ppwt 6 conception and pregnancy Flashcards
does fertilization means pregnancy
no
what happens during the binding of a sperm and the oovocyte
- bring the ZP in the head of the perm it as a post translation modification. They bind to the ZP and release acrosomal enzymes that degrade the zona pelucida and they can enter the egg
- upon binding further, there are other kind of receptors that can bind to the protein of the oocyte the sperm nucles gets in
- it makes a corticol reaction and it modifies the ZP and others sperms cannot bind anymore to the ovum
primordial cell differentiate in
allantoic ectoderm
where does the allantoic ectoderm migrates
migrate to endoderm and then along the hindgut to the genetical ridges
how does the migration of the cell occur
migration involves cell protrusion and adhesion in the leading edge and retraction of the lagging edge (repelling and attracting cells)
Hormone signal
KITL and KIT
CXCL12 and CXCR4 (GPCR)
If you take which hormone signal there would be no more directions
CXCL12 and CXCR4
the sequential process of sexual differentiation
- establishment of genetic sex
- translation of genetic sex into gonadal sex
- translation of gonadal sex into phenotypic sex
X chromosomes encode more what
gametogenesis and hypothalamus-pituitary functions
and most regulate non reproductive functions
Y chromosomes encode more what
regulate reproductive functions
sexual differentiation females and males
females: Mullerian duct -> female tract (oviduct, uterus, upper vagina)
males : wolffian duct -> male tract (epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicle)
what males and females have in common
urogenital sinus
urogenital sinus will be .. in females and … in males
clitoris and vulva in females
penis and scrotum in males
in male development what will sertoli cells do
mullerian duct regression (AMH)
what will leydig cells do in male development
wolffian duct stabilization (source of tetosterone production)
after wolddian duct is stablized what happens
male external genital differentiation
testis descent
external genital growth
what are the pre requisites for normal sex differentiation
- normal intact chromosome complement
- fully functioning sex determination genes
- intact steroidogenic pathway and receptors
true or false
sexual reproduction produces new combinations of genes
true - new combiantions of genes during crossing over at meiosis to produce gametes
how does recombinations in sex chromosomes occur
with the PAR (pseudoautosomal region)
what contain SRY
MSY - male specific region of Y
what happen if a mistake happen and there is a SRY transferred to an X
it would be an XX male
SRY makes
male phenotype - testes and external male genitalia
if an XY has a deleted SRY
XY female - formation of ovary
where does SRY gene binds
to the HMG box and induce transcription
if there is +SRY what happens?
Id there isnt an SRY what happens
+SRY: SOX 9 - form Amh (anti mullerian hormone), FGF8, PGD2, other male gene and it will form male
- SRY: foxl2 will make follistatin –> ovarian development
how does the anti mullerian hormone signals regress mullerian duct
by the stat jack that will form the SMAD and when it will go to the nucleus it will fr pro apoptotic gene that will program cell death and apoptosis of Mullerian duct
what does NR2F2 do in females
signals regression of wolffian duct
where is NR2F2 expressed
expressed in mesenchymal cells surrounding Wolffian duct
what happens if females embryos are lacking Nr2f2
they will maintain wolffian ducts
