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PQs Flashcards

1
Q

AMEG A

A

only for SAM

Glycopeptides (not Food Producing)

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2
Q

AMEG B

A

CIA - FQ(Enrofloxacin, Marbofloxacin), 3rd/4th Gen.Cephalosporins (Ceftiofur, Cefquinome), Colistin

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3
Q

AMEG C

A

Amoxicillin-clavulinic acid
Gentamycin (Aminoglycosides) Florfenicol (Phenicols)
Lincomycin (Lincosamides) Tiamlulin, Valnemulin (Pleuromutilins)
Tylosin phosphate + tartarate, tylvalosin, tilmicosin, tulathromycin, Gamithromycin, Tildipirosin (Macrolides)
1st/2nd Gen.Cephalosporins

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4
Q

AMEG D

A 
Penicillin
Amoxicillin
Pot SA
Tetracyclines : Oxy, Chlor, Doxy
cycline
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5
Q

For how long shall be valid a vet prescription for veterinary medicinal products from the date of its issue, according to the new EU regulation ?

A

For 5 days

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6
Q

Gentamicin belongs to ?

A

AMEG C

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7
Q

How did change the vet AM comsumtion during the last 5 years in the EU ?

A

Decreased

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8
Q

How would you describe the pharmacokinetic properties of colistin and gentamicin ?

A

Absorption of colistin and gentamycin are very low from GI

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9
Q

Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale is frequent resistant to his AB ?

A

Tylosin + difloxacin

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10
Q

Systemic treatment needed in this case of otitis ?

A

Suppurative otitis externa

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11
Q

This agent is effective against Actinobacillus suis and mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in swine ?

A

Enrofloxacin IM, Tulathromycin IM, Lincomycin-spectinomycin IM

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12
Q

This drug can be effectively used in cystitis in dogs if it is caused by enterococci or lactamase producing E.Coli ?

A

Amox clavulinic acid + amox alone

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13
Q

This drug is authorised for poultry and can be effective against fowl cholera ?

A

Amoxicillin

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14
Q

Drug authorised for poultry and can be effective against ulcerative enteritis ?

A

Phenoxymethylpeniccilin

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15
Q

What is the route of administration for gamythromycin in swine ?

A

IM

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16
Q

First line choice for chronic pharyngitis in dogs ?

A

Azithromycin/Clarithromycin

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17
Q

Systemic treatment of MRSP pyoderma in dogs ?

A

Rifampicin (+ Mupirocin, Fusidic acid, Amikacin, Florphenicol, Chloramphenicol)

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18
Q

Parameter pharmacokinetic ?

A

Cmax

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19
Q

Zinc sulphate topically ?

A

Interdigital dermatitis

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20
Q

Single shot AB can be against ?

A

BRDC

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21
Q

It is inevitable to remember the phamacodynamic properties of certain antimicrobilas to be able to reduce the spreading of resistance. Based on this knowledge macrolide antibiotics are adviced to use in high dosages for short period of time

A

False

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22
Q

Tulathromycin can reach e!ective concentration in lung and this concentration persist in lung until one week.

A

True

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23
Q

Enrofloxacin is excellent in the treatment of pneumonia caused by gram negative fastidious pathogens in swine and it is outstanding activity against Mycoplasma species.

A

True

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24
Q

Amoxicillin is authorized only for intramuscular administration in both swine and cattle

A

False

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25
Q

As of February 2022, the prophylactic use of antimicrobials will be limited to the individual treatment of animals.

A

False

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26
Q

The most common form of antibiotics used by veterinarians is a solution and premix

A

True

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27
Q

The spread of antimicrobial resistance can be slowed down?

A

True

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28
Q

From 2022, when antibiotics are added to feed, the duration of prophylactic treatment must not exceed two weeks

A

False

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29
Q

The efficacy of oral chlortetracycline against mycoplasmas in poultry species is uncertain due to poor absorption

A

True

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30
Q

In poultry species, tilmicosin may be most effective in treating diseases caused by Spirochaeta spp.

A

False (penicillins)

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31
Q

Oral sulfonamide-trimetroprim combinations are particularly effective against mycoplasmas in poultry species.

A

False

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32
Q

The PK/PD analysis (AUC/MIC modell) helps estimate the degree of spreading antimicrobial resistance. The higher the ratio the higher the chance is for selection of mutant bacteria resistant to the given antimicrobial agent.

A

False

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33
Q

Acquired resistance to fluoroquinolones in pathogenic bacteria develops gradually and in several stages only after several weeks of treatment.

A

False

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34
Q

There is a UTI infection in a German shepherd dog. From the urine sample E. coli could be cultured, which has 32 μg/ml MIC value to amoxicillin. Regarding to the table, the substance will be effective during the treatment.

Amoxicillin 200ug/ml

A

32x8 = 256 > 200

True

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35
Q

There is a UTI infection in a shih-tzu dog. From the urine sample MRSA could be cultured, which has 64 μg/ml MIC value to amikacin. Regarding to the table and PK/PD analysis, the substance will NOT be effective during the treatment

Amikacin 342 ug/ml

A

64x8=512 >342

True

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36
Q

There is a UTI infection in a ten-year-old Persian cat. From the urine sample E. coli could be cultured, which has 4 μg/ml MIC value to cefovecin. Regarding to the table and PK/PD analysis, the substance will be effective during the treatment.

Cefovecin 9ug/ml

A

4x8 = 32 > 9

False (??)

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37
Q

There is a UTI infection in a four-year-old pug. From the urine sample Enterococcus fecalis could be cultured, which has 8 μg/ml MIC value to doxycycline. Regarding to the table and PK/PD analysis, the substance will NOT be e!ective during the treatment

Doxycycline: 53ug/ml

A

8x8 =64>53

False

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38
Q

It is proven, that animal products can transfer antimicrobial resistance to people, the most important and versatile vector of it is the E. coli.

A

True

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39
Q

In case of time dependent bactericidal antibiotics their maximum concentration should be at least six times higher in the treated compartment then the MIC volume of the given antibiotic agent for the given infectious bacterium isolate

A

False

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40
Q

Multiple causes can be present in the background of BRDS, while the treatment of which the bacterial resistance is rare. Most of the empirically suitable antibiotics can
treat the disease in case of P. multocida, M. haemolytica and M. bovis infectious
background as well

A

False

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41
Q

In case of bovine P. multocida respiratory disease the MIC value for ceftiofur is 0,004 mg/μl. The concentration reached in the PELF, in the blood and in the pulmonary interstitial fluid is higher than the MIC value for more than 8 days. This means a correct drug choice for the treatment of the infectious disease.

A

True

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42
Q

In case of ruminant Porphyromonas levii interdigital dermatitis, although the substance can be present at the site of infection in high concentrations, using tetracyclin locally is not advised due to the bacterial resistance against the substance.

A

False

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43
Q

Target receptor of amitraz

A

Octopamine rcpt

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44
Q

Topically for canine pyoderma

A

Neomycin, Gentamycin, Silver Sulfadiazine, Erythromycin, Azithromycin
Mupirocin/Fusidic acid (MRSP/MRSA)
Chlorhexidine

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45
Q

SE of florfenicol

A

Anemia

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46
Q

Which statement is true about the following sentence? Usually systemic treatment is not needed in case of intertrigo, because bacteria cannot reach deeper part of the skin in this disease

A

Whole sentence true

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47
Q

What is general indication for AB ?

A

The product is indicated for several bacteria which are listed in the indication.

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48
Q

This drug is not authorized for poultry in the European Union ?

A

Chloramphenicol
Gentamycin
Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid

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49
Q

Which statement is true about the following sentence? Susceptibility testing should always be performed before treating folliculitis, because bacterial susceptibility is difficult to estimate in case of deep pyodermas

A

2nd part is true ?

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50
Q

This drug is very effective against fastidious bacteria and mycoplasmae as well and has excellent distribution.

A

Enrofloxacin (?)

Tulathromycin

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51
Q

Which statement is true about foot diseases in ruminants ?

A

Interdigital dermatitis can be treated with tetracycline spray, because high, effective concentration can be reached with topical treatment at the site of infection

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52
Q

This drug can be used for the treatment of foot rot, as it is active against anaerobic bacteria and its penetration is good.

A

Tulathromycin

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53
Q

“In PK/PD analysis for the treatment of respiratory infections,bacteria’s MIC value should be compared to the drug’s concentration in the…

A

Blood plasma, urine, PELF = pulmonary epithelial lining fluid

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54
Q

Administration colistin swine

A

PO + IM = parenteral

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55
Q

In poultry, E coli can cause

A

CRD + Septicaemia

granulomatosis + arthritis

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56
Q

Which statement is true about BRDC?

A

Fastidious organisms are the most frequent bacteria present. Luckily, resistance is usually low in them to most antibiotics.

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57
Q

Single shot AB good for

A

Resp infections

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58
Q

Lincomycin in swine

A

PO and IM

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59
Q

Amox + clavulinic acid in swine ?

A

oral + parenterally

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60
Q

Resistance rates are the worst in this species:

A

Poultry

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61
Q

Most typical mechanism of action of decreased susceptibility to macrocyclic lactones

A

Increased transport

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62
Q

This drug is very effective against fastidious bacteria and mycoplasma as well and has excellent distribution

A

Gamithromycin

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63
Q

Which statement is true about the following sentence?
In case of furunculosis, usually 3 weeks of systemic antibacterial treatment needed, because gram-negative rods are frequent in this disease

A

2nd part is true (?)

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64
Q

Which of the following bacteria cannot produce beta-lactamase enzymes?

A

Streptococcus suis

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65
Q

Which statement is true about the following sentence? It is prohibited to combined lasalocide with macrolides, because toxic interactions can occur between monovalent ionophore and macrolide antibiotics

A

The whole sentence is true

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66
Q

What is the recommended treatment duration in feline rhinotracheitis?

A

7-10 days acute, 4-6 weeks chronic

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67
Q

An in vivo test method for determining resistance to anthelmintics

A

Faecal egg count reduction test

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68
Q

Florfenicol can have this side effect in dogs

A

none ? (chloramphenicol has)

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69
Q

Which statement is true about the following sentence? Usually there’s a background disease behind pyoderma, which is most commonly allergy or parasitic infection

A

The whole sentence is true

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70
Q

Most typical mechanism of action of real resistance to fipronil

A

Ligand-mediated chloride ion channel intracellular domain alteration

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71
Q

Which of the following drugs can be cross-resistant?

A

Dieldrin and fipronil

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72
Q

Most typical mechanism of action of decreased susceptibility to organophosphates

A

Increased activity of esterase enzymes

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73
Q

Mechanism of resistance to…. Is ligand-mediated chloride ion channel intracellular domain alteration

A

Isooxazolines

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74
Q

Most typical mechanism of action of real resistance to benzimidazoles

A

Beta-tubulin binding site change

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75
Q

Mechanism of resistance is to…. is changes in nicotinic acetylcholine receptor

A

Imidazothiazoles

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76
Q

Most typical mechanism of action of decreased susceptibility to pyrethroids

A

Increased efflux

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77
Q

Which statement is true about BRDC?

A

Fastidious organisms, resistance is low

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78
Q

Which anti liver fluke agent is characteristic to be active against young flukes under 6 weeks of age?

A

Closantel

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79
Q

Which statement is true about the following sentence? Tris-EDTA is a recommended agent it otitis externa, because it has good antibiofilm effect

A

The whole sentence is true

80
Q

Which statement is true about the following sentence? it is enough to treat superficial pyoderma only topically, because bacteria are only present on the skin’s surface in this case

A

The whole sentence is false

81
Q

Which statement is true about the following sentence? Poultry feed cannot contain narazin if the animals are treated with tiamulin, because the CYP inhibitory activity of narazin can lead to severe toxic interaction

A

The whole sentence is true

82
Q

Which statement is true

A

Consumption of colistin should be decreased in veterinary practice

83
Q

Which statement is true

A

Ceftiofur-HCl is turned to desfuroyl-ceftiofur quickly in the body

84
Q

What is the route of administration for colistin in swine

A

PO (toxic as an inj)

85
Q

Which statement is true about the following sentence? Florfenicol and tiamulin combination in synergistic against ornithobacterium rhinotracheale, because they inhibit protein synthesis on different targets

A

The whole sentence is false

86
Q

What is the route of administration for cefquinome in swine

87
Q

Resistance rates are the worse in this species

88
Q

Which statement is true

A

Consumption of fluoroquinolones should be decreased in veterinary practice

89
Q

Which antibiotic group reached high concentration intracellularly e.g. macrophages

A

Macrolides

90
Q

What is the route of administration for lincomycin in swine

A

PO/parenteral

91
Q

Which antiparasitic became inactive because of the change of Skdr gene in voltage gated sodium ion channel

A

Cypermethrin

92
Q

This method is NOT applied to prevent the development of resistance against antiparasitic

93
Q

It causes delayed repolarization of Na+ ion channels in parasites

A

Flumethrin

94
Q

This antiparasitic agent is an antagonist of GABA mediated Cl- ion channels

A

Afoxolaner

95
Q

Which antiparasitic became inactive because of the change of RDI gene in GABA(A)

96
Q

Lincomycin belongs to

97
Q

Phenicol’s are

A

Bacteriostatic agents

98
Q

Rifampicin belongs to the

A

Rifamycin’s

99
Q

Nalidixic acid belongs to the

A

I generation fluoroquinolones

100
Q

Tiamulin

A

Pleuromutilin’s

101
Q

Erythromycin

A

Macrolides

102
Q

Doxycycline belongs to the

A

Tetracyclines

103
Q

Lincosamides are

A

Bacteriostatic agents

104
Q

Cefadroxil belongs to the

A

I generation cephalosporins

105
Q

Metronidazole belongs to the

A

Nitroimidazoles

106
Q

Aminoglycosides are

A

Concentration dependent bactericidal agents

107
Q

Cephalosporins are

A

Time dependent bactericidal agents

108
Q

Which agent is most effective in shampoos for cellulitis

A

Benzoyl peroxide

109
Q

How should amikacin be used to treat canine pyoderma

A

IM injection

110
Q

Which drug combination would be recommended to treat aspiration pneumonia in dogs

A

Amoxicillin + marbofloxacin + metronidazole

111
Q

These pathogens can be involved in CIRDC

A

Bordetella bronchiseptica and Parainfluenza virus

112
Q

How should antibiotics be administered in case of pneumonia in dogs

A

IV injections

113
Q

In poultry, staphylococcus aureus can cause

A

Arthritis and Dermatitis

114
Q

Which of the following can cause polyserositis of swine

A

Streptococcus suis

115
Q

In poultry, staphylococcus aureus can cause

A

Septicaemia

116
Q

Which of the following antibiotic combination would be recommended in pneumonia in dogs

A

Amoxicillin clavulanic acid + enrofloxacin
Amoxicillin clavulanic acid + cefuroxime
Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid + gentamycin

117
Q

This can be a first choice antibiotic in CIRDC

A

Doxycycline and Potentiated sulphonamides

118
Q

This drug can be used for the treatment of foot rot, as it is active against anaerobic bacteria and its penetration is good

A

Lincomycin and Florfenicol

119
Q

Colistin belongs to

120
Q

This can be a first choice antibiotic in CIRDC

A

Doxycycline and Clarithromycin

121
Q

Amoxicillin and clavulanic acid combination belongs to

122
Q

Which statement is true about foot diseases in ruminants

A

In interdigital dermatitis, topical antibiotic therapy is enough while interdigital phlegmon required systemic antibiotic therapy

123
Q

Fowl cholera causes high mortality in this species

124
Q

Which agent could be a first-line choice in chronic rhinitis in dogs or cats

A

doxycycline, azithromycin, clarithromycin, fluoroquinolones (except pradofloxacin), penicillin’s, cephalosporins

125
Q

What is the route of administration for amoxicillin and clavulanic acid in swine

126
Q

In poultry, Escherichia coli can cause

A

CRD
Granulomatosis
pericarditis and salpingitis

127
Q

Which agent would be a first-line choice in acute pharyngitis in dogs

A

Penicillin

128
Q

Which drug belongs to the first-line systemic treatments for canine pyoderma

129
Q

Which of the following antibiotic combination would be recommended in pneumonia in dogs

A

Cefuroxime + marbofloxacin

Amoxicillin clavulanic acid + enrofloxacin

130
Q

Minocycline belongs to the

A

Tetracyclines

131
Q

Tulathromycin belongs to the

A

Macrolides

132
Q

Imipenem belongs to the

A

Carbapenems

133
Q

Clindamycin belongs to the

A

Lincosamides

134
Q

Potentiated sulphonamides are

A

Time dependent bactericidal agents

135
Q

Rifampin belongs to the

136
Q

Gamithromycin belongs to the

A

Macrolides

137
Q

Polymyxins are

A

polypeptide antibiotics (bacitracin, polymyxin B, polymyxin E= colistin)

138
Q

Polymyxins are

A

Concentration dependent bactericidal agents

139
Q

Neomycin belongs to the

A

Aminoglycosides

140
Q

Enrofloxacin belongs to the

A

II generation fluoroquinolones

141
Q

Dicloxacillin belongs to the

A

Penicillinase-resistant (stable) penicillin’s

142
Q

Pleuromutilin’s are

A

Bacteriostatic agents

143
Q

How should time dependent bactericidal antibiotics be given

A

At least 3-5 days, in the recommended dose (which reach higher concentration in the animals than the
MIC value of the pathogen)

144
Q

Which generation cephalosporin belongs to ceftiofur

145
Q

Marbofloxacin belongs to

A

AMEG B - restrict

146
Q

Is it allowed to use veterinary antibiotics for the purpose of preventing infectious diseases according to the law in force

A

It is allowed

147
Q

What is the route of administration for marbofloxacin in swine

148
Q

What is the route of administration for ceftiofur in swine

149
Q

How can we prevent antibiotic resistance

A

Perform a PK/PD analysis

150
Q

How would you define the MIC

A

The lowest concentration of the antibiotic, where bacteria cant grow

151
Q

Is it legal to give an antibiotic authorized for dogs to cats

A

Yes it is, if no authorized product is available and it is not contradicted by the SPC of that product

152
Q

Which susceptibility testing method can be used for PK/PD analysis

A

Both of them- disk diffusion and microdilution

153
Q

What is metaphylaxis

A

The administration of a medicinal product to a group of animals after a diagnosis of clinical disease in part
of the group has been established

154
Q

Cefquinome belongs to

155
Q

Which statement is true about the following sentence? Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a frequent cause of suppurative otitis externa, which is sensitive to alkalic environment

A

The whole sentence is true (?)

156
Q

Which statement is true about the following sentence? in case of damaged eardrum, tobramycin and marbofloxacin ear drop can be used, because only polymyxins are ototoxic

A

The whole sentence is false

157
Q

“Single shot” products contain

A

Concentration dependent bactericidal antibiotics

158
Q

Fluoroquinolones are

A

Concentration dependent bactericidal agents

159
Q

Sulphonamides are

A

Bacteriostatic agents and combination time dependent bactericidal

160
Q

Pradofloxacin belongs to the

A

IV generation fluoroquinolones (4th)

161
Q

Which drug belongs to the first-line systemic treatments for canine pyoderma

162
Q

Valnemulin belongs to the

A

Pleuromutilin’s

163
Q

Pleuromutilin’s are

A

Bacteriostatic agents

164
Q

Which pathogen is the most frequent in pharyngitis in companion animals

A

Strepto in dogs, Pasteurella in cats

165
Q

Which statement is true about pharyngitis and tonsilitis in dogs

A

Narrow spectrum penicillin’s are usually sufficient for the treatment of acute bacterial pharyngitis and tonsillitis, but in many cases (e.g. acute, mild, only viruses are present) they don’t need to be treated with antibiotics at all

166
Q

In which respiratory infection is it necessary to use antibiotics

A

Canine distemper

167
Q

How did change the veterinary antimicrobial consumption during the last 5 years in the EU

168
Q

MIC value

A

Minimal inhibitory concentration

169
Q

Does present law allow mixing antibiotics into the feed of animals

A

Yes it does

170
Q

Which drug belongs to the first-line systemic treatments for canine pyoderma

A

Clindamycin

Cefalexin, Amox + clavulanic acid, Cefovecin, Potentiated SA

171
Q

What is the route of administration for Tilmicosin in swine

A

PO (Cardiogenic effect parenteral)

172
Q

What is the route of administration of enrofloxacin in swine

A

PO (bitter taste), IM

173
Q

Which agent would be a first-line choice in chronic pharyngitis in dogs

A

Macrolides (Azithro, Clarithro)

174
Q

Streptococci and Pasteurella spp frequently cause the following infections in companion animals

A

Bronchitis and pneumonia in dogs, Rhinitis and sinusitis in dogs and Pharyngitis and tonsillitis
in dogs

175
Q

Is it allowed to use veterinary antibiotics off label

A

It is allowed

176
Q

How can we prevent antibiotic resistance

A

Must know pharmacodynamics of antibacterial agents
Use antibiotics for prevention and not for treatment
Perform antibiotic susceptibility test regularly

177
Q

Which agent could be a first-line choice in chronic rhinitis in dogs or cats

A

Doxycycline

178
Q

Cefoperazon belongs to the

A

III generation cephalosporin

179
Q

Which statement is true about rhinitis in dogs

A

Rhinitis is more frequently causes by viruses than bacteria, so in many cases antibiotic treatment is not necessary

180
Q

Tetracyclines are

A

Bacteriostatic agents

181
Q

Amikacin belongs to the

A

Aminoglycosides

182
Q

Spectinomycin belongs to the

A

Aminoglycosides

183
Q

Which drug can be used topically to treat canine pyoderma

A

Silver sulfadiazine

184
Q

Tiamulin belongs to ?

A

bacteriostatic

185
Q

Marbofloxacin belons to

A

Concentration dpdt bactericidal

186
Q

Combination of Trimethoprim + Sulfamethoxazole

A

time dpdt bactericidal

187
Q

Sulfadimidine

A

bacteriostatic

188
Q

Metronidazole

A

concentration dpdt bactericidal

189
Q

clindamycin

A

bacteriostatic

190
Q

Cefazolin

A

time dependent bactericidal

191
Q

OxyTTC

A

bacteriostatic

192
Q

Polymyxin-B

A

concentration dependent bactericidal

193
Q

Amikacin

A

concentration dpdt bactericidal

194
Q

oxacillin

A

time dpdt bactericidal

195
Q

florphenicol

A

bacteriostatic

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