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Pq Flashcards

1
Q

Orphan viruses -

A

do not cause illnesses

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2
Q

What is the name of the lesion seen on the choric-allantoic membrane of an embryonated turkey egg, infected with proxyvirus?

A

Pock

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3
Q

The nutritional component of calf foetus:

A

Protein source and mediators for cell division from colostrum free calves

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4
Q

Affinity chromatography viral purification method:

A

virus specific antibodies bound to chromatograpy matrix. Adsorption of viruses. Elution with buffer.

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5
Q

Virus capsid surface proteins:

A

Capsomers

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6
Q

Real time polymerase chain-reaction:

A

Fluorescent labeling, detection of amplified products. Quantification. Computer analysis.

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7
Q

Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis determines:

A

the virus amount and size (molecular weight) . Continuous NA thread or segmented.

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8
Q

Cells attached to viruses: I had a stroke trying to read this Q – Don’t know if it’s correct

A

haemagglutinate, cause haemagglutination inhibition, cause haemadsoprtion, directly spread from one cell to another by cell fusion

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9
Q

RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase enzyme found:

A

-/+ ss RNA plus dsRNA

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10
Q

Mutations: can happen during viral eclipse

A
  • spontaneous/induced – Idk the answer can’t find anything
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11
Q

Offspring viruses cannot form in the infected cells of:

A

latent infections

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12
Q

During tolerated infections:

A

there is no immune response against the virus

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13
Q

Indirect virus detection method:

A

ELISA, Viruse Neutralisation, HAI, plaque reduction?

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14
Q

The haemagglutination inhibiting titer:

A

the highest (serum) dilution where we do not see haemaggluttination

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15
Q

A changing viruses’ continuous whey:

A

two serial tenfold dilution of virus suspension adding neg/pos serum.

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16
Q

Oseltamivir and zanamivir block

A

Tamiflu and Zanamivir neuraminidase inhibiotrs against influenza.

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17
Q

In young animals, the mothers antibodies: - Cant Find Answer

A

block the active immunodeficiency of the vaccine

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18
Q 
Experimental animals can be used to spread viruses for 
diagnostic purposes? 
 vaccine production 
vaccine control/checks 
cell line production
A

Yes - diagnostic purposes
Yes - vaccine production
Yes - vaccine control/checks
No - cell line production 


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19
Q 
With Cell culture passage ?
we can keep up/maintain breeding

we can increase the quantity of cell breeding/cultures 
we can remove contaminated viruses

 we can remove tumour cells 

A

Yes - we can keep up/maintain breeding

Yes - we can increase the quantity of cell breeding/cultures
No - we can remove contaminated viruses

No - we can remove tumour cells

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20
Q
  1. The polymerase chain-reaction contains
    sample (virus) DNA

    temperature resistant (Taq) DNA polymerase
    virus-specific oligonucleotide primers

    virus-specific monoclonal antibodies
A

Yes - sample (virus) DNA

Yes - temperature resistant (Taq) DNA polymerase
Yes - virus-specific oligonucleotide primers

No - virus-specific monoclonal antibodies

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21
Q 
Disinfectants 

always damage the viral nucleic acid

only act against enveloped viruses

can be used in the environment or outer/external cover 
occasionally toxic or corrosive 

A

No - always damage the viral nucleic acid

No - only act against enveloped viruses

Yes - can be used in the environment or outer/external cover
Yes - occasionally toxic or corrosive

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22
Q
  • acridine orange turns the single-stranded nucleic acid orange/red

  • with polymerase chain-reaction we can determine the infective titer of the virus
  • with the virus neutralisation test we can separate the maternal and vaccine-induced 
antibodies

  • with the haemagglutination inhibition test, we can show the African swine fever antibodies
A

Yes - acridine orange turns the single-stranded nucleic acid orange/red
No - with polymerase chain-reaction we can determine the infective titer of the virus
No - with the virus neutralisation test we can separate the maternal and vaccine-induced 
antibodies

No - with the haemagglutination inhibition test, we can show the African swine fever antibodies

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23
Q

What can we call the process where the cell division of cells of ectopic tissues are inhibited during contact?

A

contact inhibition 


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24
Q

What is the concentration mode in which, with the help of osmotic pressure, water is removed from the virus suspension?

A

dialysis

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25
Q

What do we call the virus penetration method, whereby RNA-protein complexes can pass through the cytoplasmic membrane?

A

translocation

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26
Q

What is it called, when an mRNA codes for more than one protein?

A

Polycystronic

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27
Q

What do we call the type of phenotypic mix, when one of the virus’ nucleic acids builds into 
the other virus’ capsid?

A

I think its called ‘Transcapsidation’ Phenotypic mixing (melange

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28
Q

What do we call virus transfer via sexual contact? 


A

Venereal infection

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29
Q

Indirect virus propagation disease in which you have to take two samples:

A

1st at onset of symptoms

2nd at late stage 12-14 days after

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30
Q

What is the name of the method whereby, organ samples of dead animals are inoculated for cell cultures?

A

Adsorption? Isolation? Cell cultivation or cell culture contamination

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31
Q

What is the name of the virus detection method whereby, the antigen and antibody react with one another via an electric current?

A

cc immunoelectrophoresis 
ccIEF

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32
Q

What do we call an the ingredients of an inactive vaccine, which increases the vaccine intensity?

A

Adjuvant

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33
Q

Papilloma viruses:

A

are usually stenoxen viruses 


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34
Q

Alpha herpes viruses:

A

cause latency in ganglionic nerve cells 


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35
Q

Orthopox viruses

A

causes cowpox virus

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36
Q

Beak and feather disease viruses:

A

have an immunosuppressive effect

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37
Q

Orthoreo viruses:

A

cause tenosynovitis in birds

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38
Q

Examples of the Picornaviridae family:

A

entero, tescho, gelato, tremo, cardio and alpha virus

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39
Q

Alpha viruses:

A

among them are zoonotic agents 


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40
Q

A member of the Flavivirus is:

A

the diarrhoea virus in cattle/West Nile

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41
Q

Toroviruses:

A

in foals causes stomach inflammation and enteritis also calves

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42
Q

Some animal species are responsive to:

A

Nipah virus

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43
Q

The Ebola virus:

A

can cause bleeding fever in humans

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44
Q

The environmental owners/maintainers of the mamaerena viruses are

A

Rodents

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45
Q

Viruses affecting humans and cattle:

A

Deltaretrovirus genus

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46
Q

Bacteriophages:

A

can be used up for some bacteriological diagnostic tests

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47
Q

Prion proteins:

A

are usually spread orally 


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48
Q

In chickens, it can cause kidney failure:

A

Gammacoronavirus (infectious bronchitis)

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49
Q

In horses, it causes a slowly-developing infection:

A

infective anaemia

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50
Q

Can cause immunosuppression in cats

  • Panleicopenia virus

  • peritonitis virus infecting cats
  • feline leukaemia virus

  • the infectious bursitis virus
A

No - Panleicopenia virus

Yes - peritonitis virus infecting cats
Yes - feline leukaemia virus

No - the infectious bursitis virus

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51
Q
  • Newcastle disease virus 

  • causes human rubeola (rubulavirus)
  • sheep adenocarcinoma virus adenovirus
  • diarrhoea-causing enterovirus in cattle
A

No - Newcastle disease virus 

No - causes human rubeola (rubulavirus)
No - sheep adenocarcinoma virus adenovirus
Yes - diarrhoea-causing enterovirus in cattle

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52
Q

Causes abortion, respiratory and central nervous system symptoms

  • herpresmamillitis virus (BoHV-2)

  • cattle affecting infectious rhinotracheitis virus (BoHV-2)
  • equine rhinopneumonitis virus (EHV-1)

  • Aujeszky-disease virus (SuHV-1)
A

No - herpresmamillitis virus (BoHV-2)

Yes - cattle affecting infectious rhinotracheitis virus (BoHV-2)
Yes - equine rhinopneumonitis virus (EHV-1)

Yes - Aujeszky-disease virus (SuHV-1)

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53
Q

Small mammals are the hosts of….

  • mammalian bornavirus
  • mammaerenavirus

  • mamastroviruses

  • hantaviruses
A

Yes - mammalian bornavirus
Yes - mammaerenavirus

No - mamastroviruses

Yes - hantaviruses

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54
Q

What is the name of the adeno- or orthoreovirus disease affecting calves?

A

Pneumoenteritis

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55
Q

What illnesses does the Aujeszky-disease virus cause in dogs?

A

Neural symptoms

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56
Q

In what animal, does this virus cause mouth pain?

A

Sheep


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57
Q

What is the name of the disease caused by goose parvovirus?

A

Derzsy disease

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58
Q

What is the name of the illness/disease caused by rhinovirus?

A

Rhinitis

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59
Q

In what species does Border disease virus cause illness?

A

Sheep


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60
Q

Which virus causes persistent infections in the sexual organs/tracts?

A

Arterovirus


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61
Q

Which animal virus did they manage to get rid of on Earth?

A

Rinderpest

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62
Q

. Which virus causes glandular stomach disease in parrots?

A

bornavirus


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63
Q

What do they call the virus causing human immunodeficiency?

A

AIDS

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64
Q

Polyomavirus causes latent infections.

A

TRUE

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65
Q

Adenovirus causes enteritis in mammals/birds

A

FALSE (Does cause pneumoenteritis)

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66
Q

Describe the morphology of the Adenovirus.

A

Linear dsDNA virus with an icosahedral capsid, nonenveloped and replicates in the nucleus.

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67
Q

What type of virus is Varicellovirus?

A

Herpesvirus (alphaherpesvirus)

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68
Q

Pox Virus causes skin lesions.

A

TRUE

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69
Q

Capripox causes skin lesions

A

TRUE

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70
Q

What type of virus is Hepadnaviridae?

A

Circular ss/ds DNA enveloped

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71
Q

Describe the morphology of Circoviridae

A

Circular ssDNA virus. Non enveloped. Icosahedral capsid

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72
Q

Parvo causes enteritis.

A

TRUE

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73
Q

How is the transmission of Birnaviridae?

A

By contact. – true but not in lectures. What is of note is that it has to be propagated in species specific tissues – difficult.

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74
Q

Rotavirus causes neonatal enteritis.

A

TRUE

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75
Q

What is the host of Teschovirus?

A

Pigs

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76
Q

What does Parechovirus cause?

A

Enteritis

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77
Q

Avastrovirus causes what in chickens?

A

Nephritis

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78
Q

Dicistroviridae is a virus of honey bees.

A

TRUE

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79
Q

How is Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease transmitted?

A

By contact (direct or by fomites) True but not in lectures. What is of note is that RHD can not be propagated in vitro.

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80
Q

Border Disease causes abortion in sheep.

A

TRUE

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81
Q

Arteriviridae affects stallions.

A

TRUE (Can cause lifelong infection, but not necessarily a decrease of fertility)

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82
Q

The Influenza host (avian).

A

Wild water birds – don’t know. Not in lectures.

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83
Q

The surface protein of Influenza?

A

hemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA), matrix (M2

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84
Q

Parainfluenza virus 3 infects?

A

Cattle and Sheep – “Shipping Fever”

85
Q

What type of virus is Canine Distemper Virus?

A

Morbillivirus (Paramyxoviridae)

86
Q

Cowpox/pseudopox is zoonotic

87
Q

Herpes virus is an arbovirus (transmitted by insects).

88
Q

What does Herpesvirus cause?

A

Lesions (usually oral or genital)

89
Q

How is Ephemerovirus transmitted?

A

By mosquitoes (arthropod bites)

90
Q

Nairovirus is an arthropod virus.

A

TRUE (ticks)

91
Q

What lesions does a Retrovirus cause?

A

Lesions in skin and brain (carcoma, carcinoma, leukemia tumours)

92
Q

TSE (transmissible spongiform encephalopathies) affects mainly cattle/mink/cats.

93
Q

Prions are resistant to proteases.

94
Q

Name of TSEs (transmissible spongiform encephalopathies) in sheep

95
Q

African Horse Sickness is caused by which virus?

A

Orbivirus (Sedoreovirinae)

96
Q

Genera of the Picornaviridae are?

A

Entero / Tescho / Tremo/ Hepato / Cardio/ Aphtho / Erbo /Parecho /Kobu / Avihepato

97
Q
  1. Alphaviruses:
    a) transmitted by ticks
    b) may be zoonotic
    c) only present in America
    d) no cross reaction.
A

b) May be zoonotic

98
Q

Torovirus can cause?

A

Berne Virus (foal gastroenteritis), Breda Virus (calf gastroenteritis), Chicken , swine and human gastroenteritis

99
Q

Reservoir host of Mammastrovirus?

A

Humans, mammals and vertebrates.

100
Q 
Human and bovine pathogen viruses are found in the
\: a)Alpha, 
b)Beta,
c)Gamma 
D) DELTA RETROVIRUS
A

DELTA RETROVIRUS

101
Q

Prion pathogens do not contain?

A

Nucleic acid (proteins)

102
Q 
Animals are susceptible to :
a)Mumps, 
b)Measles, 
c)Influenza  1?
D) Nipah
103
Q

Affinity Chromatography uses?

A

Virus specific AB bound to chromatography column matrix. Adsorption of viruses. Rinsing. Elution buffer.

104
Q

Lesions caused by Pox on CAM embryonic egg are called?

A

Pock lesions

105
Q
  1. Which disease was recently eradicated from earth?
A

Small pox and rinderpest

106
Q

How did virus get its name?

A

A scientist used a filter whose pores were smaller than the bacteria so the bacteria was not filtered, but following further investigation, it was found that the filtrate contained a smaller form of infectious agent. This agent multiplies only in dividing cells and it was made of particles – it was called contagium vivum fluidum (soluble living germ) and later was simply called virus.
Don’t know not arsed looking up

107
Q

Prions cause what in sheep?

108
Q

How are airborne viruses contracted?

A

Breathed in through the respiratory tract.

109
Q

The host of Hantavirus?

110
Q

What is the given name for Goose Disease?

A

Goose Parvovirus (Derzsy’s Disease)

111
Q

Adeno and Orthomyxo viruses - name the disease for calves.

A

Pneumoenteritis.

112
Q

What does Aujesky Disease cause in Canines?

A

Lethal CNS Disease, like rabies.

113
Q 
Immunosuppression: True/False:
 Leukemia                 
 Lymphocytes           
Enterocytes              
Encephalomyelitis   
Don’t understand the Q – Assume correct
A 
Leukemia                 TRUE
 Lymphocytes           FALSE
Enterocytes              TRUE
Encephalomyelitis   TRUE
Don’t understand the Q – Assume correct
114
Q

What virus is propagated in the Chorioallantoin?

A

Pox and Herpesvirus

115
Q

What is eclipse?

A

i. central step of virus multiplication
ii. from the first mRNA until the first virion assembly
iii. parts:
1. early transcription, translation: enzymes
2. replication: nucleic acid multiplication
3. late transcription, translation: structural proteins

116
Q

What is it called when a virus enters the blood

117
Q

Genetic part of a virion?

118
Q

The role of Rdrp in Retrovirus?

A

RNA Dependent RNA Polymerase) Replication of RNA.

119
Q

How do bacteriophages get into the host cell?

A

Tailed bacteriophages = injection

T-bacteriophages = digest cell wall

120
Q

What is a prion?

A

A prion is a small protein capable of infecting a cell and causing itself to replicate even though it contains no nucleic acid.

121
Q

Virions always contain lipids

A

false sometimes

122
Q

Virions with quasihelical nucleocapsids are enveloped

123
Q

Virions with quasihelical capsids are never enveloped.

124
Q

Pleomorphic capsids may not have an envelope.

A

False always enveloped

125
Q
  1. Please mark which is true:
    a) Mutations are more frequent in cellular organisms than in viruses
    b) The effects of mutations are always advantageous for viruses
    c) Mutation may alter the host specificity of a virus
    d) Mutant viruses cannot be used as vaccine strains.
A

c) Mutation may alter the host specificity of a virus

126
Q

How do we call the process when the antigenic structure of a virus suddenly changes due to reassortment?

A

Antigenic shift.

127
Q

Polyomaviruses can cause persistent infections in kidney cells.

A

TRUE - goose

128
Q

Papillomaviruses often cause encephalitis and diarrhoea in swine.

129
Q

Serological cross-reactions may occur between adenovirus species within the same genus.

130
Q

Atadenoviruses may cause disease in birds.

A

TRUE – egg drop disease

131
Q
  1. Please mark the correct answer: Aujesky’s Disease is caused by the:
    a) Suid herpesvirus type 1
    b) Canid herpesvirus type 2
    c) Porcine Parvovirus type 1
    d) Porcine circovirus type 2
A

a) Suid herpesvirus type 1

132
Q

Which virus family contains viruses with positive sense, single-stranded RNA genome and helical capsid?

A

Coronaviridae.

133
Q

What virus causes abortions?

A

Varicellovirus (Aujesky’s Disease, IBR, Equine rhinopneumonitis),
Arteritis virus (PRRS, Equine Arteritis Virus),
Orbivirus (Blue Tongue, Ibraki Disease, African Horse Sickness),
Phlebovirus & Nairovirus of Bunyaviridae (Rift Valley Fever, Nairobi Sheep Fever)

134
Q

How does the enveloped virus enter the cell?

A

Membrane fusion

135
Q

Viruses can only propagate in living cells.

136
Q

What disease is caused in hens by astrovirus?

137
Q

Which virus family causes haemorrhage?

A

Caliciviridae (RHD),
parvoviridae (Aleutian Mink Disease),
circoviridae (Porcine circovirus),
asfivirus (ASF),
orbivirus (African Horse Sickness, Epizootic Haemorrhagic Disease),
nairovirus (Crimean-congo haemorrhagic Fever),
Arenaviridae, paramyxovirus (Newcastle Disease),
Filovirus (Ebola).

138
Q

Contact Inhibition:

A

When the cytoplasmic membrane edges of growing cells touches each other causing an inhibition to growth (forms a primary monolayer of cells)

139
Q

Disease in hens caused by the Atadenovirus?

A

Egg Drop Syndrome

140
Q

What do you call the infective part of the virus?

A

Virion. Infected cell = vegetative virus

141
Q

Where do RNA viruses multiply?

A

In the cytoplasm (mostly)

142
Q

Which virus families cause skin lesions?

A

Papillomaviridae, polyomaviridae, (Poxviridae cause pock lesions)

143
Q

How to investigate virus neutralisation test?

A

Use blocking antibodies that will adsorb to the receptors of the cell so virus cant adsorb to the cell too.

  • Constant virus varying serum dilution: Serial 2fold serum solution, add virus, incubate (antibodies will neutralise the virus), inoculate cell cultures, incubate, CPEs.
  • Constant serum varying virus dilution: 2 Serial 10fold virus dilutions, add +and-serum, incubate, inoculate cell cultures, incubate, CPEs.
144
Q

Monoclonal antibodies:

A

produced by a single clone of B cells •specific for a particular epitope


145
Q

What proteins are found in prions?

A

Cellular prion protein, Infectious prion protein.

146
Q

What is the genetic part of the virion?

A

The nucleic acid (DNA/RNA)

147
Q

What is the family of the Distemper viruses?

A

Morbillivirus Paramyxoviridae

148
Q

Haemagglutination:

A

This is the clumping together of red blood cells due to surface protein. Tests include: Haemagglutination test, haemagglutination inhibition test.

149
Q

Concentration of a virus sample?

A

Precipitation, adsorption, dialysis, ultrafiltration, pelletisation.

150
Q

Virus titer:

A

Infective titer: the highest dilution of the virus in which 50% CPEs occur.
-Haemagglutination titer: the highest dilution of the virus in which haemagglutination has not yet occurred.

151
Q

Restriction nucleases:

A

cleave proteins at specific DNA sequences.

152
Q

Cells removed from a monoculture:

A

Can then be used in a subculture and propagated further.

153
Q

What does Aujesky’s Disease do in Canines?

A

Lethal CNS effects (like rabies)

154
Q

What type of sample is required for Ataxia in a horse?

A

Conjunctival and nasal swabs, liquor cerebrospinalis, EDTA blood. (Ataxia is a neurological sign consisting of a lack of coordinating movements)

155
Q

Propagation of African Swine Fever:

A

experimental infection of living animals

156
Q

Acridin Orange Test:

A

Tests for the presence of either ss/ds DNA/RNA.
-Green fluorescence when bound to dsDNA.
–Red fluorescence when bound to ssDNA or RNA.

157
Q

Does a greenish-yellow colour mean a doublestranded virus?

158
Q

Vaccines:

A

Live (attenuated, virulent, heterotypic, virus-vectored), inactivated, subunit, anti-idiotype. ????

159
Q

Active Immunity:

A

Stimulation of an immune response by the body by a specific antigen (injecting a weaker live virus into the body so that the body itself must produce antibodies against the viral antigens), preventative method, long term immunity. Most vaccines do not prevent infection.

160
Q

Parvo in the environment:

A

spread through faecal matter, but due to its very strong resistance it can survive on surfaces and be spread via contact with those surfaces.

161
Q

Describe the Orthobunyavirus:

A

circular ssRNA with segmented genome, enveloped, - with helical capsid, viruses: Akabane disease and Schmallenburg virus of Ruminants.

162
Q

Prions in sheep:

A

Prions are agents of Transmissible Spongioform Encephalosis and cause Scrapie in sheep.

163
Q

Tick Vectors:

A

Colorado tick fever, Lyme disease, hepatazoonosis.

164
Q

Reservoir host of Mamarenavirus?

A

Pet hamsters, mice (rodents)

165
Q

Role of VtRt in Hepadnaviridae:

A

replication (Viral transcriptase Reverse transcriptase)

166
Q

On which part of the virus is the lipid found

167
Q

PCR-Colour:

A

Green-dsDNA, Red-ssDNA/RNA worng – blue colors look

168
Q

Binary?:

A

induces DNA? Binary Vectors are shuttle vectors as they are able to replicate in multiple hosts.

169
Q

What is the method of a hemolysis test using sheep blood?

A
  • Haemagglutination Titre: serial 2fold dilution, add washed RBCs of appropriate species, incubate->titer is the highest dilution of virus where there is no haemagglutination as of yet.
  • Haemagglutination inhibition: serial 2fold dilution of serum sample, add 4-8HA units of virus, incubate, add washed RBCs->titer is the highest dilution where there is no HA.
170
Q

.Amino Acid sequence of haemagluttinating protease cleavage site of Influenza A may cause?

A

Will cleave the Hemaglutinin of the virus-this must be cleaved by cellular proteases to be active as a fusion protein and cause infection.

171
Q

What kind of theories of origin are there?

A

Cell degeneraation 

Runaway cell components
mRNA +ssRNA virus
chromosome fragment  dsDNA virus

172
Q

Which of the following is direct virus detection?

A

NA hybridization, isolation, IF, ELISA, PCR, Western Blot, EM, 


173
Q

Where do you inject Blue tongue virus?

A

Intravenously into embryonated hen egg

174
Q

Which area of the embryonate egg do we use for haemagglutination test?

A

Allantoic fluid

175
Q
  1. What does a ‘medium’ contain?
A

Salts, amino acids, carbohydrates, indicator, antibiotics and antifungal

176
Q

What is Trypsin-EDTA used for?

A

Digestion between the cells of in vitro tissue culture 


177
Q

Are there cancer cell cell cultures?

A

Yes, aneuploid cell culture

178
Q

What is a buffy coat?

A

White blood cell culture

179
Q

Virus extraction methods?

A

. Freezing-thawing three times B. Sonication
C. Detergent

180
Q

With what is virus concentration by precipitation possible?

A

Ammonium sulphate, PEG, alcohol

181
Q

What is characteristic of complex viruses?

A

No capsomere, complete symmetry (pox virus)

182
Q

Pleomorph viruses have no nucleocapsid:

183
Q

What can we label Nucleic acid hybridisation samples with?

A

Isotopes or enzymes

184
Q

What can we show with PCR? 


A

Amplification of specific DNA fragments

185
Q

What is needed for sequencing?

A

Primer, template, deoxynucleotides, labelled dideoxynucleotides, polymerase enzyme

186
Q

What cells are formed with the fusion of myeloma and B-cells?

A


Tetraploid hybrid cells 


187
Q

Non-structural proteins do not integrate into the virion

188
Q

What is budding?

A

A type of enveloped virus release

189
Q

Are mutations only a disadvantage? 


A

No, they can be advantageous 


190
Q

Can the external environment influence mutation?

191
Q

Where are there more mutations?

A

there are 10^9 in cells and 10^3 in DNA viruses 10^3 so there are more in RNA viruses

192
Q

With mutation, can species-specificity change?

193
Q

Are clutters thanks to/as a result of Interleukins?

194
Q

Is autointerference autoimmune?

195
Q

What is the reception of structural proteins

A

Mixing of phenotypes

196
Q

Do two attenuated vaccines activate each other?

197
Q

Does intramolecular recombination only happen in DNA viruses

A

No – also RNA

198
Q

Continuing from Q31) Can it happen in vacuoles and cytoplasm

199
Q

What causes cell cracking?

A

Does this mean cell rounding?

Depolarisation of the cytoskeleton

200
Q

How can you send samples?

A

Via courier, with exact legible details, +4°C, exact address

201
Q

What vectors spread rabbit haemorrhage fever?

A

Contact or fomites

202
Q

What infects bees?

A 
Dicistroviridae (Aparavirus: acute paralysis, acute Israeli paralysis, Kashmar paralysis, Cripavirus: black mother-pearl virus) 

	Iflaviridae family (larvae cystic and wing deformity virus)
203
Q

In horses, what causes encephalitis?

A

Togaviridae - alphavirus genus: Eastern, Western, Venezuelan horse encephalitis, Getah virus 

Flaviviridae - flavivirus genus: Japanese encephalitis, St. Louis encephalitis, west nile
Paramyxoviridae + Paramyxovirinae - Henipavirus: Hendra virus 

Bornaviridae - Borneo virus: Bornean sickness 


204
Q

All Bunyaviridae, are arbo viruses

A


False. All except hantavirus (Korean)

205
Q

After taking samples, the samples have to be sent to the lab within how many hours?

A

Usually 24 hours (leukocytes EDTA sep: 6 hours)

206
Q

When are swab samples used?

A

With body fluid sample

207
Q

Does Border disease cause abortion in sheep?

208
Q

What form does herpes latency appear as in the nucleus?

A

Episome (ganglion, gland, macrophage, lymphocyte) 


DNA microarray is a form of: NA Hyrbidization

Virology past questions (1 decks)

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