PQs Flashcards
Which vitamin can not be synthesized by guinea pigs?
Vitamin C
What is characteristic of poxvirus infection in reptiles?
In reptiles, the poxvirus is epitheliotropic
dermatitis
Which test step is essential when testing a guinea pig?
View of teeth in the oral cavity
What disease can develop in a Greek turtle in a room terrarium without a UV light source?
rickets
What is the primary thing to do if the owner calls for help on the phone, because a guinea pig by itself does
not eat much, gubbaszt.
forcefeed with High fiber Diet
bring for general examination
Which litter should be used for guinea pigs?
woodshavings
(chips)
Which substrate/ socket in the terrarium of day geckos is not suitable
ideally garden sand
but also dry sand
In which species is porphyrin secretion characteristic of the eye
rat
porphyrin secreted from eye and nose
mouse porphyrin secretion
Harderian Gland
reddish porphyrin secretion under the eye
What is not a consideration in the dietary choices of real herbivores?
intestinal obstruction
In rabbits, which problem is the surgical indication in most cases?
Overgrowth of incisors
What does swelling of the harderian gland cause in turtles?
Eyelid swelling
What to look for when changing feeds for guinea pigs
Gradua Alaptation
Introducing a new thing at 1 time
In the case of guinea pigs, in which disease should the zoonotic character be emphasized?
Fungal skin lesions
Trichophyton mentagrophytes
Which chameleon disease is an immediate surgical indication?
egg and follicular disease
How to treat atheromas in guinea pigs?
Surgical removal
For which 4 species is it true that they are all true herbivores?
Rabbit, guinea pig, chinchilla, degu
not - rat, horse, gerbil
What is the therapeutic dose of vitamin A in turtles?
300 IU / kg
What to do in case of cloaca outbreak in reptile species?
in fresh cases
surgical replacement is a priority
Which species has a dusky lifestyle?
Guinea pig
Which hormone test should you ask for a guinea pig blood test if you experience significant weight loss and
there are no other reasons that can be ruled out on a x-ray or dental examination?
Thyroxine
In a 40-degree, desert-type terrarium, what happens to snake mite eggs?
They dry out quickly and die
What is the first step in treating turtle egg retention?
Administration of calcium and oxytocin
What problem should be considered primarily when young rabbits develop nervous system symptoms?
Encephalitozoonosis
Which two species are characterized by yellowish incisors?
Chinchilla, degu
Which species is characterized by induced ovulation?
Rabbit
Where does bacterial fermentation take place?
Caecum
Which skin problem is absolutely necessary to prove a skin scratch test in a guinea pig test?
Dermatophytosis
demodex
In which species is the so-called “cafatolt” moulting?
corn snake - tattered type shedding
Which statement is true?
In reptiles, the surface of freshly formed burns can be considered virtually sterile
in california king snakes
what can a snake mite infection cause?
The so-called “cafatolt” shedding
Which species of Mycoplasma can cause pneumonia in reptiles?
Mycoplasma agassizii
In which tuberculosis of birds does the primary complex most often develop
intestines - in all cases
What causes pneumonia verimosa in snakes?
Rhabdias sp.
In which organ do ciliated-whip parasites cause inflammation in snakes when kept at suboptimal
temperatures?
Intestinal tract
which species is characterized by active ophiophagia?
king cobras
When is the physiology of fatty liver degeneration in reptiles?
Acute hepatitis
In which species there is no so-called. “sham bladder”?
corn snake
How many degrees is it recommended for Greek turtles to overwinter?
Around 5 degrees C.
What is the causative agent of parathyroid disease in parrots?
Herpes virus
What can cause rhinitis i.e. the RNA syndrome in terrestrial turtles?
Iridovirus infection
What effect can gentamicin have on reptiles?
Nephrotoxic
What causes cryptosporidium serpentis in snakes?
Hypertrophic gastritis
Knemidocoptes sp. in which organ does it cause changes in birds?
In the skin, especially around the beak and legs
Which statement is true before the wintering of terrestrial turtles?
Constantly get fiber-rich green plant parts according to your appetite, which will also help overwinter the intestinal microbes. of the gut
In which group of reptiles is paramyxovirus pneumonia characteristic?
Snakes
What is the pathogen of parrot disease?
Chlamydophyla psittaci
Where is the gallbladder of snakes located?
next to spleen, further away from liver
What can cause tongue fallout in chameleons?
Hypocalcaemia
What is the incubation period for circovirus infection in parrots?
21-44 days
In which species is Entamoeba invadent not a commensalist
corn snake
What are the symptoms of hypovitaminosis B1 in fish-eating snakes?
cns signs
When is food rejection abnormal in a red-tailed boa?
in case of mite infection
When is smallpox more common in exotic birds?
End of summer
What can cause stomatitis in Greek turtles?
herpes
What is the excretory product of in aquatic reptiles? What does the kidney excrete?
Allantoin
What could be one possible cause of 3-week posthibernation anorexia in a Greek turtle?
The air in the wintering room was too dry and the reptile dried up
in which species can Geophaiga be physiological?
Greek turtle
Where and what lesions do we find in the case of megabacteriosis
inflammation of gastric gland
What does haemipenis retractoris muscle injury cause in snakes
penile prolapse
What is the therapeutic dose of ivermectin in a Greek turtle?
Not used because it is toxic to terrestrial turtles
what is red leg syndrome in amphibians?
a. Bilirubin disorder in amphibians caused by liver changes
b. Acute incest in amphibians
c. Rachitis in amphibians
d. Gastritis and enteritis in amphibians
d. Gastritis and enteritis in amphibians
What is characteristic for the incisors of the rabbits?
a. double
b. missing
c. Only 2 grom in a row
d. Only 1 growi a row
a. double
On what basis kidney disorder can cause MBD in reptiles?
a. Increased excretion of Ca
b. Kidney disorders can never cause MBD in reptiles
c. Increased excretion of K
d. Increased excreton of Fe
a. Increased excretion of Ca
When can the shedding cycle shorten in reptiles?
a. Never
b. In case of lower environmental temperature
c. If the air is more humid in the terrarium
d. After surgeries or injuries
d. After surgeries or injuries
Which species are able to quick color change, what we are also looking for as part of the
physical examination?
a. Red-tailed boa (Boa constrictor)
b. Leopard gecko
c. Veiled Chameleon
d. greek tortoise
c. Veiled Chameleon
in what species can wet shell rot appear
a. Aquatic turtles
b. Giant snakes (boas and phytons)
c. Chameleons
d. Terrastrial tortoises
a. Aquatic turtles
Which statement is FALSE?
a. In reptiles hemipenis prolapse always have to be amputated
b. On of the causes of hemipenis prolapse in reptiles can be the injury of the rectractor
muscles
c. On of the causes of hemipenis prolapse in reptiles can be the strangulation of the
organ during mating
d. The newly prolapsed hemipenis can be put back to its pouch
a. In reptiles hemipenis prolapse always have to be amputated
Which statement is TRUE?
a. Some of the rabbits have atropináz enzyme
b. You can not give ketamine to rabbits
c. It is very easy to intubate rabbits
d. Atropine is increasing the motility in rabbits
a. Some of the rabbits have atropináz enzyme
Which statement is TRUE for Barded dragons?
a. They are herbivores, and only eat plant parts
b. They are insectivorous
c. They are egg-eaters
d. They are on a mixed diet, half insects and half plant-based
d. They are on a mixed diet, half insects and half plant-based
What is Herpes virus cause in terrastrial tortoises?
a. Muscle degeneration
b. Nephritis
c. Panophthalmitis
d. Diphteroid inflammation in the oro-pharyngeal cavity
d. Diphteroid inflammation in the oro-pharyngeal cavity
What are Cryptospridiums cause in snakes?
a. Hyperthrophyc gastritis
b. Atrophic gastritis
c. Nothing, the disease is not known is reptiles
d. NEphritis purulenta
a. Hyperthrophyc gastritis
Which statement is TRUE?
a. In birds, ultrasonoghraphic examination is the best imaging method
b. Never examine birds with an endoscope because of the complications
c. The air-sacs of the birds are narrowing the possibilities of the ultrasonographic examinations
d. Never examine birds with an X-ray
c. The air-sacs of the birds are narrowing the possibilities of the ultrasonographic examinations
What is a successful treatment for entamoebiasis in reptiles?
a. Gentamycin
b. Enrofloxacin
c. Metronidasole
d. A-vitamin and anti-inflammatory agents
c. Metronidasole
Which virus can cause rhinitis in terrastrial tortoises?
a. Poxvirus
b. Adenovirus
c. Paramyxovirus
d. Herpesvirus
d. Herpesvirus
What is the most common cause of gout (arthritis) in chameleons?
a. C-vitamin overdose
b. A-vitamin overdose
c. Hypovolaemia due to thirst
d. From over-drinking
c. Hypovolaemia due to thirst
What can cause beak overgrowth in terrastrial tortoises?
a. Low-fibre containing feed
b. High-fibre containing feed
c. This disease is not exsisting
d. we dont know the source
a. Low-fibre containing feed
Which statement is TRUE?
a. After hibernation, posthibernation anrexia is physiological for a few days
b. After hibernation, posthibernation anrexia is not physiological
c. Reptiles have a good appetite after waking up from winter
d. Reptiles can fasting for weeks after waking up from winter
After hibernation, posthibernation anrexia is physiological for a few days in snakes
What is the difference between the male and the female Diamond doves?
a. Nothing, they can only been differentiated by endoscopic examination
b. Males have a wide carmine-red circle around their eyes
c. Males have a narrower carmine-red circle around their eyes than females
d. Males have yellow dots around their eyes
b. Males have a wide carmine-red circle around their eyes
What poxvirus cause in reptiles?
a. Chronic incest
b. It is not known in reptiles
c. Multiplex, nodular/nodule-forming dermatitis
d. Multiplex, nodular/ nodule-forming gastritis
c. Multiplex, nodular/nodule-forming dermatitis
Which statement is true?
a. In chameleons one of the cause of tonge prolapse is hypocalcaemia
b. In chameleons one of the cause of tonge prolapse is hypercalcaemia
c. In chameleons one of the cause of tonge prolapse is C-vitamin overdose
d. In chameleons one of the cause of tonge prolapse is E-vitamin overdose
a. In chameleons one of the cause of tonge prolapse is hypocalcaemia
Which statement is TRUE?
a. In birds, never take blood from the jugular vein
b. We can only take blood from the jugular vein from awake birds
c. We should take blood from the jugular vein in anesthesia
d. In birds, we can only take blood from the arteries
b. We can only take blood from the jugular vein from awake birds
What happens with the snake mites in 40°C?
a. Developing faster
b. Developing slower
c. Dry out and die
d. Nothin, the temperature is not affecting them
c. Dry out and die
Preovulational follicular retentio is frequent is which species?
a. Corn snake
b. Red-tail boa
c. Not known in reptiles
d. Veiled chameleon
d. Veiled chameleon
What can cabbage overfeeding cause in tortoise?
a. Nothing
b. Thyroid dysfunction
c. Adrenal dysfunction
d. Sexual dysfunction
b. Thyroid dysfunction
When can US have significance in reptile examination:
- to investigate fractures
- look for foreigh bodies that doesnt give Xray shadow
- exam.of bone tumors
- exam of repraring of fractures
- look for foreigh bodies that doesnt give Xray shadow
What does paramyxovirus of snakes causes?
- nephritis
- often pneumonia
- ochritis
- acut gastritis
- often pneumonia
What causes goiter in land tortoises?
- iron defic.
- Iodine defic.
- alminium defic.
- Iodine defic.
What does Entamobainvadens causes in herbivors reptiles?
- usually not pathogenic
- hypertrophic gastritis
- diphteroid typhlitis
- acut pneumonia
- usually not pathogenic
Whats the color of the iris of the yellow-coronate cockatoo?
black
yellow
grey
brown
black
What does Rhabdias spp. worms cause in snakes?
- pneumonia
- gastritis
- enteritis
- stomatitis
- pneumonia
Which statement is true?
- Pythons doesnt leave their nests, they produce heat by little muscle contractions. This is called brooding
- Pythons doesnt leave their nests, they produce heat by elevating thyroxin level in their
blood. This is called brooding
- Pythons doesnt leave their nests, they produce heat by decreasing thyroxin level in their
blood. This is called brooding
- Pythons doesnt leave their nests, they produce heat by elevating oxytocin level in their
blood. This is called brooding
- Pythons doesnt leave their nests, they produce heat by little muscle contractions. This is called brooding
What does Ca defic.causes is land tortoises?
- goiter
- hyperplasia of the adrenal gland
- hyperplasia of parathyroid
- hypoplasia of parathyroid
- hyperplasia of the parathyroid gland
Which statement is true?
- if reptiles dont find sufficient egg laying place, complete egg retention will happen
- the insufficient temperature of the terrarim during egg layig is NOT cause of egg retention
- disturbance of the animal during egg layig is NOT cause of egg retention
- if reptiles dont find sufficient egg laying place, complete egg retention will happen
When the plastron of a Testudo hermanni tunrs red, the animal is lethargig and has anorexy, you
think of:
- prepares for hybernationaa
- prepares for egg laying
- acute septicemia
- acute septicemia
Whis is FALSE:
- cause of tattered shedding can be the too low humidity of the terrarium during shedding
- cause of tattered shedding can be mite infestation
- cause of tattered shedding can be the lack of objects helping shedding
- there is no tattered shedding in reptiles
- there is no tattered shedding in reptiles
What can depletion of uric acid cause in the joints reptiles?
- nothing, they dont cumlate in the joints
- septic arthritis
- aseptic arthritis
- it accumplates in joints but dont case anything
- aseptic arthritis
When the uric acid compartment of feces becomes grassgreen, its disease of:
- liver
- brain
- spleen
- lung
- liver
Whats the role of UV light in reptiles?
- no role
- helps to detect prey
- has role in synthesis of provitamin of vitD in the skin
- has role in synthesis of vitA in the skin
- has role in synthesis of provitamin of vitD in the skin
Why does hypovitaminosis of D vit causes ricketts in reptiles?
- theres no role of vit D in development of rikcketts in reptiles
- in D vit defic., theres disturbance of abrorption of proteins, so the bony matrix cant develop
- in D vit defic., the Ca binding preoteins are decreased, thats altering the absorption of Ca
- in D vit defic., the P binding preoteins are decreased, thats altering the absorption of P
- in D vit defic., the Ca binding preoteins are decreased, thats altering the absorption of Ca
For what species ophiophagia is characteristic?
- Veiled chameleon
- king snake
- Hermann turtle
- leopard gecko
- king snake
For what do chameleos use their tounge?
- grab prey
- suck up water
- lick lectar
- catch scent stimuli
- grab prey
What happens to day geckos if they loose their horny claw of palm?
- nothing
- they cant hunt coz the prey slipps from their feet
- they cant swim
- they cant climb p on vertical walls
- they cant climb p on vertical walls
What antibiotic is neprotoxic in reptiles?
- no such AB
- gentamycin
- enrofloxacin
- doxyciclin
- gentamycin
What causes uricosis in Green iguana?
- overfeeding of green plants
- overfeeding of animal protein
- iron defic.
- vit C defic.
- overfeeding of animal protein
Where do we examine if a bird is underconditioned?
- at breast muscles at carina
- palpate abdominal fat
- muscles of the hindlimbs
- it cant be examined coz of the feather cover
- at breast muscles at carina
Which species tend to have tounge prolapse?
- hermann tortoise
- Spur-thighed tortoise =Greek
- corn snake
- Veiled chameleon
- Veiled chameleon
What is FALSE?
- ceratophagi is physiological in leopard geckos
- ceratophagi is physiological in chameleons
- ceratophagi is physiological in hermanns tortoise
- ceratophagi is physiological in some calotes (eg.bearded dragon) spp
- ceratophagi is physiological in hermanns tortoise
When is X-ray NOT relevant in reptiles?
- corneal opacity
- suspect of fractures
- suspect. of ricketts
- suspect of pneumonia
- corneal opacity
Symmetric alopecia appears on a 3 years old female guinea pig.
What is your possible diagnosis?
A. Hyperthyreosis
B. Ovarian cysts
C. Zn-deficiency
D. Castratio-responsive alopecia
B. Ovarian cysts
A rodent patient has pruritic dermatitis, and the skin scraping is
negative. Which is the best idea to do?
A. B-lactam antibiotics + glucocorticoids
B. Anti-parasitic treatment
C. Washing with anti-fungal shampoo 2-3 times a day
D. Intracutan allergy test
B. Anti-parasitic treatment
Which is the most common cause of fur chewing in chinchillas?
A. Bad husbandry, small cage
B. Vitamin and mineral deficiency
C. Disturbing the mother and the litter
D. Low fiber diet
D. Low fiber diet
Which species does not have marking glands?
A. Syrian golden hamster
B. Roborowsky dwarf hamster
C. Mongolian gerbil
D. Degu
D. Degu
What is the etiology of malocclusion in rodents?
A. Genetic predisposition
B. Iatrogenous harm
C. Malnutrition
D. All three is possible
D. All three is possible
What is typical of mucoid enteritis?
A. Disease of old rabbits caused by E. coli?
B. Yeast owergrowth in the intestines of weaning rabbits
C. Mucous-like faeces in chinchillas caused by Clostridium spp.
D. Disease of young rabbits with an unknown origin, with pH changes in the caecum?
D. Disease of young rabbits with an unknown origin, with pH changes in the caecum?
What is the antibiotic that can be used orally in rodents?
A. Sulfometoxazol
B. Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid
C. Clindamycin
D. None of them
A. Sulfometoxazol
What is not the etiology of CRD in rats?
A. Mycoplasma pulmonis infection
B. Latent virus infections
C. High ammonia level in the air
D. Traumatic injury
D. Traumatic injury
What is typical of hypercalcuria in rabbits?
A. Physiological under 2 months
B. Needs surgical treatment
C. The urinary bladder is full of crystal-sludge
D. Can be treated by lowering the pH of the urine
C. The urinary bladder is full of crystal-sludge
Which is true for ovarian cysts in guinea pigs?
A. You need an US-examination for the diagnosis
B. It can be palpated during routine physical examination
C. You need to prove your diagnosis by needle aspiration
D. You need to prove your diagnosis by measuring progesterone levels
B. It can be palpated during routine physical examination
which is true regarding guinea pigs
A. It is recommended to breed them in an intensive-way
B. High calcium levels in the diet
C. Males must be kept separately after parturition
D. Males are also taking care of the youths
C. Males must be kept separately after parturition
Which is true for pregnancy toxicosis in rodents?
A. Low calcium diet plays a big role in the etiology
B. It is not possible to prevent the disease
C. IV. glucose, and hepato-protectans are effective treatments
D. Usually poor prognosis in spite of the treatment
D. Usually poor prognosis in spite of the treatment
You diagnose a swelling of the mammary gland on a 2 years old rat.
What to do next?
A. Give Enrofloxacin, because bacterial mastitis is common
B. Cytology, surgical removal, based on cytology results
C. Glucocorticoid treatment
D. Observing the size, control examination once a year
B. Cytology, surgical removal, based on cytology results
How can a rabbit get infected with Encephalitozoonosis?
A. The infectious form spreads with the urine
B. It is an arthropod-born disease
C. The infectious form spreads with the faeces
D. Only by eating the meat of an infected individual
A. The infectious form spreads with the urine
When was the ferret domesticated?
A. More than 2000 years ago
B. Approximately 1000 years ago
C. Approximately 500 years ago
D. Approximately 100 years ago
A. More than 2000 years ago
When can you neuter a female ferret?
A. Only if she is older than 9 months
B. Only after the first oestrus
C. Only during the first oestrus
D. At any time, when she is full-grown
B. Only after the first oestrus
What is overproduced in Ferret Adrenal Gland Disease Complex?
A. Sexual steroid
B. Mineralocorticoid
C. Glucocorticoid
D. Adrenalin
A. Sexual steroid
Which is false about the GnRH analogues used for treatment of
Ferret Adrenal Gland Disease Complex?
A. In small dose they stimulate the secretion of LH and FSH
B. In high dose they reduce the amount of the GnRH receptors
C. When injected or implanted, they reduce the secretion of the LH and FSH
D. They directly affect the melatonin secretion
D. They directly affect the melatonin secretion
What drug is used for medical treatment of insulinoma?
A. Diazoxid
B. Deslorelin
C. Dehidropiandrosteron
D. Suprelorin
A. Diazoxid
Which is false about the ferret’s gastrointestinal tract?
A. Cannot use carbohydrates efficiently
B. Cannot digest fiber
C. Minimal gut flora
D. Meat only food is the best for ferrets
D. Meat only food is the best for ferrets
A 9 moths old, non-neutered female ferret has alopecia, but her skin
is intact. Which causes is the most likely?
A. Insulinoma
B. Ovarian-remnant syndrome
C. Adrenal Gland Disease Complex
D. Prolonged oestrous
D. Prolonged oestrous
A spayed female ferret has vulvar swelling, alopecia (intact skin)
four years after the neutering. Which cause is the most likely?
A. Insulinoma
B. Ovarian-remnant syndrome
C. Adrenal Gland Disease Complex
D. Prolonged oestrous
C. Adrenal Gland Disease Complex
Prolonged oestrus in ferrets…
A. …will disappear when the heat ends
B. …will lead to parthenogenesis
C. …can cause the death of the animal, because of the suppression of the bone-marrow function
D. …can cause the death of the animal, because it induces adrenal gland tumour
C. …can cause the death of the animal, because of the suppression of the bone-marrow function
Which is true for the ovary of birds?
A. Only exists on the left side
B. Only exists on the right side
C. Both sides are the same
D. Ovulation only to the left oviduct from both ovaries
a. Only exists on the left side
Which is false for the nutrition of parrots?
A. Based on sunflower-seeds causes nutritional imbalances
B. Pulses and tropical fruits can be added to the food
C. The nutrition based on commercial pellets can cause addiction and nutritional imbalances
D. Feeding seeds with high fat content can cause hepatic disease
C. The nutrition based on commercial pellets can cause addiction and nutritional imbalances
Which one you must not miss, while examining a bird?
A. Body temperature
B. Palpation of the pulse
C. Breathing rate
D. Observing the uropygeal gland
C. Breathing rate
Which is true for polyuria in birds?
A. Excreting much yellowish urine allows easy diagnosis
B. It is easy to differentiate from diarrhoea, because birds do not excrete urine
C. It can only be differentiated from diarrhoea with lab work
D. It is difficult to differentiate from diarrhoea, because birds do not excrete
A. Excreting much yellowish urine allows easy diagnosis
Spaying of the legs appears in a juvenile African grey parrot. What to
do next?
A. Careful neurologic examination, vaccination of all birds against Marek-disease
B. Measuring uric-acid level, ultrasonography of the kidneys
C. X-ray to exclude rachitis (old word for rickets)
D. Biotin supplementation
C. X-ray to exclude rachitis
You take a swab-sample from the crop for Trichomonas examination.
What do you do with the sample?
A. Put it in transport medium and put it in the fridge
B. Put it in transport medium, and keep it on room temperature
C. Make a smear sample and fixate it
D. Examine a native smear directly
D. Examine a native smear directly
What is/are the best sites of venepuncture in birds?
A. Vena caudalis tibialis and vena cephalica
B. Sinus venous occipitalis
C. Vena jugularis and vena cutanea ulnaris
D. Vena medialis metatarsalis
C. Vena jugularis and vena cutanea ulnaris
How is the erythrocyte morphology in birds?
A. Oval cells, dark nucleus, homologous abundant cytoplasm
B. Round cells, without nucleus, homologous abundant cytoplasm
C. Square cells, oval nucleus, and small amount of homologous cytoplasm
D. Huge, amoeboid cells, small amount of homologous cytoplasm
A. Oval cells, dark nucleus, homologous abundant cytoplasm
