PPT_Lecture 9

Question 1

The sequence of events includes seed
germination, seedling emergence, and
development to the stage where the seedlings
could be expected to grow to maturity.

Answer 1

Crop Establishment

Question 2

Factors to be considered in determining the optimum population and the spacing for a particular crop:

Answer 2

1. Distance between rows of plants
2. Spacing of plants within a row

Question 3

The pattern resulting
from the random
scattering of seeds
on the soil surface.

Answer 3

Broadcast Planting

Question 4

The pattern resulting
from the random dropping (and subsequent covering) of seeds in furrows to give definite rows of randomly spaced plants

Answer 4

Drill Planting

Question 5

The pattern resulting
from the accurate
placement (and
subsequent covering)
of single seeds in
furrows at about equal
intervals to give definite
rows of almost equally
spaced single plants

Answer 5

Precision Drill Planting

Question 6

The pattern resulting from
the accurate placement
(and subsequent covering)
of groups (or hills) of seed
in furrows at about equal
intervals to give definite
rows of almost equally
spaced groups of plants

Answer 6

Hill Planting

Question 7

The square-grid planting
pattern resulting from the
accurate and indexed
placement (and
subsequent covering of
seed) of individual seeds or
groups of seed. Individual
plants, or groups of plants,
are spaced equidistant
apart and aligned in
perpendicular rows

Answer 7

check row planting

Question 8

The pattern resulting from placing
single or multiple seeds in
individual holes that have been
‘punched’ or otherwise dug in the
seedbed. As Figure shows, the
holes are usually aligned to form
rows of established plants.
Nevertheless, when hand, rather
than machine, planting methods
are used the holes may be
randomly placed over the
seedbed surface.

Answer 8

punch planting

Question 9

placing seedlings or groups of seedlings
at about equal intervals in rows.

Answer 9

transplanting

Question 10

are primarily designed to cut soil and/or residue in the row area without significantly disturbing the seedbed.

Answer 10

Soil –and – Residue
Cutting Devices

Question 11

Are primarily designed to alter surface residue
and/or soil conditions to facilitate the operation
of the planter’s furrow opening device or
otherwise improve the prospects for crop
establishment.

Answer 11

Row Preparation Devices

Question 12

specific device that opens the furrow into which the seed is placed.

Answer 12

Furrow Opening Devices

Question 13

are designed to press uncovered seed into the
soil at the base of the seed furrow to improve
seed/soil contact.

Answer 13

Seed Firming Devices

Question 14

specifically designed
to promote soil flow back into the furrow to
cover the seed after placement and/or firming.

Answer 14

Seed Covering Devices

Question 15

are designed to firm the soil that covers the seed in a furrow

Answer 15

Row specific seedbed
firming devices

Question 16

designed to firm and/or
level the entire field surface,

Answer 16

Non row specific
seedbed firming/levelling devices

Question 17

Planter should be able to:

Answer 17

1. open a furrow
2. meter the seed, seed pieces, plant parts or seedlings
3. Deliver the seed to, and place the seed appropriately in the
   furrow
4. covering the seed in the furrow
5. Firm the seedbed
6. Perform other functions (weed control, apply
   crop chemicals)

Question 18

is here considered to be any manually powered machine or any power-operated device used to place
seeds, seed pieces, plant parts and seedlings in/on the
soil for propagation and production

Answer 18

Planting Equipment

Question 19

are also designed to meter out seeds without damage
at the desired rate and place them in moist soil,
uniformly distributed or in hills, at the desired depth,
and with the covering soil compacted as desired.

Answer 19

Planting Equipment

Question 20

Method of Attachment and the
Type of Power Source

Answer 20

1. Human
2. Animal
3. Tractor-powered

Question 21

Human-powered planters can typically be
categorized as being either:

Answer 21

1. hand-held/carried
2. pulled or pushed

Question 22

Animal-powered planters are typically
categorized as:

Answer 22

pulled

Question 23

Tractor-powered planters can generally be categorized
as being:

Answer 23

1. Trailed
2. semi-mounted
3. front/mid/rear mounted

Question 24

Type of Planter

Answer 24

 Broadcast
 Drill
 precision
 dibble
 specialized

Question 25

As the seeds are deposited on
the soil surface (i.e. not in furrows
created by a furrow opener) an
additional operation (e.g. harrowing)
may be needed to cover seed.

Answer 25

broadcast planter

Question 26

This type of
planter uses a mass flow type
seed meter and is extensively
used for the establishment of
both winter and summer crops
where there is no need to
place plants equidistant down
the rows.

Answer 26

Drill Planter

Question 27

They are typically
used to plant crops that require accurate
control of plant population, and spacing
between and along the rows to achieve
the yield potential under given
environmental conditions.

Answer 27

precision planter

Question 28

Planter Component Parts

Answer 28

1. soil-engaging components
2. furrow opener depth control components
3. seed metering components
4. seed delivery components

Question 29

Classification of Planter Soil-engaging Components

Answer 29

Group 1 – Soil –and – Residue
Cutting Devices
Group 2 – Row Preparation Devices
Group 3 – Furrow Opening Devices
Group 4 – Seed Firming Devices
Group 5 – Seed Covering Devices
Group 6 – Row specific seedbed firming devices
Group 7 – Non row specific seedbed firming/levelling devices

Question 30

Types of Disc Coulter Soil and
Residue Cutting Devices

Answer 30

1. Plain Disc Colter
2. Notched Disc Colter
3. Bubble Disc Colter
4. Ripple Disc Colter
5. Fluted Disc Colter
6. Wavee Disc Colter
7. Turbo Disc Colter

Question 31

Typical Cutting Edge Profiles for
Each General Disc Coulter Type

Answer 31

1. Plain
2. Notched
3. Bubble
4. Ripple
5. Fluted
6. Wavee

Question 32

Types of Row Preparation Devices

Answer 32

1. Blade
2. Concave Disc Types
3. Finger Harrow
4. Finger Wheel Types
5. Horizontal Disc
6. Tine Types
7. Roller Type

Question 33

Types of Furrow Opener

Answer 33

1. Bioblade
2. Concave Disc
3. Disc Coulter Types
4. Runner Types
5. Tine Types
6. Punch Types
7. Powered

Question 34

Furrow Shapes

Answer 34

1. Duckfoot tine type opener
2. single vertical disc opener
3. twin inclined double disc opener
4. bioblade opener

Question 35

Types of Seed Covering Devices

Answer 35

1. Chain
2. Knife
3. Concave Disc
4. Paddle
5. Finger

Question 36

Types of Seedbed Firming Devices

Answer 36

1. Presswheel Types
2. Finger Wheel Types
3. Coil Press Types

Question 37

The three general types of press
wheel

Answer 37

1. Overcentre
2. Zero Pressure Type
3. Inclined Type

Question 38

General types of non row specific
seedbed firming/levelling devices

Answer 38

1. Rollers
2. Harrows
3. Packers

Question 39

Optimum effective depth of planting of small seeds

Answer 39

shallow depths (e.g. 3–8 mm)

Question 40

Optimum effective depth of planting of large seeds

Answer 40

Deep depths (e.g. 30 to 60 mm)

Question 41

are those devices that meter the seed from the seed box and deposit it into the delivery system that conveys the seed for placement on or in the seedbed

Answer 41

metering seed devices