
instruction
is the main body of the document and is made up of the many questions and
response codes.
information
- establish the important characteristic of the respondent, particularly related to their demographic which are sometimes at the front of questionnaire or sometimes at the end.
. Classifications Data and Information
can be sent to a large number of people and saves the researcher time and money.
Paper-pencil Questionnaire
new and inevitably growing methodology using the internet based
research.
Web-based-Questionnaire
are general distributed through mail. Filled out and administered by the respondent themselves which is returned via email to the researcher.
Self-administered Questionnaire
Is a way of gathering data by watching behaviors, events, or nothing physical characteristics in their natural setting.
observation
when everyone knows they are being observed.
overt
when no one knows they are being observe and the observes is concealed.
covert
provide a way to assess subject’s knowledge and capacity to apply this knowledge to new situations.
test
provide information on how the target performs against a reference group or normative population
norm-referenced tests
constructed to determined whether or not the respondents/subjects have attained mastery of a skill or knowledge area.
criterion-reference teste
provides an assessment against a level of skill attainment, but includes standards for performance at varying levels of proficiency.
proficiency test
type of quantitative data that has already been collected by someone else for a purpose different from yours. These data are collected by researchers, government and private agencies, institutions or organizations or companies that provide important information for government planning and policy recommendation and theory generation.
secondary data
are those from books, journals, periodicals, abstracts, indexes, directories, research reports, conference papers, market reports, annual reports, internal records of organizations, newspapers and magazines.
paper-based sources
are those from CD-ROMs, online databases, internet, videos and broadcast.
electronic sources
