PQs Flashcards
1
Q
AMEG A
A
only for SAM
Glycopeptides (not Food Producing)
2
Q
AMEG B
A
CIA - FQ(Enrofloxacin, Marbofloxacin), 3rd/4th Gen.Cephalosporins (Ceftiofur, Cefquinome), Colistin
3
Q
AMEG C
A
Amoxicillin-clavulinic acid
Gentamycin (Aminoglycosides) Florfenicol (Phenicols)
Lincomycin (Lincosamides) Tiamlulin, Valnemulin (Pleuromutilins)
Tylosin phosphate + tartarate, tylvalosin, tilmicosin, tulathromycin, Gamithromycin, Tildipirosin (Macrolides)
1st/2nd Gen.Cephalosporins
4
Q
AMEG D
A
Penicillin Amoxicillin Pot SA Tetracyclines : Oxy, Chlor, Doxy cycline
5
Q
For how long shall be valid a vet prescription for veterinary medicinal products from the date of its issue, according to the new EU regulation ?
A
For 5 days
6
Q
Gentamicin belongs to ?
A
AMEG C
7
Q
How did change the vet AM comsumtion during the last 5 years in the EU ?
A
Decreased
8
Q
How would you describe the pharmacokinetic properties of colistin and gentamicin ?
A
Absorption of colistin and gentamycin are very low from GI
9
Q
Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale is frequent resistant to his AB ?
A
Tylosin + difloxacin
10
Q
Systemic treatment needed in this case of otitis ?
A
Suppurative otitis externa
11
Q
This agent is effective against Actinobacillus suis and mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in swine ?
A
Enrofloxacin IM, Tulathromycin IM, Lincomycin-spectinomycin IM
12
Q
This drug can be effectively used in cystitis in dogs if it is caused by enterococci or lactamase producing E.Coli ?
A
Amox clavulinic acid + amox alone
13
Q
This drug is authorised for poultry and can be effective against fowl cholera ?
A
Amoxicillin
14
Q
Drug authorised for poultry and can be effective against ulcerative enteritis ?
A
Phenoxymethylpeniccilin
15
Q
What is the route of administration for gamythromycin in swine ?
A
IM
16
Q
First line choice for chronic pharyngitis in dogs ?
A
Azithromycin/Clarithromycin
17
Q
Systemic treatment of MRSP pyoderma in dogs ?
A
Rifampicin (+ Mupirocin, Fusidic acid, Amikacin, Florphenicol, Chloramphenicol)
18
Q
Parameter pharmacokinetic ?
A
Cmax
19
Q
Zinc sulphate topically ?
A
Interdigital dermatitis
20
Q
Single shot AB can be against ?
A
BRDC
21
Q
It is inevitable to remember the phamacodynamic properties of certain antimicrobilas to be able to reduce the spreading of resistance. Based on this knowledge macrolide antibiotics are adviced to use in high dosages for short period of time
A
False
22
Q
Tulathromycin can reach e!ective concentration in lung and this concentration persist in lung until one week.
A
True
23
Q
Enrofloxacin is excellent in the treatment of pneumonia caused by gram negative fastidious pathogens in swine and it is outstanding activity against Mycoplasma species.
A
True
24
Q
Amoxicillin is authorized only for intramuscular administration in both swine and cattle
A
False
25
As of February 2022, the prophylactic use of antimicrobials will be limited to the individual treatment of animals.
False
26
The most common form of antibiotics used by veterinarians is a solution and premix
True
27
The spread of antimicrobial resistance can be slowed down?
True
28
From 2022, when antibiotics are added to feed, the duration of prophylactic treatment must not exceed two weeks
False
29
The efficacy of oral chlortetracycline against mycoplasmas in poultry species is uncertain due to poor absorption
True
30
In poultry species, tilmicosin may be most effective in treating diseases caused by Spirochaeta spp.
False (penicillins)
31
Oral sulfonamide-trimetroprim combinations are particularly effective against mycoplasmas in poultry species.
False
32
The PK/PD analysis (AUC/MIC modell) helps estimate the degree of spreading antimicrobial resistance. The higher the ratio the higher the chance is for selection of mutant bacteria resistant to the given antimicrobial agent.
False
33
Acquired resistance to fluoroquinolones in pathogenic bacteria develops gradually and in several stages only after several weeks of treatment.
False
34
There is a UTI infection in a German shepherd dog. From the urine sample E. coli could be cultured, which has 32 μg/ml MIC value to amoxicillin. Regarding to the table, the substance will be effective during the treatment.
Amoxicillin 200ug/ml
32x8 = 256 > 200
| True
35
There is a UTI infection in a shih-tzu dog. From the urine sample MRSA could be cultured, which has 64 μg/ml MIC value to amikacin. Regarding to the table and PK/PD analysis, the substance will NOT be effective during the treatment
Amikacin 342 ug/ml
64x8=512 >342
| True
36
There is a UTI infection in a ten-year-old Persian cat. From the urine sample E. coli could be cultured, which has 4 μg/ml MIC value to cefovecin. Regarding to the table and PK/PD analysis, the substance will be effective during the treatment.
Cefovecin 9ug/ml
4x8 = 32 > 9
| False (??)
37
There is a UTI infection in a four-year-old pug. From the urine sample Enterococcus fecalis could be cultured, which has 8 μg/ml MIC value to doxycycline. Regarding to the table and PK/PD analysis, the substance will NOT be e!ective during the treatment
Doxycycline: 53ug/ml
8x8 =64>53
| False
38
It is proven, that animal products can transfer antimicrobial resistance to people, the most important and versatile vector of it is the E. coli.
True
39
In case of time dependent bactericidal antibiotics their maximum concentration should be at least six times higher in the treated compartment then the MIC volume of the given antibiotic agent for the given infectious bacterium isolate
False
40
Multiple causes can be present in the background of BRDS, while the treatment of which the bacterial resistance is rare. Most of the empirically suitable antibiotics can
treat the disease in case of P. multocida, M. haemolytica and M. bovis infectious
background as well
False
41
In case of bovine P. multocida respiratory disease the MIC value for ceftiofur is 0,004 mg/μl. The concentration reached in the PELF, in the blood and in the pulmonary interstitial fluid is higher than the MIC value for more than 8 days. This means a correct drug choice for the treatment of the infectious disease.
True
42
In case of ruminant Porphyromonas levii interdigital dermatitis, although the substance can be present at the site of infection in high concentrations, using tetracyclin locally is not advised due to the bacterial resistance against the substance.
False
43
Target receptor of amitraz
Octopamine rcpt
44
Topically for canine pyoderma
Neomycin, Gentamycin, Silver Sulfadiazine, Erythromycin, Azithromycin
Mupirocin/Fusidic acid (MRSP/MRSA)
Chlorhexidine
45
SE of florfenicol
Anemia
46
Which statement is true about the following sentence? Usually systemic treatment is not needed in case of intertrigo, because bacteria cannot reach deeper part of the skin in this disease
Whole sentence true
47
What is general indication for AB ?
The product is indicated for several bacteria which are listed in the indication.
48
This drug is not authorized for poultry in the European Union ?
Chloramphenicol
Gentamycin
Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid
49
Which statement is true about the following sentence? Susceptibility testing should always be performed before treating folliculitis, because bacterial susceptibility is difficult to estimate in case of deep pyodermas
2nd part is true ?
50
This drug is very effective against fastidious bacteria and mycoplasmae as well and has excellent distribution.
Enrofloxacin (?)
| Tulathromycin
51
Which statement is true about foot diseases in ruminants ?
Interdigital dermatitis can be treated with tetracycline spray, because high, effective concentration can be reached with topical treatment at the site of infection
52
This drug can be used for the treatment of foot rot, as it is active against anaerobic bacteria and its penetration is good.
Tulathromycin
53
"In PK/PD analysis for the treatment of respiratory infections,bacteria's MIC value should be compared to the drug's concentration in the...
Blood plasma, urine, PELF = pulmonary epithelial lining fluid
54
Administration colistin swine
PO + IM = parenteral
55
In poultry, E coli can cause
CRD + Septicaemia
| granulomatosis + arthritis
56
Which statement is true about BRDC?
Fastidious organisms are the most frequent bacteria present. Luckily, resistance is usually low in them to most antibiotics.
57
Single shot AB good for
Resp infections
58
Lincomycin in swine
PO and IM
59
Amox + clavulinic acid in swine ?
oral + parenterally
60
Resistance rates are the worst in this species:
Poultry
61
Most typical mechanism of action of decreased susceptibility to macrocyclic lactones
Increased transport
62
This drug is very effective against fastidious bacteria and mycoplasma as well and has excellent distribution
Gamithromycin
63
Which statement is true about the following sentence?
In case of furunculosis, usually 3 weeks of systemic antibacterial treatment needed, because gram-negative rods are frequent in this disease
2nd part is true (?)
64
Which of the following bacteria cannot produce beta-lactamase enzymes?
Streptococcus suis
65
Which statement is true about the following sentence? It is prohibited to combined lasalocide with macrolides, because toxic interactions can occur between monovalent ionophore and macrolide antibiotics
The whole sentence is true
66
What is the recommended treatment duration in feline rhinotracheitis?
7-10 days acute, 4-6 weeks chronic
67
An in vivo test method for determining resistance to anthelmintics
Faecal egg count reduction test
68
Florfenicol can have this side effect in dogs
none ? (chloramphenicol has)
69
Which statement is true about the following sentence? Usually there’s a background disease behind pyoderma, which is most commonly allergy or parasitic infection
The whole sentence is true
70
Most typical mechanism of action of real resistance to fipronil
Ligand-mediated chloride ion channel intracellular domain alteration
71
Which of the following drugs can be cross-resistant?
Dieldrin and fipronil
72
Most typical mechanism of action of decreased susceptibility to organophosphates
Increased activity of esterase enzymes
73
Mechanism of resistance to.... Is ligand-mediated chloride ion channel intracellular domain alteration
Isooxazolines
74
Most typical mechanism of action of real resistance to benzimidazoles
Beta-tubulin binding site change
75
Mechanism of resistance is to.... is changes in nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
Imidazothiazoles
76
Most typical mechanism of action of decreased susceptibility to pyrethroids
Increased efflux
77
Which statement is true about BRDC?
Fastidious organisms, resistance is low
78
Which anti liver fluke agent is characteristic to be active against young flukes under 6 weeks of age?
Closantel
79
Which statement is true about the following sentence? Tris-EDTA is a recommended agent it otitis externa, because it has good antibiofilm effect
The whole sentence is true
80
Which statement is true about the following sentence? it is enough to treat superficial pyoderma only topically, because bacteria are only present on the skin’s surface in this case
The whole sentence is false
81
Which statement is true about the following sentence? Poultry feed cannot contain narazin if the animals are treated with tiamulin, because the CYP inhibitory activity of narazin can lead to severe toxic interaction
The whole sentence is true
82
Which statement is true
Consumption of colistin should be decreased in veterinary practice
83
Which statement is true
Ceftiofur-HCl is turned to desfuroyl-ceftiofur quickly in the body
84
What is the route of administration for colistin in swine
PO (toxic as an inj)
85
Which statement is true about the following sentence? Florfenicol and tiamulin combination in synergistic against ornithobacterium rhinotracheale, because they inhibit protein synthesis on different targets
The whole sentence is false
86
What is the route of administration for cefquinome in swine
IM
87
Resistance rates are the worse in this species
Swine
88
Which statement is true
Consumption of fluoroquinolones should be decreased in veterinary practice
89
Which antibiotic group reached high concentration intracellularly e.g. macrophages
Macrolides
90
What is the route of administration for lincomycin in swine
PO/parenteral
91
Which antiparasitic became inactive because of the change of Skdr gene in voltage gated sodium ion channel
Cypermethrin
92
This method is NOT applied to prevent the development of resistance against antiparasitic
Dilution
93
It causes delayed repolarization of Na+ ion channels in parasites
Flumethrin
94
This antiparasitic agent is an antagonist of GABA mediated Cl- ion channels
Afoxolaner
95
Which antiparasitic became inactive because of the change of RDI gene in GABA(A)
Dieldrin
96
Lincomycin belongs to
AMEGC
97
Phenicol’s are
Bacteriostatic agents
98
Rifampicin belongs to the
Rifamycin’s
99
Nalidixic acid belongs to the
I generation fluoroquinolones
100
Tiamulin
Pleuromutilin’s
101
Erythromycin
Macrolides
102
Doxycycline belongs to the
Tetracyclines
103
Lincosamides are
Bacteriostatic agents
104
Cefadroxil belongs to the
I generation cephalosporins
105
Metronidazole belongs to the
Nitroimidazoles
106
Aminoglycosides are
Concentration dependent bactericidal agents
107
Cephalosporins are
Time dependent bactericidal agents
108
Which agent is most effective in shampoos for cellulitis
Benzoyl peroxide
109
How should amikacin be used to treat canine pyoderma
IM injection
110
Which drug combination would be recommended to treat aspiration pneumonia in dogs
Amoxicillin + marbofloxacin + metronidazole
111
These pathogens can be involved in CIRDC
Bordetella bronchiseptica and Parainfluenza virus
112
How should antibiotics be administered in case of pneumonia in dogs
IV injections
113
In poultry, staphylococcus aureus can cause
Arthritis and Dermatitis
114
Which of the following can cause polyserositis of swine
Streptococcus suis
115
In poultry, staphylococcus aureus can cause
Septicaemia
116
Which of the following antibiotic combination would be recommended in pneumonia in dogs
Amoxicillin clavulanic acid + enrofloxacin
Amoxicillin clavulanic acid + cefuroxime
Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid + gentamycin
117
This can be a first choice antibiotic in CIRDC
Doxycycline and Potentiated sulphonamides
118
This drug can be used for the treatment of foot rot, as it is active against anaerobic bacteria and its penetration is good
Lincomycin and Florfenicol
119
Colistin belongs to
AMEGB
120
This can be a first choice antibiotic in CIRDC
Doxycycline and Clarithromycin
121
Amoxicillin and clavulanic acid combination belongs to
AMEGC
122
Which statement is true about foot diseases in ruminants
In interdigital dermatitis, topical antibiotic therapy is enough while interdigital phlegmon required systemic antibiotic therapy
123
Fowl cholera causes high mortality in this species
Duck
124
Which agent could be a first-line choice in chronic rhinitis in dogs or cats
doxycycline, azithromycin, clarithromycin, fluoroquinolones (except pradofloxacin), penicillin’s, cephalosporins
125
What is the route of administration for amoxicillin and clavulanic acid in swine
PO
126
In poultry, Escherichia coli can cause
CRD
Granulomatosis
pericarditis and salpingitis
127
Which agent would be a first-line choice in acute pharyngitis in dogs
Penicillin
128
Which drug belongs to the first-line systemic treatments for canine pyoderma
Cefovecin
129
Which of the following antibiotic combination would be recommended in pneumonia in dogs
Cefuroxime + marbofloxacin
| Amoxicillin clavulanic acid + enrofloxacin
130
Minocycline belongs to the
Tetracyclines
131
Tulathromycin belongs to the
Macrolides
132
Imipenem belongs to the
Carbapenems
133
Clindamycin belongs to the
Lincosamides
134
Potentiated sulphonamides are
Time dependent bactericidal agents
135
Rifampin belongs to the
Rifamycin
136
Gamithromycin belongs to the
Macrolides
137
Polymyxins are
polypeptide antibiotics (bacitracin, polymyxin B, polymyxin E= colistin)
138
Polymyxins are
Concentration dependent bactericidal agents
139
Neomycin belongs to the
Aminoglycosides
140
Enrofloxacin belongs to the
II generation fluoroquinolones
141
Dicloxacillin belongs to the
Penicillinase-resistant (stable) penicillin’s
142
Pleuromutilin’s are
Bacteriostatic agents
143
How should time dependent bactericidal antibiotics be given
At least 3-5 days, in the recommended dose (which reach higher concentration in the animals than the
MIC value of the pathogen)
144
Which generation cephalosporin belongs to ceftiofur
3rd
145
Marbofloxacin belongs to
AMEG B - restrict
146
Is it allowed to use veterinary antibiotics for the purpose of preventing infectious diseases according to the law in force
It is allowed
147
What is the route of administration for marbofloxacin in swine
IM
148
What is the route of administration for ceftiofur in swine
IM
149
How can we prevent antibiotic resistance
Perform a PK/PD analysis
150
How would you define the MIC
The lowest concentration of the antibiotic, where bacteria cant grow
151
Is it legal to give an antibiotic authorized for dogs to cats
Yes it is, if no authorized product is available and it is not contradicted by the SPC of that product
152
Which susceptibility testing method can be used for PK/PD analysis
Both of them- disk diffusion and microdilution
153
What is metaphylaxis
The administration of a medicinal product to a group of animals after a diagnosis of clinical disease in part
of the group has been established
154
Cefquinome belongs to
AMEGB
155
Which statement is true about the following sentence? Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a frequent cause of suppurative otitis externa, which is sensitive to alkalic environment
The whole sentence is true (?)
156
Which statement is true about the following sentence? in case of damaged eardrum, tobramycin and marbofloxacin ear drop can be used, because only polymyxins are ototoxic
The whole sentence is false
157
“Single shot” products contain
Concentration dependent bactericidal antibiotics
158
Fluoroquinolones are
Concentration dependent bactericidal agents
159
Sulphonamides are
Bacteriostatic agents and combination time dependent bactericidal
160
Pradofloxacin belongs to the
IV generation fluoroquinolones (4th)
161
Which drug belongs to the first-line systemic treatments for canine pyoderma
Cefalexin
162
Valnemulin belongs to the
Pleuromutilin’s
163
Pleuromutilin’s are
Bacteriostatic agents
164
Which pathogen is the most frequent in pharyngitis in companion animals
Strepto in dogs, Pasteurella in cats
165
Which statement is true about pharyngitis and tonsilitis in dogs
Narrow spectrum penicillin’s are usually sufficient for the treatment of acute bacterial pharyngitis and tonsillitis, but in many cases (e.g. acute, mild, only viruses are present) they don’t need to be treated with antibiotics at all
166
In which respiratory infection is it necessary to use antibiotics
Canine distemper
167
How did change the veterinary antimicrobial consumption during the last 5 years in the EU
Decreased
168
MIC value
Minimal inhibitory concentration
169
Does present law allow mixing antibiotics into the feed of animals
Yes it does
170
Which drug belongs to the first-line systemic treatments for canine pyoderma
Clindamycin
| Cefalexin, Amox + clavulanic acid, Cefovecin, Potentiated SA
171
What is the route of administration for Tilmicosin in swine
PO (Cardiogenic effect parenteral)
172
What is the route of administration of enrofloxacin in swine
PO (bitter taste), IM
173
Which agent would be a first-line choice in chronic pharyngitis in dogs
Macrolides (Azithro, Clarithro)
174
Streptococci and Pasteurella spp frequently cause the following infections in companion animals
Bronchitis and pneumonia in dogs, Rhinitis and sinusitis in dogs and Pharyngitis and tonsillitis
in dogs
175
Is it allowed to use veterinary antibiotics off label
It is allowed
176
How can we prevent antibiotic resistance
Must know pharmacodynamics of antibacterial agents
Use antibiotics for prevention and not for treatment
Perform antibiotic susceptibility test regularly
177
Which agent could be a first-line choice in chronic rhinitis in dogs or cats
Doxycycline
178
Cefoperazon belongs to the
III generation cephalosporin
179
Which statement is true about rhinitis in dogs
Rhinitis is more frequently causes by viruses than bacteria, so in many cases antibiotic treatment is not necessary
180
Tetracyclines are
Bacteriostatic agents
181
Amikacin belongs to the
Aminoglycosides
182
Spectinomycin belongs to the
Aminoglycosides
183
Which drug can be used topically to treat canine pyoderma
Silver sulfadiazine
184
Tiamulin belongs to ?
bacteriostatic
185
Marbofloxacin belons to
Concentration dpdt bactericidal
186
Combination of Trimethoprim + Sulfamethoxazole
time dpdt bactericidal
187
Sulfadimidine
bacteriostatic
188
Metronidazole
concentration dpdt bactericidal
189
clindamycin
bacteriostatic
190
Cefazolin
time dependent bactericidal
191
OxyTTC
bacteriostatic
192
Polymyxin-B
concentration dependent bactericidal
193
Amikacin
concentration dpdt bactericidal
194
oxacillin
time dpdt bactericidal
195
florphenicol
bacteriostatic
