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gis > ppt2 > Flashcards

ppt2 Flashcards

1
Q

A system for capturing, storing, checking, integrating, manipulating, analyzing and displaying spatial data

A

Geographic Information System

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2
Q

GIS process

A
  1. Input: spatial data
  2. GIS/mapping software: analysis and data visualization (does not come with its own data)
  3. Output: new data and maps
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3
Q

Theoretical overview

A
  • GIS creates real world spatial data
  • As digitized themed data “layers”
  • Assembled in any combination
  • And overlaid for analysis
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4
Q

desktop softwares

A

ArcGIS Pro
QGIS

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5
Q

GIS Applications

A

View imagery
Create 3d models
Create maps
Conduct analysis

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6
Q

e.g. points, lines and polygons

A

vector

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7
Q

Composed of coordinates

A

vector

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8
Q

most common vector file format

A

shapefile

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9
Q

Actually a collection of several different files with different extensions

A

shapefile

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10
Q

Rows represent unique geometries (e.g. state polygons)
Columns represent a number of variables (theoretically infinite)

A

vector Backend database/Attribute table

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11
Q

e.g. row and column matrix

A

Raster

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12
Q

Composed of pixels

A

Raster

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13
Q

Includes aerial photographs, digital elevation models, and scanned maps (all constructed from pixels)

A

Raster

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14
Q

Each cells has its own value
Raster can only symbolize one variable at a time

A

frontend cell matrix

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15
Q

Rows represent unique values (e.g. 1m, 2m, 3m, etc.)
Columns have specific variables

A

raster Backend database/Attribute table

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16
Q

Includes common image formats

A

raster file extensions

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17
Q

spatial data types

A

vector
raster
tabular

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18
Q

Can be transformed into spatial data in two ways

A

tabular data

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19
Q

tabular data can be transformed into spatial data through:

A

joining and geocoding

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20
Q

joining methods

A

Use a shared unique identifier to match up tabular data to spatial’s data attribute table

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21
Q

geocoding methods

A
  • Use lat/lon coordinates in table to plot as points on map
  • Use addresses to plot locations based on a street network
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22
Q

geodatabases

A

ESRI/ArcGIS storage system

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23
Q

a collection of geographic datasets of various types held in a common file system folder

A

ESRI/ArcGIS storage system

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24
Q

advantanges of ESRI/ArcGIS storage system

A

larger files size limits,
faster processing time when using
analysis tools

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25
Q

disadvantages of ESRI/ArcGIS storage system

A

can only be opened in ESRI software

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26
Q

common associated workflows

A
  • satellite remote sensing
  • 3d modeling and photogrammetry
  • statistical analysis
  • visual design
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27
Q

Processed imagery as rasters or vectors (e.g. enhancements, classifications)

A

Satellite remote sensing

28
Q

Raw Imagery for basemaps

A

Satellite remote sensing

29
Q

Processed imagery as rasters or models (e.g. orthophotos, DEMS, 3D models)

A

3d modeling and photogrammetry

30
Q

Attribute tables for running analyses, (e.g. regressions, predictions)

A

Statistical analysis

31
Q

Maps for improved design aesthetics

A

Visual design

32
Q

characteristics of spatial data

A

generalization
abstraction
spatial resolution/scale
temporal resolution

33
Q

The most detailed data available is not suitable for all purposes (or often a manageable file size)

A

Generalization

34
Q

The process of reducing data from its complete state to what is necessary for use and presentation

A

Abstraction

35
Q

Suitable data geometry is dependent on scale e.g. roads are polygons at local scale but lines at national scale

A

Spatial resolution/scale

36
Q

Searching for spatial data

A

-Look in general GIS data repositories
-Search the internet
-Include “gis”, or “data” in the search terms Search by location and/or topic Search for country statistical agencies or open data sites (large cities often have their own open data portals as well)
-Contact GIS departments, universities, or researchers in your area of interest.
-Search for articles on your topic and look for the sources of the data.

37
Q

Used to learn how and why the data were created, access restrictions, columns in the attribute table, and much more!

A

metadata

38
Q

data visualization principles

A

cartography
maps

39
Q

is the art and science of making maps

A

Cartography

40
Q

always simplifications of reality, which makes them helpful when making decisions or explaining patterns

A

Maps

41
Q

designed by people (who have intentions), so we have to create them responsibly

A

Maps

42
Q

three key questions

A
  1. who wants the map
  2. where will it be seen
  3. what is its purpose
43
Q

map design process

A

-Start with assembling the data from multiple sources
-Choose data, analyses, and symbolization
-Insert the title, legend, north arrow, scale bar and labels

44
Q

Provides accessible color options

A

Colorbrewer

45
Q

Commonly used map type

A

Choropleth

46
Q

These use different shading and coloring to display the quantity or value in defined areas

A

Choropleth

47
Q

choropleth map choices

A

-number of classes
-classification method

48
Q

Aggregates data for display
More classes=more variation

A

number of classes (choropleth)

49
Q

Data classification is how data is arranged into separate classes

A

Classification method

50
Q

Classification method major types

A

Equal intervals
Quantile
Natural breaks
Defined intervals

51
Q

classes have equal ranges

A

Equal intervals

52
Q

classes have equal counts

A

Quantile

53
Q

optimizes class variation

A

Natural breaks

54
Q

you define classes

A

Defined intervals

55
Q

Is about developing a balanced arrangement

A

Map layout design

56
Q

GPS

A

global positioning system

57
Q

Etched the lay of the land in clay tablets

A

Babylonians 2300 BC

58
Q

started making maps using wooden blocks

A

15th century

59
Q

TIGER:

A

Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Referencing

60
Q

Outsourcing tasks to a large group of people often through an appeal on the internet

A

Crowdsourcing

61
Q

A free wiki map that allows users to edit and add geographic data

A

Open Street Map

62
Q

is an open source software application which utilizes user-generated reports to collate and map data.

A

USHAHIDI

63
Q

Text message network used in the Haiti earthquake

A

4636 effort

64
Q
A
65
Q
A

gis (4 decks)

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