PQs Flashcards
What is the normal eye pressure?
15-25 Hgmm
Schrimer time in a normal dog test
1 minute
Normal for cats: <14mm
Normal for cow, horse: <15mm
Which species has multi-line eyelash?
Dog
Which is the most important examining technique?
a. Fluorescein staining
b. Ophthalmoscope etc
c. All is equally important
c. All is equally important
In which species is glaucoma a frequent hereditary disease?
Dog
What does symblepharon mean?
Adhesions of conjunctiva on itself or on the cornea
Typically found in young cats with viral conjunctivitis (FHV)
In which species is cataract inheritable?
In dogs, most commonly inherited, or the result of DM
In horse and cat: cataracts develops most often due to uveitis
What does NOT have a role in the amount of aqueous humour?
Light reflection of the tapetum and non-tapetal fundus
What can be a reason for lens surgery?
Anterior lens luxation
Cataract
Cobalt blue light?
Cobalt blue light provides a suitable means of exciting sodium fluorescence (orange dye) for examination of ocular surface integrity
What do you NOT do before taking sample for bacteriology?
You never do local anaesthesia
How can cataracts be treated?
Only with surgery
When can you see a “crescent moon”?
At lens subluxation
What are the symptoms of Horner’s disease?
Horners = Sympathetic denervation of the eye
Third eyelid prolapse Myosis Enopthalmus Narrowing of the palpebral fissure Peripheral vasodilation may occur, causing increased facial warmth, best observed in the ipsilateral ear
What grows together when there is posterior synechia?
The iris adheres to the lens
Anterior: when iris adheres to cornea
What are the consequences of chronic inflammation in horse?
Chronic uveitis:
Corneal endothelial degeneration / dystrophy
• Corneal vascularisation / dystrophy
Lens luxation, subluxation
• Vitreal opacities (hyalitis)
• Focal chorioretinitis, retinal detachment
Definition of glaucoma
Disturbance in the drainage of the aqueous, which can elevate the IOP
How do you examine the retina in the most precise way?
By monocular indirect ophthalmoscope –> Greater field of view
Direct ophthalmoscopes are not as handy, because the magnification increases, thus the field of view decreases
Do pigs have a light-reflecting layer / tapetum?
No
How is the descemetocele stained by fluorescence?
Fluorescence adheres only to the walls of the ulcer, the central floor (Descemet membrane) of the ulcer appears black
What is phacoemulsification?
Phacoemulsification is a modern cataract surgery in which the eye’s internal lens is emulsified with an ultrasonic handpick and aspiration from the eye
What are the components of the uvea?
Iris
Corpus ciliare
Choroid
What are Purkinje’s images?
Purkinje’s images are formed on the anterior and posterior lens capsule and are bright, clear, and regular. There is no opacity of the lens
Presence = Opacity of the lens
What are the connections of the retina?
At 2 sites:
Behind the ciliary body-pars plana
Near the optic nerve head
What do ciliary bodies do?
Produce aqueous fluid
Pars plicata:
Ciliary body produce aqueous humour
Ciliary body:
Pars plicata and pars plana (joint the retina)
What is the normal pressure in the anterior chamber?
15-25 Hgmm
Signs of acute glaucoma: IOP >25Hgmm
