PPT2

Question 1

The Four Stages of Port Management and Operations

Answer 1

Stage 1. Ports’ Off-Port-Limits (OPL) Operations
Stage 2. Port Operations and Berthing Management
Stage 3. Ship Operations at the Berth/Terminal
Stage 4. Port and Terminal Operators’ Logistics Networks

Question 2

Seaports offer_____ to the ships in transit that are not scheduled to visit the particular port of call for loading or discharging operations but are in need of specific port-related services.

Answer 2

OPL operations services

Question 3

_______help ships achieve time efficiency and minimum deviation, low cost, and economies of scale.

Answer 3

OPL services

Question 4

The services provided could be classified into the following categories:

Answer 4

1. Procurement
2. passengers drop-off
3. Crew Changes
4. Embarking and disembarking of vetting inspectors
5. In case of an accident or a medical emergency onboard, a helicopter can be employed to pick up the victims and deliver them to a designated hospital.

Question 5

the victualing of stores, spare parts, food supplies, and so on.

Answer 5

procurement

Question 6

where each launch boat can accommodate about 20 persons, and charge per boat trip, instead of number of passengers, thus achieving economies of scale.

Answer 6

passenger’s drop-off

Question 7

of vetting inspectors, marine surveyors, regulatory auditors, and repair teams.

Answer 7

Embarking and disembarking

Question 8

This service can spare the ship owners a deviation claim on behalf of the charterers and prevent any navigational delays, while ensuring that the best possible medical and safety measures are taken.

Answer 8

In case of an accident or a medical emergency onboard, a helicopter can be employed to pick up the victims and deliver them to a designated hospital.

Question 9

Stage 2: ___

Answer 9

Port Operations and Berthing Management

Question 10

This stage involves the ship’s navigation and berthing at the port.

Answer 10

Stage 2. Port Operations and Berthing Management

Question 11

From this stage onward, the port authorities will handle the ship’s navigational, berthing, loading, and unloading operations, taking into consideration its commercial and contractual status, that is, depending on whether the ship is a liner or a tramp.

Answer 11

Stage 2. Port Operations and Berthing Management

Question 12

the port typically has a contract with the liner company, which is the ship’s owner and manager

Answer 12

liner ships

Question 13

typically have a multiple year contract with the port, and their employees handle their fleet operations while being present at the port.

Answer 13

large liner ships

Question 14

perform the same repeated and predetermined schedule at the same designated ports of call, in order to load or unload the cargoes of their numerous clients (charterers, freight forwarders).

Answer 14

liner ships

Question 15

may include 8–12 ports of call per ship, while the port stay duration time may vary according to the cargo volumes per port, port traffic, and so on

Answer 15

liners service network

Question 16

on the other hand, trade in the spot market and conclude business usually with one or two charterers at a time

Answer 16

tramp ships

Question 17

_______ terms and conditions will stipulate the number of ports of call and the time allowed for loading or discharging. The agreement and decision-making process about each port of call will have to be decided between the ship owners and the charterers (freight forwarders), depending on the contractual duration and the level of authority that the owners wish to grant to the charterers.

Answer 17

the charter party

Question 18

Services Prior to the Ship’s Arrival

Answer 18

Berth Request

Question 19

Prior to the ship’s estimated arrival, its agents or managers (operations department) should submit an online request to the port, providing the following information:

Answer 19

− Vessel’s name and previous names
− Ship’s main particulars, for example, flag, ownership/management, charterers, deadweight (DWT), length overall (LOA), net tonnage
(NT), gross tonnage (GT), draft, and so on
− Estimated date and time of arrival
− Estimated date and time of departure
− Cargo type and volume
− Cargo operations specified, that is, loading or discharging

Question 20

At least _____ hours prior to the ship’s arrival at port, the ship’s operators, master, or agent should submit to the port, a___________, with particulars that pertain to the ship and its managers, cargo type and quantity, any operational information, and so on.

Answer 20

1. 72
2. Notice of Arrival

Question 21

with all cargo information should be produced, prepared, and duly approved by the shipowners, masters, or agents, in line with the port requirements.

Answer 21

Cargo Manifest

Question 22

Special Provisions for “Cargoes of Particular Hazard”

Answer 22

Cargo Manifest

Question 23

Services During the Ship’s Arrival

Answer 23

1. Pilotage Services
2. Berthing/Unberthing, Mooring/Unmooring, and Anchoring Operations

Question 24

Stage 3

Answer 24

Ship Operations at the Berth/Terminal

Question 25

After the ship has met the navigational and documentation prerequisites, the operations stage involves the vessel’s actual purpose of visiting the port, which may include loading, unloading, bunkering, victualing, and other operations.

Answer 25

Stage 3. Ship Operations at the Berth/Terminal

Question 26

This is a critical point for the performance of the port, the ship, and the shippers.

Answer 26

Stage 3. Ship Operations at the Berth/Terminal

Question 27

necessary in order to meet common goals such as holds’ or tanks’ cleaning, loading and discharging the cargo, cargo handling and stowage

Answer 27

teamwork

Question 28

Stage 4.

Answer 28

Port and Terminal Operators’ Logistics Networks

Question 29

In a matrix-like logic, a port’s horizontal positioning entails its power over its competitors, while its vertical positioning pertains to its strategic alliances, such as private terminal operators, investors, long-term contractors and subcontractors, stevedores’ companies, and so on.

Answer 29

Ports’ Positioning

Question 30

In a matrix-like logic, a __________entails its power over its competitors

Answer 30

port’s horizontal positioning

Question 31

while its _____ pertains to its strategic alliances, such as private terminal operators, investors, long-term contractors and subcontractors, stevedores’ companies, and so on.

Answer 31

vertical positioning

Question 32

Competent ports actively pursue to attract skilled global partners such as terminal operators, to run a certain number of their containers, bulk and liquid cargoes, and multipurpose cargo terminals and become active members of the regional logistics infrastructure.

Answer 32

Logistics Networks and Partnerships

Question 33

In addition, ports seek for ______ in order to enhance the port’s storage, cargo handling equipment, and warehousing services. At this stage, ports serve as distribution centers: they administer the cargo movements by utilizing their warehouses, roads (i.e., intrastate and interstate), and rail (i.e., on-dock and near-dock infrastructure).

Answer 33

logistics operators (Logistics Networks and Partnerships)

Question 34

ports serve as ____: they administer the cargo movements by utilizing their warehouses, roads (i.e., intrastate and interstate), and rail (i.e., on-dock and near-dock infrastructure).

Answer 34

distribution centers

Question 35

assume full ownership, monitoring, and controlling of the docks, berths, and other port facilities and frequently run the marine terminal in direct and full authority

Answer 35

Public port authorities (Marine Terminal Operator (MTO) Agreements and Leasing Opportunities)

Question 36

service providers that lease terminals, infrastructure, and superstructure from the landlord port authority and run the terminals as a private corporate entity.

Answer 36

Private terminal operators