PPT's Summary

Question 1

• Rubbing transfers charges between
  materials.
• Ancient Greeks discovered static electricity
  through amber and cloth rubbing

Answer 1

Static Electricity & Electric Charge

Question 2

• Matter: atoms with electrons, protons, and
  neutrons.
• Excess electrons = negative charge;
  excess protons = positive charge.

Answer 2

Structure of Matter

Question 3

• Gain or loss of electrons/protons.
• Encountered in redox reactions (e.g.,
  General Biology 1).

Answer 3

Ionization

Question 4

• Total electric charge in a closed system
  remains constant.

Answer 4

Principle of Conservation of Charge

Question 5

• Conductors permit charge transfer;
  insulators do not.
• Conductors facilitate electrocution.

Answer 5

Conductors & Insulators

Question 6

• Charge transfer via direct contact.
• Results in permanent charge distribution
  due to electron transfer.

Answer 6

Charging by Conduction

Question 7

• Charge induced in a neutral object without
  direct contact.
• Results in temporary charge distribution.

Answer 7

Charging by Induction

Question 8

• Electric force between two point charges
  proportional to product of charges, inversely
  proportional to square of distance between
  them.

Answer 8

Coulomb’s Law

Question 9

• Vector quantity acting along the line
  between two charges.
• Magnitude governed by Coulomb’s Law

Answer 9

Electric Force

Question 10

• Area of electrical influence around a
  charged object.
• Measured in newtons per coulomb (N/C).
• Represented by field lines indicating
  direction and strength.

Answer 10

Electric Field

Question 11

• Magnitude of electrostatic force between
  point charges ( q_1 ) and ( q_2 )
  separated by distance ( r ).

Answer 11

Coulomb’s Law

Question 12

• Lines represent field direction.
• Spacing indicates field strength.
• Arrows denote direction a positive charge
  would move.

Answer 12

Drawing Electric Fields

Question 13

• Represents electric field passing through a
  surface.

Answer 13

Electric Flux

Question 14

• Relates electric flux through a closed
  surface to total charge enclosed.

Answer 14

Gauss’ Law

Question 15

• Dielectrics function as insulators, e.g., paper or
  plastic between capacitor plates.
• Capacitance depends on the dielectric
  constant, influencing the mathematical
  representation of capacitors.

Answer 15

Dielectrics

Question 16

• Stored energy is electrical potential energy.

Answer 16

Energy Stored in a Capacitor

Question 17

• Capacitors connected in series reduce total
  capacitance

Answer 17

Capacitors in Series

Question 18

• Capacitors in parallel increase total
  capacitance.

Answer 18

Capacitors in Parallel

Question 19

• Electricity involves the movement of electrons,
  creating charge.
• Three key principles: Voltage, Current, and
  Resistance.

Answer 19

Electricity

Question 20

• Represents potential energy difference
  between two points in a circuit.
• Unit: Volt (V).

Answer 20

Voltage

Question 21

• Amount of charge passing per unit time.
• Unit: Ampere (A).

Answer 21

Current

Question 22

• Represents difficulty for current to pass through
  a circuit.
• Unit: Ohm (Ω).

Answer 22

Resistance

Question 23

• Total resistance in series is the sum of
  individual resistances.

Answer 23

Resistors in Series

Question 24

• Total resistance in parallel is the reciprocal of
  the sum of reciprocals of individual resistances.

Answer 24

Resistors in Parallel

Question 25

• Circuits can have combinations of series and
  parallel resistors.

Answer 25

Combining Series and Parallel

Question 26

• Total current entering or leaving a
  junction/node is zero, following the conservation
  of charge.

Answer 26

Kirchhoff’s Current Law

Question 27

• Total voltage around a closed loop equals the
  sum of voltage drops within the loop, adhering to
  the conservation of energy.

Answer 27

Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law