PPT_Lecture 9 Flashcards
The sequence of events includes seed
germination, seedling emergence, and
development to the stage where the seedlings
could be expected to grow to maturity.
Crop Establishment
Factors to be considered in determining the optimum population and the spacing for a particular crop:
- Distance between rows of plants
- Spacing of plants within a row
The pattern resulting
from the random
scattering of seeds
on the soil surface.
Broadcast Planting
The pattern resulting
from the random dropping (and subsequent covering) of seeds in furrows to give definite rows of randomly spaced plants
Drill Planting
The pattern resulting
from the accurate
placement (and
subsequent covering)
of single seeds in
furrows at about equal
intervals to give definite
rows of almost equally
spaced single plants
Precision Drill Planting
The pattern resulting from
the accurate placement
(and subsequent covering)
of groups (or hills) of seed
in furrows at about equal
intervals to give definite
rows of almost equally
spaced groups of plants
Hill Planting
The square-grid planting
pattern resulting from the
accurate and indexed
placement (and
subsequent covering of
seed) of individual seeds or
groups of seed. Individual
plants, or groups of plants,
are spaced equidistant
apart and aligned in
perpendicular rows
check row planting
The pattern resulting from placing
single or multiple seeds in
individual holes that have been
‘punched’ or otherwise dug in the
seedbed. As Figure shows, the
holes are usually aligned to form
rows of established plants.
Nevertheless, when hand, rather
than machine, planting methods
are used the holes may be
randomly placed over the
seedbed surface.
punch planting
placing seedlings or groups of seedlings
at about equal intervals in rows.
transplanting
are primarily designed to cut soil and/or residue in the row area without significantly disturbing the seedbed.
Soil –and – Residue
Cutting Devices
Are primarily designed to alter surface residue
and/or soil conditions to facilitate the operation
of the planter’s furrow opening device or
otherwise improve the prospects for crop
establishment.
Row Preparation Devices
specific device that opens the furrow into which the seed is placed.
Furrow Opening Devices
are designed to press uncovered seed into the
soil at the base of the seed furrow to improve
seed/soil contact.
Seed Firming Devices
specifically designed
to promote soil flow back into the furrow to
cover the seed after placement and/or firming.
Seed Covering Devices
are designed to firm the soil that covers the seed in a furrow
Row specific seedbed
firming devices
designed to firm and/or
level the entire field surface,
Non row specific
seedbed firming/levelling devices
Planter should be able to:
- open a furrow
- meter the seed, seed pieces, plant parts or seedlings
- Deliver the seed to, and place the seed appropriately in the
furrow - covering the seed in the furrow
- Firm the seedbed
- Perform other functions (weed control, apply
crop chemicals)
is here considered to be any manually powered machine or any power-operated device used to place
seeds, seed pieces, plant parts and seedlings in/on the
soil for propagation and production
Planting Equipment
are also designed to meter out seeds without damage
at the desired rate and place them in moist soil,
uniformly distributed or in hills, at the desired depth,
and with the covering soil compacted as desired.
Planting Equipment
Method of Attachment and the
Type of Power Source
- Human
- Animal
- Tractor-powered
Human-powered planters can typically be
categorized as being either:
- hand-held/carried
- pulled or pushed
Animal-powered planters are typically
categorized as:
pulled
Tractor-powered planters can generally be categorized
as being:
- Trailed
- semi-mounted
- front/mid/rear mounted
Type of Planter
Broadcast
Drill
precision
dibble
specialized
