PQ Flashcards
1
Q
What are the Special commissions?
A
Code commission
Scientific comission
Laboratories comission
Aquatic animals comission
2
Q
Duties of the OIE
A
a) To inform governments about the occurrence & course of diseases of animals throughout the world & ways of controlling these diseases
b) To provide co-ordination at the international level for studies devoted to the surveillance & control of diseases of animals
c) To examine regulations for trade in animals & products of animal origin, with a view to harmonizing such regulation among member countries
d) To give priority to the welfare of animals used in agriculture & aquaculture & to identify animal welfare research e.g. transport
3
Q
List A?
A
meant the list of transmissible diseases which have the:
o potential for serious & rapid spread, irrespective of national boarders, which are of
o serious socio-economic or public health consequence & which are of major importance in the international trade of animals & animal products e.g. FMD, CSF, ASF, avian influenza etc.
o Control: Stamp out policy = remove huge no. of animals
4
Q
List B?
A
meant the list of transmissible diseases which are considered to be of socio-economic &/or public health importance within countries & which are significant in the international trade of animals & animal products
o Spread of these diseases is not as rapid as list A
o Serious loss in production of animals/zoonosis
o Control: eradication program = obligatory/optional
5
Q
GATT agreement
A
- to reduce to a minimum the negative effects of health barriers on international trade
- international animal health measures, guidelines and recommendation will be deemed necessary for the protection of human and animal life and health and considered to be in accordance with the sps agreement
OIE has been chosen by GATT as the reference international organisation for problems of animal health encountered in international trade in animals and animal products
if scientific or technical questions are raised in connection with an animal health dispute, the WTO panel responsible for settling the dispute will be able to consult the OIE
6
Q
the role of the WHO in public health?
A
o Providing leadership on matters critical to health & engaging in partnerships where joint action is needed
o Shaping the research agenda & stimulating the generation, translation & dissemination of valuable knowledge
o Settling norms & standards & promoting & monitoring their
implementation
o Articulating ethical & evidence-based policy options
o Providing technical support, catalysing change & building sustainable institutional capacity &
o Monitoring the health situation & assessing health trends
7
Q
Regulations of the EU
A
directly applied without the need for national measures to implement them;
8
Q
Directives of the EU
A
bind Member States as to the objectives to be achieved while leaving the national authorities the power to choose the form and the means to be used;
9
Q
Decisions of the EU
A
are binding in all their aspects upon those to whom they are addressed. A decision may be addressed to any or all Member States, to undertakings or to individuals
10
Q
Powers of the European Parliament
A
- Legislative power
- Power over the budget
- Supervision of the executive
11
Q
European commission tasks?
A
- 28 commissioners: one from each EU country
- 1) Propose new legislation
- 2) Executive organ
- 3) Treaty guardian
- 4) Represents EU on international stage
12
Q
Which organisations are active in animal welfare?
A
Council of Europe
World Organization for Animal Health
World Trade Organization
European Union
13
Q
What are the five freedoms?
A
- Freedom from hunger and thirst -access to fresh water and a diet for full health and vigour,
• 2. Freedom from discomfort -an appropriate environment with shelter and comfortable rest area,
• 3. Freedom from pain, injury and disease -prevention or rapid treatment,
• 4. Freedom to express normal behaviour -adequate space and facilities, company of the animal’s own kind,
• 5. Freedom from fear and distress -conditions and treatment which avoid mental sufferings.
14
Q
What are the three R?
A
Reduction
Refinement
Replacement
15
Q
What is a forbidden surgical intervention?
A
Surgical operations for the purpose of modifying the appearance of a pet animal or for other non-curative purposes shall be prohibited and, in particular:
o The docking of tails (Hungary: until the age of 7 days in certain breeds);
o The cropping of ears;
o Devocalisation;
o Declawing and defanging
16
Q
Which methods of killing a pet are prohibited?
A
o Drowning and other methods of suffocation if they do not produce immediate loss of consciousness and death;
o The use of any poisonous substance or drug, the dose and application of which cannot be controlled so as to give the effect mentioned above;
o Electrocution unless preceded by immediate induction of loss of consciousness
17
Q
When would stunning not be obligatory?
A
invertebrate animals, to poultry and rabbits slaughtered for home consumption (must be stunned at the slaughter house), and in cases where killing of the animal is necessary due to an emergency situation (e.g. if attacked by ananimal
18
Q
killing methods for farm animals
A
Animals shall be spared any avoidable excitement, pain, or suffering during movement ,restraint, stunning, slaughter and killing Methods: • Decapitation • Dislocation of neck • Vacuum chamber • Free bullet • CO2 exposure • Electrocution
19
Q
What are the rules for the surgical intervention of piglets?
A
Surgical intervention (should prioritise to prevent behavioural issues): Tail docking or reduction of corner teeth: not routinely, only when there is evidence of injuries; tooth clipping: within 7 days of birth o If practised, the castration of male pigs or tail-docking after 7 days of age: only under anaesthetic and additional prolonged analgesia by a veterinarian
20
Q
What are the rules for weaning of piglets?
A
Weaning: not less than 4 weeks of age, unless the welfare or health of the dam or piglets would be otherwise adversely affected
• Max 7 days earlier if specialised housing
21
Q
What are the rules for feeding of calves?
A
Appropriate diet with sufficient iron (Hb 4.5 mmol/l) and a minimum of dried feed containing digestible fibre (50-250 g daily: 8-20 weeks of age
22
Q
Why is the specifi enriched cage important? What are the standards for an enriched cage?
A
most important words: nest, litter, perches, claw shortening device
At least 750 cm2 of cage area for each laying hens (600 cm2: usable) A4 paper… o Cage: at least 2000 cm2 o Nest o Litter: pecking and scratching o Perches o Feed trough: 12 cm/ laying hen o Drinking system; 2 nipple drinkers or 2 drinking cups: within reach o Aisle: min. width of 90 cm o Claw-shortening device
23
Q
planning obligations for the transport of animals? / long journey
A
• No person shall contract or subcontract the transport of animals except to authorised transporters. For long journeys between Member States and with third countries for domestic equids other than registered equids, and domestic animals of bovine, ovine,
caprine and porcine species, transporters and organisers shall comply with the provisions on the journey log
24
Q
authorised methods of stunning
A
o Captive bolt pistol
o Percussive blow to the head
o Electronarcosis: pigs and poultry
o Exposure to carbon dioxide
25
animals for experiments:
• Live non-human vertebrate animals, including: independently feeding larval forms; & foetal forms of mammals as from the last 3rd of their normal development
• Live cephalopods
- animals for experiments (??????)
question was: non-laboratory animals for experiments, ?
26
When are animal experiments not allowed?
No license may be granted for experiments proposed for the purposes of manufacture of cosmetics, tobacco, other consumer goods, weapons and their components, and ammunition
27
Which animals are unfit for transport?
They are PIGS of less than 3 weeks, LAMBS of less than 1 week and CALVES of less than 10 days of age, unless they are transported less than 100 km;
o They are DOGS and CATS of less than 8 weeks of age, unless they are accompanied by their mother; if moved for economic activity (check above again) (some restrict
using the rabies vaccine which is first given at 3 months, and wait 3 weeks after)
o They are cervine animals in velvet.
28
When do the transport conditions not apply to equidae?
if the purpose of the journeys is to IMPROVE the health and welfare conditions of birth, or for newly born foals with their registered mares, provided that in both cases the animals are permanently accompanied by an attendant, dedicated to them during the journey
29
What is the definition of a long journey?
a journey that exceeds 8 hours starting from when the first animal of the consignment is moved (if the vehicle fits the conditions needed)
30
What is the maximum non extendible journey time for transport?
eight hours for the transport of animals destined for slaughter, where the transport is carried out exclusively from a place of departure to a place of destination both situated on their own territory
31
When do we use a journey log
For long journeys between Member states and within third countries for domestic equidae other than registered equidae and domestic bovine, ovine, caprine, and porcine species.
32
Maximum journey time for farm animals
Journey time shall not exceed 8 hours
The maximum journey time may be expended if special requirements are met:
• Unweaned animals ( foals, piglets, lambs, kids, still on milk diet)= 9 hours, 1 hour rest and another 9 hours
• Pig= Max 24 hours with continuous excess to water
• Equine: Max 24 hours , give water and feed every 8 hours
• Other animals= 14 hours, than stop for 1 hour for feeding and access to water. After that may be transported another 14 hours
33
The carcass of which species belong to category 1?
1. All body parts, including hides and skins, of the following animals:
o a) animals suspected of being infected by a TSE or in which the presence of a TSE has been officially confirmed (in farm/group that was confirmed – same pasture/progeny – no protein of mammalian origin fed to them!)
o b) animals killed in the context of TSE eradication measures,
o c) animals other than farmed animals and wild animals, including in particular pet animals, zoo animals and circus animals,
o d) experimental animals and
o e) wild animals, when suspected of being infected with diseases communicable to humans or animals;
34
What else belongs into category 1? (other then carcasses)
specified risk material (SRM), and b) where, at the time of disposal, specified risk material has not been removed, entire bodies of dead animals containing specified risk material;
& any products that will contain toxic substances
35
The carcass of which species belong to category 2?
7. Animals and parts of animals, other than those referred to category 1, that die other than by being slaughtered for human consumption, including animals killed to eradicate an epizootic disease
36
Which products belong to category 2?
Manure, waste water, residues of veterinary drugs
37
The carcass of which species belong to category 3?
o a) Carcases or bodies and parts of animals which are rejected as unfit for human consumption in accordance with Community legislation, but which did not show any signs of disease communicable to humans or animals
o b) Heads of poultry
o c) Hides and skins, including trimmings and splitting thereof, horns and feet, including the phalanges and the carpus and metacarpus bones, tarsus and metatarsus bones, of animals, other than ruminants requiring TSE testing, and ruminants which have been tested with a negative result
o d) Pig bristles;
o e) Feathers;
38
Major causes of Desinfection failure
1) Over-dilution of disinfectant during pre-mixing or application (hypochlorite
needs 3%/4%, commercial is 9%)
o 2) Incomplete or inadequate cleaning
o 3) Poor disinfectant penetration or coverage
o 4) Insufficient contact time on surfaces
o 5) Inadequate temperature and humidity while the material is being applied
39
chlorine desinfectant - what is the field of application?
are very effective in the absence of organic material (only effective if NO organic material)
o Other factors affecting the efficacy of chlorine-based disinfectants are concentration, pH, presence of natural proteins and presence of ammonia (urine should be cleaned before use!)
Chlorine has bleaching and germicidal properties and is commonly used in disinfection, sanitizing and water purification. In high concentrations, chlorine is used for sewage treatment. Chlorine disinfectants and sanitizers are readily available, inexpensive, have a broad antimicrobial spectrum (vir, fungi, bacteria) and present minimal environmental hazards
40
Duties of a chief veterinary officer
Preparation of veterinary legislation and transposition of EU directives into national law,
• Supervision and coordination of the activities of the veterinary services at regional and district levels
• Decision-making in emergency situations
• The coordination and cooperation with the network of diagnostic laboratories, according to contingency plans,
• Negotiations with the Third Countries and national representative to various international organisations, e.g. OIE, FAO and WHO
41
Duties of the regional and district veterinary officer
* animal health
* vet public health
* animal welfare
42
Name some examples where the slaughter of animals is prohibited!
Anthrax, Glanders, Rift Valley Fever
43
Myxomatosis lifting restrictions
killing, death, or recovery of the last diseased animals: 30 days waiting period + strict disinfection (no specific treatment since it’s a virus)
44
Myxomatosis infected flock measures
Infected flock: diseased or suspected of being diseased animals
o **Movement restrictions: vaccination of healthy animals
• Protection zone: examination of animals, obligatory vaccination of the rabbit flocks (pet rabbits also)
• Diseased, suspected of being diseased: killing, disposal of meat, skin
o Suspected of being diseased animals may be vaccinated:
o Authorization by district veterinary officer
• Suspected of being infected: may be slaughtered **
45
Definition of Animals being suspected of being contaminated with scabies
o Direct or indirect contact within 42 days with Diseased or Suspected D animal
o The obligatory yearly treatment was not carried out in sheep
o Sheep introduced into the herd without previous isolation
46
Official measures with scabies?
• D, SD, SC (Diseased, suspected disease, suspected contamination): obligatory treatment
o Sheep:
▪ if < 2 cm wool: 1x
▪ if > 2 cm wool: shearing and 1x or treatment 2x (interval 7-10 days)
o Another species:
▪ 2x ( interval 7-10 days) parallel disinfection of keeping place and equipment (same product) or leave empty for 6 weeks
▪ spot on, pour on, injection, tablets etc.
• Movement restrictions:
o Pasturing, work, changing keeping place only after treatment if no contact with susceptible animals
o Slaughter: only after effective treatment (zoonosis!)
o Raw product: disinfection, wool: separate storing for 6 weeks
o Equipment, buildings: strict disinfection or 6 weeks without contact with animals
47
Measures in case of American foulbrood
* killing of bee colonies
* killed bee colonies are burned and buried (+ products, comb, brood)
* burning and burial of all combustible material from the hive
* strict disinfection
* suspected of being contaminated: processing of products
48
Lifting restrictions in case of American Foulbrood
—no colonies + strict disinfection, 60 days’ observation (non-brooding period!) +
o Strict disinfection
o If only colonies suspected of being diseased: and the laboratory ruled out: without disinfection
o If only colonies suspected of being contaminated: without disinfection after observation
49
Measures in surveillance zone in european foulbrood
—no colonies + strict disinfection, 60 days’ observation (non-brooding period!) +
o Strict disinfection
o If only colonies suspected of being diseased: and the laboratory ruled out: without disinfection
o If only colonies suspected of being contaminated: without disinfection after observation
50
Official Measures in case of Acariosis
• obligatory treatment of all colonies in the protection zone
• if denied: killing without compensation
• honey and products: only after heat treatment
• disinfection (hive and equipment)
- protection zone: 5km, no movement of colonies, no exhibition, examination of all colonies
51
Official measures in infected areas after eradication of Anthrax
o Fence
o No grazing, feedstuff production
o Only vaccinated animals
o MIN. 25 years! Public health measures
* Notification to state medical service
* Informing the keeper, owner
* Personal disinfection
* Protective clothes, gloves & footwear, mask (spore inhalation)
* Keeping the floor wet, prevention of dust
52
definition of LPAI
• an infection of poultry or other captive birds caused by avian influenza viruses of subtypes H5 or H7 that do not come within the definition of HPAI
53
Public health measures in bovine tuberculosis
* Zoonotic disease! Notify medical if animals infected, notify vets if humans infected by eating meat
* Notification to state medical service
* Informing the keeper, owner
* Personal disinfection
* Protective clothes, gloves and footwear
* Control of products (raw milk used to be important source for human!)
* Can be in Swine and other Ruminants: deer – inner side of thigh with thin skin
54
Public Health Measures in case of suspicion of Bovine Brucellosis
* Notification to state medical service
* Informing the keeper, owner (pregnancy!)
* Personal disinfection
* Protective clothes, gloves and footwear
* Control of products
* Still present in wild game, and B suis (swine!)
* Breeding dog should be free from B canis! (abortion, orchitis) – frequently test
55
Country free from infection of CBPP without intermediate steps
• Continuously free from CBPP for at least 10 years and
• No vaccination for at least 10 years;
• No clinical or pathological evidence for at least 10 years;
• Adequate disease surveillance and reporting system;
• Use of laboratory diagnostic procedures capable of differentiating Mycoplasma
mycoides from other bovine Mycoplasma infections
56
Reestablishing infection free status for CBPP (PQ)
o 2 years from the date of the last case;
o Demonstration that the outbreak did not represent endemic infection and that the
disease has been eradicated by the actions taken
57
Official Measures in the protection zone in case of bluetongue confirmation
• The identification of all holdings with animals inside the zone
• The implementation by the competent authority of an epidemio-surveillance programme
based on the monitoring of sentinel groups of bovine animals (or, in their absence, of other
species of ruminant) and vector populations;
• A ban on animals leaving the zone. However, exemptions from the exit ban may be decided on in
particular for animals situated in part of the zone where there is a proven absence of viral
circulation or of vectors.
• Vaccination of animals against bluetongue and their identification in the protection zone may be
decided.
• In the surveillance zone the measures for the protection zone apply. Any vaccination against
bluetongue is prohibited.
• All persons in the protection and surveillance zones shall be fully informed of the restrictions in
force and make any arrangements required for the proper implementation of the measures in
question
58
From where do we take samples in case of FMD?
The preferred tissue for diagnosis is epithelium from unruptured or freshly ruptured vesicles.
• Where this is not possible, saliva and blood and/or oesophageal-pharyngeal fluid samples taken
by probang cup in ruminants or throat swabs from swine provide an alternative source of virus.
Myocardial tissue or blood can be submitted from fatal cases, but vesicles are again preferable if
present. It is vital that samples from suspected cases be transported under secure special
conditions and according to international regulations. They should only be dispatched to
authorized laboratoriesq
59
Recovery of FMD free and infection free status if no vaccination has been used?
o The control and eradication measures laid down for the protection and surveillance zones
have been effective and may be lifted and
o At least three months have elapsed after the last recorded outbreak
60
Recovery of FMD free status after vaccination
61
Recovery of FMD free and infection free status if vaccination has been used:
o The control and eradication measures laid down for the protection and surveillance zones
have been effective and may be lifted and
o At least three months have elapsed since the slaughter of the last vaccinated animal and serological surveillance has been carried out; or
o At least six months have elapsed since the last outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease or the completion of emergency vaccination
62
Protection Zone Measures in FMD
• A minimum radius of 3 km
• National and local disease control centres
• Tracing of all susceptible animals and animal products
• Registration of all holdings and establishment: regular veterinary inspections
• Animals of susceptible species must remain on the holding except where they are emergency
slaughtered in a slaughterhouse outside the protection zone – may authorise separate slaughter
at designated slaughterhouse
• Fairs, markets and shows for ungulates and artificial insemination are prohibited
• Private practitioners advised to help in these cases (paid by the state) – obligatory!
• Ban of transport of susceptible animals
• Prohibition of the placing on the market of meat and meat products derived from animals of
susceptible species
• Milk and milk products, semen, ova and embryos, hides and skins, wool, hair, bristles animal
feed, fodder, hay and straw: special treatment and/or strict veterinary control or ban
• The measures are maintained and complied with until:
o At least 15 days have elapsed since the killing and disposal of all the animals on the
holdings affected by FMD;
o A survey in all holdings in the protection zone has been concluded with negative results
63
Generation shift in BHV-1
• Isolated keeping and rearing of free calves
• Pregnant cows (intrauterine infection!): vaccination before calving (conventional or marker vaccine)
• Calves:
o Isolation from 3 days of age
o 1st blood test: 6 months of age
o Elimination of positives
o Blood test in every 3-6 weeks, until 2 negative results of all animals
64
Eradication of BHV 1
* 1) Classic selection method
* 2) Selection with the use of marker vaccines
* 3) Generation shift
* 4) Herd change
65
Definition of BHV-1 infected herd
* Confirmed infection – PCR
* IgE positive animal
* Use of non-marker vaccine in the past 2 years
* Obligatory eradication plan → slaughtered, can go for Human consumption
66
What to do if a single animal is positive with Enzootic bovine leukosis?
If a single animal in an officially enzootic-bovine leukosis-free herd has reacted positively,
or where infection is otherwise suspected in one animal in a herd:
o The animal which has reacted positively, and, in the case of a cow, any calf it may have
produced, must have left the herd for slaughter under the supervision of the veterinary
authorities;
o All animals in the herd more than 12 months old have reacted negatively to two
serological tests (at least 4 months and less than 12 months apart) carried out at least
three months after removal of the positive animal and any possible progeny thereof;
o An epidemiological inquiry has been conducted with negative results and the
herds linked epidemiologically to the infected herd have been tested.
o However, the competent authority may grant a derogation from the obligation to
slaughter the calf of an infected cow where it was separated from its mother
immediately after calving. In this case, the calf must be tested at the age of 24
months.
67
Surveillance zone in case of AHS
o Minimum 12 months
o A min. radius of +50 km
o Taking into account of epidemiological, geographical, climatic conditions
o Notice: informing the public about restrictions
o Disinsectisation
o Visit of all holding keeping equidae, samples
o Movement of horses: only for emergency slaughter
o Vaccination is prohibited
68
Measures in case of Official Confirmation
• Notice: informing the public about restrictions
• Killing of infected horses
• Disposal of carcasses and animal waste
• Strict disinfection
• 20 km zone: official surveillance, obligatory vaccination, laboratory examination of
dogs, killing of diseased dogs
• Epizootic inquiry
• Taking into account of epidemiological, geographical (e.g. mountains), climatic conditions
(seasonal)
69
Protection zone in case of AHS
o Minimum 12 months
o A min. radius of 100 km
o Taking into account of epidemiological, geographical, climatic conditions
o Notice: informing the public about restrictions
o Disinsectisation
o Visit of all holding keeping equidae, samples
o Movement of horses: only for emergency slaughte
70
Public health measurs in case of glanders
1. Notification to the public health service
2. Informing the keepers
3. Protective cloth, personal disinfection
• No treatment of infected animals
• SD: treatment only by veterinarian
• Ophthalmic test
71
definition of an animal diseased of EIA
* Typical clinical signs or
* Non-typical clinical signs but demonstration of the virus and/or 2 positive serology (interval: 21 days)
* Pathology, histopathology
72
Official Measures in case of EIA
• Isolation, housing in the stable, dis-insectisation
• Diseased, infected: slaughter at a slaughterhouse
• Suspected of being diseased:
o Movement restrictions, observation
o Clinical and serological examination: every 3 weeks
• Suspected of being contaminated:
o Movement restrictions
o Diagnostic examination: every 3 weeks
o Minimum 90 days
• Transport: authorisation to slaughterhouse, closed vehicle
• Unloading: official veterinary check, strict disinfection of the vehicle
• Pasturing: infected pasture: 6 months
• Lifting restrictions: no equidae, strict disinfection, disinsectisation
73
Measures in the surveillance zone of CSF
o A radius of at least 10km
o Census of all holdings
o Prohibition of any movement or transport of pigs
o Cleaning & disinfection
o Removal of pigs from a holding situated in a surveillance or protection zone
is subject of authorisation by the vet authority
74
Repopulation of a Holding affected by CSF
Minimum 30 days after the completion of the cleaning & disinfection operations
• Open-air holdings: full repopulation may take place only if none of the sentinel pigs has
developed Abs against the virus (test: 40 days)
75
Repopulation in case of ASF
The reintroduction of pigs to infected holdings shall not occur until 40 days after completion of
the cleansing, disinfection and, if necessary, disinsectisation operations in the holding in question.
• As regards open-air holdings, the reintroduction of pigs shall start with the introduction of
sentinel pigs which have been checked and found negative for the presence of antibodies
against African swine fever virus or which come from holdings not subjected to any restrictions
related to African swine fever. The sentinel pigs shall be placed, throughout the infected holding
and shall be sampled 45 days later, and shall be tested for the presence of antibodies
• In case of holdings where the occurrence of disease has been linked to vectors, restocking
shall not take place for at least 6 years unless:
o Specific operations to eliminate the vector from the premises and places where the pigs
are to be kept or can come into contact with the vector have been successfully carried
out under official supervision, or
o It has been possible to show that the persistence of the vector no longer represents a
significant risk of African swine fever being transmitted
76
Control of free status in case of aujezky disease on large scale holdings
o All boars: every 6 months
o Sows: 20-50% every 6 months
o Representative sample of fattening pig
77
Control of free status: regular tests in a Small holding:
o All boars & sows: every year
| o 5% of pigs over 4 months
78
control measures on a teschen disease large scale holding
* All diseased and suspected of being diseased pig: killed on the spot
* Suspected of being contaminated: observation for 40 days, if slaughtered: heat treatment
79
lifting restriction for teschen disease
* Strict disinfection (repeated 14 days)
* Observation period: 40 days
* Protection zone: 40 days
80
Restocking SVD
• Four weeks after completion of the first full disinfection of the premises
• Outdoor pig holdings:
o Negative sentinel piglets: examined clinically and sampled for serological testing after 28
days
o Full restocking
• Other forms of rearing:
o Within a period of eight days
o Seronegative pigs
o No pig may leave the holding for a period of 60 days after the arrival of the last pigs,
o Clinical and serological examination: 28 days after the arrival of the last pigs
81
Confirmation of the presence of SVD
Confirmation of the presence of disease (Please remember this slide!)
• Virus isolation from the pigs or from the environment
• Seropositive pigs + characteristic lesions
• Clinical signs + direct epidemiological connection with a confirmed outbreak
• Only seropositive pigs: resampling and retesting with an interval of 28 days
• If no evidence of the disease, but the pigs are still seropositive:
o Killed and destroyed or
o Slaughtered separately and the meat is exclusively used on the national market
82
definition of DIVA in avian influenza!!!!!!
• A vaccination strategy which enables to differentiate between vaccinated/infected and vaccinated/non-infected animals through the application of a diagnostic test designed to detect Abs against the field virus & the use of non-vaccinated sentinel birds
83
Measures to be applied on holdings where HPAI outbreaks are confirmed
All poultry and other captive birds on the holding shall be killed
All carcases and eggs on the holding shall be disposed
All substances and waste likely to be contaminated, such as feed, shall be destroyed
Meat of poultry slaughtered and eggs collected from the holding during the period between
the probable date of introduction of HPAI on the holding and the application of the measures
of stamping out shall, wherever possible, be traced and dispose
84
Measures in the protection zone of New castle disease
* A minimum radius of 3 km
* Stand-still measures and controlled movements of poultry for at least 21 days
* Before lifting the measures: sampling of the poultry holdings
85
Measures in the Surveillance zone of New castle disease
```
• A minimum radius of 10 km
• Stand-still measures and controlled movements of poultry for at least 30days
• Before lifting the measures: sampling of the poultry holdings
• Strict disinfection:
o Preliminary cleaning and disinfection
o Final cleaning and disinfection
• Designated national laboratory
• Vaccination
o Prophylactic vaccination
o Emergency vaccination
```
86
Preventative measures in case of duck viral enteritis
* No free keeping on natural water during the 2 weeks before egg-laying period
* Infected natural water: no susceptible birds for 2 years exc: vaccinated broiler ducks ,
* Breeding and broiler flocks shall not be kept together
87
Functions of the LAEC
(Local Animal Experimental committee)
o The preparation of the animal experimentation regulation (ethical codex)
o The control of observance of the animal experimentation regulation
o The professional-ethical supervision of the animal experimentation of the institution
o Organisation of education and training of those authorised to carry out animal experiments
88
Penalties for Animal Cruelty
The penalty for a felony shall be higher, if the criminal offense is carried out in a manner
to cause undue suffering to the animal, or results in permanent damage to several
animals or in the destruction of more than one animal
89
Work of the FVO
uniform application of vet legislation
90
Public Health establishments and labs under the control of minister of agriculture
a) veterinary institutes functioning with national or regional competence perform the
diagnostic and examinations for the prevention of epidemics prevention connected
with reduction in production, infections, diseases, death of animals;
b. b) the institute performing tasks of food examination (food safety) adopts the
international methods of food examination and makes them general, operates
residuum, radiological and toxicological monitoring systems (system of food control)
adequate to the international and national regulations, carries out international and
national reference laboratory activities, also, performs institutional expert tasks
concerning similar activities of the laboratories of the veterinary offices;
c. c) the institute performing tasks of vaccine-, medicine-and fodder examination:
contributes to procedures of permission concerning products of veterinary
therapeutics (vaccines, diagnostics, medicines) as well as to fodder containing
medicine as an expert institute;
d. d) laboratories operated by the regional veterinary authority: the task of the
laboratories is making a microbiological examination of food and fodder;
e. e) the laboratory of reproduction biology of the authority of animal breeding, in
the competence provided in the law
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the GATT
the international animal health measures which conform to international standards, guidelines and recommendations will be deemed necessary for the protection of human and animal life and health and considered to be in accordance with the SPS Agreement (standards, guidelines and recommendations developed under the auspices of the OIE)
OIE has been chosen by GATT as the reference international organisation for problems of animal health encountered in international trade in animals and animal products
if scientific or technical questions are raised in connection with an animal health dispute, the WTO panel responsible for settling the dispute will be able to consult the OIE
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Definition of Cruelty to animals in criminal law
• Any person who is engaged in the unjustified abuse or unjustified mistreatment of vertebrate animals resulting in permanent damage to the animal’s health or in the animal’s destruction
o Or who abandons, dispossess or expels a domesticated vertebrate animal or a dangerous animal is guilty of a misdemeanour
• The penalty for a felony shall be higher, if the criminal offense is carried out in a manner to cause undue suffering to the animal, or results in permanent damage to several animals or in the destruction of more than one animal
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When is it acceptable to kill an animal
especially food production, fur production, population control, incurable disease, injury, risk of infection, pest control, prevention of an otherwise unavoidable attack, and scientific research
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Principle for keeping a Pet?
• Nobody shall cause a pet animal unnecessary pain, suffering or distress.
• Nobody shall abandon a pet animal (vertebrate and dangerous invertebrate)
• Any person who keeps a pet animal or who has agreed to look after it, shall be
responsible for its health and welfare.
• Any person who is keeping a pet animal or who is looking after it shall provide
accommodation, care and attention which take account of the ethological needs of
the animal in accordance with its species and breed, in particular:
o Give it suitable and sufficient food and water;
o Provide it with adequate opportunities for exercise;
o Take all reasonable measures to prevent its escape;
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NDV for carrier pigeons
• Application of the eradication and control measures provided for poultry or at
least a ban on movement of pigeons or poultry kept in captivity for at least 60
days.
• Any material likely to be contaminated shall be destroyed or treated
• Epizootiological inquiry
• Contingency plan
• The use of swill is prohibited as feed of poultry
