PQS 2022 Flashcards by Hege Osland

What medication is contraindicated for a large colon impaction?
􀶷 Butylscolpalamine
􀶷 lidocaine
􀶷 metronidazole
􀶷 neostigmine

neostigmine ( can cause rupture of colon)

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What drug do we administer in congestive heart failure?
􀶷 Digoxin
􀶷 Quinidine
􀶷 Enalapril
􀶷 Procainamide

Digoxin

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Most common cause of death during GA:
􀶷 Cardiac arrest
􀶷 Fracture during recovery
􀶷 Aspiration pneumonia
􀶷 Diffuse myopathy

Cardiac arrest

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Usage of metformin?

Increase insulin sensitivity

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Admission route of DMSO:

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What causes this type of lesion?
Insect bite
dermatophilosis
foliacecus pemphigus

Lichenification

Sweet itch (insect bite hypersensitivity)

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Cause of purpurarea haemo.?

Immune complex

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Picture of papilloma?

Viral infection

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Picture of inguinal region
Sarcoid
melanoma
carcinoma

Sarcoid

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What is seen?
Ventricular defect
Aortic valve insufficiency

Aortic valve insufficiency

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seminal plasma
􀶷 (I can’t remember choices)
􀶷 lowers pregnancy rate?
􀶷 lowers plasma macrophages, phagocystosis, PMN
􀶷 heightens plasma macrophages, phagocystosis, PMN

lowers plasma macrophages, phagocystosis, PMN

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X Rays cause the depletion of?
􀶷 Germinal testicular cells
􀶷 Sertoli cells
􀶷 Leydig cells

􀶷 Germinal testicular cells

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What is the difference between a cow and an equine c- section?
􀶷 The uterus is closed in 1 layer
􀶷 The uterus is closed in 2 layers (Lecture notes state 3 layers)
􀶷 Lembert and Cushing - interlocking suture around entire surgery wound, wound closure in 3 layers (reefing + Cushing)

􀶷 Lembert and Cushing - interlocking suture around entire surgery wound, wound closure in 3 layers (reefing + Cushing)

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Where does the embryo develop after fixation in the mare?
􀶷 At the tip of the uterine horn on the cranio-dorsal side
􀶷 At the tip of the uterine horn on the cranio-ventral side
􀶷 At the bifurcation on the cranio-dorsal side
􀶷 At the bifurcation on the cranio-ventral side

􀶷 At the bifurcation on the cranio-ventral side

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Tidal volume of a horse

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Oxygen consumption of horse
2-3
5
10

At rest a horse absorbs 3 milliliters of oxygen per kilogram of body weight per minute

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Where does the distal accessory ligament of the DDF run in an ultrasound?
􀶷 Between the DDF and SDF
􀶷 Between DDF and the Suspensory ligament
􀶷 Between the DDF to the 3rd metacarpal bone
􀶷 Between suspensory ligament and 3rd metacarpal bone

Between the DDF to the 3rd metacarpal bone

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Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction (PPID) symptoms?
􀶷 Hirsutism
􀶷 Weightloss
􀶷 PU/PD
􀶷 Immunosuppresion

Hirsutism

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Anaesthesia in horse:

Alwasy closed

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Which drug to prevent ileus:
AB
Lacative
Prokinetics
Probiotics

Prokinetics

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8 year old horse brought in with fever, ataxia, tremors, dysphagia
􀶷 Botulism
􀶷 West nile
􀶷 Guttural pouch mycosis

WN virus

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What bacteria can you find in the uterus swap of a mare?
􀶷 T. equigenitalis
􀶷 S. equi ssp zooepidemicus
􀶷 P. multicoccidia
􀶷 K. pneumoniae

S. equi ssp zooepidemicus (40-60% prevalence)

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Needle size of DIP nerve block?

20G

Which nerve anaeshtesia in case of low-4 point block?

Palmer digital and metacarpal

What is the PCV for chronic anemia? PCV <15% PCV <12%

Acute: PCV <15% Chronic: PCV <12% consider transfusion!

Where to take sample in case of bacterial meningitis:

CSF

Herpes virus 1, myeloencephalitis, how to diagnose:

PCR

Role of copper in wound Healing: Collagen synthesis Epithelization Both None

Which breed is predisposed to atopic dermatitis: Arabian Appaloosa Standarbreed Pony/shetland

Arabian

How can you avoid blood clot/thrombosis?

􀶷 Acetylsalicylic acid (*Irreversibly thins the blood!!)

Treatment of colitis: Feed hay AB Give MG with NG tube ??

Feed hay noo idea! AB is not always used

When are the first elastic fibres formed in a wound? 􀶷 48 hrs 􀶷 5-7 days 􀶷 4 weeks 􀶷 20-28 days

4 weeks 48 hr = fibroblasts 5-7 = collagen

What EHV causes skin disorders? 􀶷 EHV- 2 􀶷 EHV-3 􀶷 EHV-4

􀶷 EHV-3 (Coital Exanthema) 􀶷 EHV- 2 (foal resp) [EHV-1: Resp + CNS] 􀶷 EHV-3 (Coital Exanthema) 􀶷 EHV-4 (Rhinitis)

How do we examine stress fractures in the pelvis? 􀶷 Scintigraphy 􀶷 CT 􀶷 MRI

Scintigraphy

What can we gain from blood samples using a Na citrate tube? 􀶷 WBC count 􀶷 Coagulation, aPTT, prothrombin & fibrinogen 􀶷 Glucose and lactate 􀶷 total protein

Total protein?? 􀶷 WBC count = EDTA - Purple 􀶷 Coagulation, aPTT, prothrombin & fibrinogen = blue 􀶷 Glucose and lactate = Na-flurade - grey

When giving a tarsometatarsal nerve block, what other area can also be blocked? 􀶷 Tarsocrural 􀶷 Distal intertarsal joint 􀶷 Proximal intertarsal joint

􀶷 Tarsocrural

Which suture is this? - Horizontal (U) Mattress suture - Vertical (U) Mattress suture - Simple Interrupted - Subcutis

- Vertical (U) Mattress suture

There was an xray photo 􀍴 we want to see the dorsal medial aspect of the fetlock joint, what view? 􀶷 LM 􀶷 Dorsal-palmar 􀶷 dorsal medial-palmar lateral oblique 􀶷 Lateral palmer dorsal medial oblique

􀶷 dorsal medial-palmar lateral oblique ?? 􀶷 Lateral palmer dorsal medial oblique - The view tells where the beam is coming from and the view we want to see os the one closest to the cassette

What parenchymal organ can you palpate rectally in a healthy horse? 􀶷 Urinary bladder 􀶷 Liver 􀶷 Spleen 􀶷 Stomach

Spleen ??

If a descemetocele is stained by fluorescein: 􀶷 The Descemet's membrane remains permanently stained 􀶷 The stroma has stain uptake, but the Descemet's membrane hasn't 􀶷 Superficial epithelial loss can be detected 􀶷 The stroma hasn`t stain uptake, but the Descemet's membrane has

􀶷 The stroma has stain uptake, but the Descemet's membrane hasn't

To give a subconjunctival injection in an alert horse? 􀶷 Maximum 3ml (cc) can be injected 􀶷 Infraorbital nerve block should be used 􀶷 Retrobulbar anaesthesia should be used 􀶷 Topical anaesthesia should be used

􀶷 Topical anaesthesia should be used

Which one of the following drugs is suitable for the treatment of equine metabolic syndrome? 􀶷 Bromocryptine 􀶷 Metformin 􀶷 Cyproheptadine 􀶷 Pergolide

􀶷 Metformin

Which one of the following conditions is related to Vitamin E deficiency? 􀶷 Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis 􀶷 Recurrent rhabdomyolysis 􀶷 Tying up syndrome 􀶷 Equine motor neuron disease

􀶷 Equine motor neuron disease

On an ultrasound of the abdomen what is an abnormal finding? 􀶷 horizontal taenia on right-hand side 􀶷 epiploic foramen 􀶷 Hilus of the spleen and stomach are together 􀶷 intussusception of the small colon or intestines or something

􀶷 intussusception of the small colon or intestines or something

Are antibiotics indicated in all cases of colitis? - salmonella can be ruled out - Laxatives can be used (no main sign of colitis is diarrhoea) - Antibiotics are NOT always used

- Antibiotics are NOT always used

How can you treat an anterior (corneal?) abscess?

ERU Pars Plana Vitrectomy

What kind of surgical procedure can be used to treat a deep stromal corneal abscess in a horse? - Grid keratotomy - Enucleation - Pars plana vitrectomy - Penetrating or lamellar keratoplasty

- Penetrating or lamellar keratoplasty

What kind of surgical procedure can be used to treat an indolent chronic superficial corneal ulcer in a horse? a) Trans palpebral enucleation b) Subscleral cyclosporine implantation c) Third eyelid flap d) Superficial keratectomy or keratotomy

d) Superficial keratectomy or keratotomy

What kind of narcotic system is appropriate for equine anaesthesia?

- Closed circle

Which is a specific indicator of hepatic diseases? - Indirect bilirubin - Urine bilirubin - Albumin - LDH-3

- Urine bilirubin

What kind of diagnostic procedure should be performed in case of a deep melting ulcer? - cytology from cornea - Microbiological sampling from the cornea - Fluoresceine staining - All listed above

- All listed above

Which is immune mediated?

-purpura haemorrhagica

Clinical signs of EHV-1 myeloencephalopathy

- urinary incontinence

At what % do you need a transfusion after acute blood loss

<12%

At what % do you need a transfusion after acute blood loss

<12%