Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Prudent > PPT. questions Prudent use > Flashcards

PPT. questions Prudent use Flashcards

1
Q

Susceptible testing, main methods:

A

Disc diffusion method –> CLSI, how many mm diameter

Microdilution method –> Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Bacteria pathogens BRDC (ruminants)

A

GRAM-negative – main causative agents

  • Pasteurella multocida A (80-90%)
  • Mannheimia haemolytica (80-90%)
  • Histophilus somni (5%)

GRAM-positive

  • Trueperella pyogenes (50%)
  • Mycoplasma bovis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What antibiotic can we use for BRDC in ruminants?

A

Best options: Florfenicol, Marcolides (tulathromycin, gamitromycin

Against mycoplasma bovis also causing itm(more frequently resistant to antibiotics)
- Fluroquinolones: most effective but highest priority critical microorganism
- Macrolides are also effective : Tulathromycin, gamithromycin, Lincospectin (linco +
spectomycin à synergistic against Mycoplasma)
o Act against M.bovis + fastidious microorganism = good against BRDC!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Lung:plasma

Tilmicosin
Tulathromycin
Gamithromycin
Tildipirosin

A

Tilmicosin 30-60x (3 days effective conc. in lung)
Tulathromycin 50-180x (6-10 days effective conc. in lung)
Gamithromycin 480X (10-14 days effective conc. in lung)
Tildipirosin 50 (14-28 day effective conc. in lung) –> Not effective against mycoplasma bovis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What Ab have bad distribution?

A

BAD: penicillin, cephalosporin, aminoglycoside – cannot cross the special barriers, the
penetration in the lungs is bad
OTHER: good or excellent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What can we use against mannheimia hemolytivca and pausterella multocida? Ruminant

A

Best agent Ceftiofur and Fluroquinolones BUT CIA – prefer the less valuable
drugs as the: Macrolides (tulathromycin, gamithromycin, tilmicosin)
florfenicols

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Treatment Interdigital dermatitis (Mortellaro-disease)

A

Topical treatment! Foot bath 3x a week à montly
o 1. Zinc, copper-sulphate 5% + cationic detergents
o 2. Tetracycline containing spray
Topically – will reach a high concentration at the
given site of infection
Daily for one week à 3x a week for 2 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Interdigital phlegmone (foot rot) treatment?

A

more severe
o Topical therapy won’t be enough
o Lameness + necrosis
o Systemic antibiotic treatment + NSAID (meloxicam
duration: 2 days, carprofen – longer duration of action 4-5 days)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Foot disease ruminants, AB?

A

Ceftiofur/Cefquinom: CIA

  • Highlight: Lincomycin, Tulathromycin, Cephalosporines, Florfenicol
  • Tetracycline ++, in small ru the resistance is good, in Ru (+++)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Calf diarrhea AB treament, mild case?

A 
PER OS
o Amoxicillin 
§ Small ru – rare resistance 
o Fluroquinolones 
o Aminoglycoside : ∅ Spectinomycin – bacteriostatic – resistance more frequent 
o Colistin – CIA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Calf diarrhea AB treament, severe case?

A

PARENTERAL (IV)
Bad absorption with IM, SC due to dehydration
Ceftiofur (high Dosage!)

Amoxicillin (sheep), amoxi-clav (most product is IM or SC, and we need IV –
quick action!)
Fluoroquinolones –> Enro, marbofloxacin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

When are cows more sensitve to matsitis

A

Involution (right after drying off) –> most often G+

Transition (near calving) –> most often G-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Main causative agent of mastitis in cow?

A

1.Streptococcus uberis
2. e.coli
3.Prototheca zopfii – no effective drugs against this pathogen – those animal infected
are not kept for long

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Treatment clinical mastitis:

A

Serious case –> E.coli, Klebsiella (S. Aureus)

  • The main goal: prevention and treatment of bacteremia (40%)
  • Bactericidal activity à blood-milk barrier
Fluoroquinolones IV 
 o Marbofloxacin (Withdrawal period: 2d) 
 o Enrofloxacin (WP: 3d)

Tetracyclines IV
o Water-soluble (WP: 3d)

Pot. SA IV (WP: 3d)

+ infusion (Ca!), NSAID!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Intramammary mastitis treatment

A

oxacillin, cloxaxillin (strep, staph)
ampicillin, cloxacillin (steph, staph, e.coli)
cefalexin, kanamycin ((steph, staph, e.coli)
Amoxicillin + clavulinic acid (steph, staph, e.coli)
cefoperazone (steph, staph, e.coli)
Cefquinome (steph, staph, e.coli)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Major pathogens poultry:

A

Escherichia coli – does not cause enteritis in poultry!
Pasteurella multocida (fowl cholera)
Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale
Clostrodium perfringens (+ colinum)
Staphylococcus aures
Mycoplasma sp. (sonicia, meleagridis, gallisepticum)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

AB not authorised in poultry

A

category B:> 3 &4 gen. cephalosporins

Category C: 1 &2 gen cephalosporins, and amoxicillin - clavulinic acid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Narrow spectrum penicillins can treat? (poultry)

Phenoxymethylpenicillin (phenoxypen, phenocillin AUV)

A

Phenoxymethylpenicillin (phenoxypen, phenocillin AUV)
C. perfringens + other clostridum species
Swine erysipelas
Streptococcosis
Fowl cholera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Broadened spectrum penicillins can treat? (poultry)

Amoxicillin

A

Fowl cholera (1st choice)
Staphylococcus
enterococcus
ornithobacetrium rhinotracheale

C. perfringens + other clostridum species + Swine erysipelas (use NARROW instead)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Aminoglycosides can treat? (poultry)

A

Mycoplasma

Neomycin bacteriocidal, but spectinomycin bacteristatic.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q 
Polypeptide antibiotics  (poultry)
colistin
A

Category B à use it if no other drugs can be used!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Tetracylines (poultry)

A

Doxycycline (most potent, better absorption, excellent distribution)

Chlortetracycline (potent) and oxytetracycline

Fowl cholera (p. multocida)
o O. rhinotracheale
o Mycoplasmosis
o Bordetella avium

no toxic interaction with ionophore

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Macrolides can treat ? (poultry)

A

Gram +
§ E. perfingens
§ E. rhusiopathiae
§ Staphylococcus spp

Gram –
§ Mycoplasma gallisepticum, m. synoviae
• Tilmicosin < tylosin < tylvalosin
§ O. rhinotracheale
• Tylosin &laquo_space;tilmicosin < tylvalosin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

pasturella multocida & e. coli: Almost total resistance: against?

A

Macrolides in poultry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Lincosamides can treat ? (poultry)

A

Combined with spectinomycin

Mycoplasmosis
C. perfringens
Staphylococcosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Pleuromutilins can treat ? (poultry)

A

Tiamulin
o Mycoplasmosis
o O. rhinotracheale
o Gram + bacteria, p. multocida: weak

Ionophore interactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Potentiated sulphonamides can treat ? (poultry)

A

Ø mycoplasma

Fastidious (P. multocida)
o B. avium
o E. coli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Potentiated sulphonamides side effects

A

Potentiated sulphonamides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Fluoroquinolones can treat ? (poultry)

A 
Category B
- Clinical usage
o E. coli + mycoplasma species (CRD)
o Fowl cholera 
o A. paragallinarum
o B. avium 
o O. rhinotracheale: frequent resistance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Fluoroquinolones frequent resistance ? (poultry)

A

O. rhinotracheale & E. coli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

E. coli sensitivity test

A
  1. Aminopenicillins: amoxicillin &laquo_space;amoxicillin-clavulenic acid
    40-70% vs 1-10%
  2. Aminoglycosides: neomycin, spectinomycin – 20-30%
  3. Colistin – approx. 5%
  4. Tetracyclines L - > 40-90%
  5. Florfenicol – low, < 10%
  6. Potentiated SA – 25-40%
  7. Fluoroquinolones – 60-80%
    Low sensitivity remains
    Category D à normally 1st choice for e. coli but in poultry = no result
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Pasteurella multocida (fowl cholera) : most preferred AB

A

Amoxicillin, florfenicol, doxycycline, potentiated SA

can use enrofloxacin & tylvalosin as well.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale: most preferred AB

A

amoxicillin, doxycycline, florfenicol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Clostridium perfringens: most preferred AB

A

phenoxymethylpenicillin

can also use: Amoxicillin, tylosin, lincomycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Major pathogens swine:

A

-Clostridium perfingenC
- Spaphylococcus hycus
- Streptococcus suis
- Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
- Escherichia Coli
Time dependent bactericidal agents
Bacteriostatic agents
Bactericidal agents!
- Salmonella spp.
- PDS, MMA
- Pasturella multocida
- Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
- Haemophilus parasuis
- Lawsonia intracellularis
- Brachyspira hyodysenteriae
- Leptospira Pomona, L. tarassovi
- Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
- Mycoplasma hyorhins
- Mycoplasma hyosynoviae
- Mycoplasma suis

36
Q

Diarrhea (swine)

A
  • Clostridium perfingens C
  • Escherichia coli
  • Salmonella spp.
  • Lawsonia intracellularis – ileitis
  • Brachyspira hyodysenteriae – dysentery
37
Q

Clostridium perfingens C treatment (swine)

A

Necrotic enteritis

- Penicillin (phenoxymethylpenicillin), amoxicillin

38
Q

Swine dysentry treatment?

A 
Tylvalosin
Tiamulin
Lincomycin
Tiamulin
Valnemulin
39
Q

Polyserositis (swine) best treatment?

A

Florfenicol (works on all 3 main pathogens: h.parasuis. strep.suis & M. hyorhinis)

40
Q

“who will make the bed?” PRDC (Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex)

A

Mycoplasma hyopneumonia
o PRRS, SIV, PCV-2
o Environment

41
Q

(Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex): who will lie in the bed?

A

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
o Pasteurella multocida
o Bordetella bronchiseptica –> (atrophic rhinitis)
o Glässerella parasuis

+ our favorites:
§ Streptococcus suis
§ Mucoplasma hyorhinis

42
Q

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae treatment? (swine)

A

Tylvalosin
Tulathromycin
Tiamulin and valnemulin

43
Q

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae treatment? (swine)

A

Florfenicol

Ceftiofur
Cefquinome

Enro, marbo

44
Q

Staphylococcus hyicus treatment? (swine)

A

Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (amoxicillin alone not enough)
Tylosin
Lincomycin
PotSA

45
Q

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae treatment? (swine)

A

Penicillin (NARROW)

Amoxicillin

46
Q

Mycoplasma hyosynoviae treatment? (swine)

A

Tylvalosin, tulathromycin, gamithromycin

47
Q

Types of pyderma?

A

Surface
Supf.
Deep

48
Q

Surface pyoderma

A

only on surface, not in deeper tissue – treated with shampoo

–> Intertrigo, hot spot

49
Q

Superficial pyoderma

A

longer treatment period, often need systemic treatment

–> Folliculitis, impetigo, epidermal collarette

50
Q

Deep pyoderma

A

most severe, very painful, need systematic ABs, treatment for 4-8
weeks, sometimes 12 weeks
–> Furunculosis, cellulitis, german shepherd pyoderma, acral lick dermatitis

51
Q

PATHOGENIC BACTERIA (pyoderma)

A

Staphylococcus pseudointermedius: almost always present (normal bacteria on skin
flora) à frequently produce beta lactamase (penicillinase)

Staph. aureus (from owner) + Streptococcus canis (not so frequent)

52
Q

S. pseudointermedius Treatment

A

cant use amoxicillin alone, must combine with clavulinuc acid (suicide inhibitor)

Cehpalosporins also resistant to beta lactams

NB! MRSP & MRSA

53
Q

Deep pyoderma shampoo

A

Benzoyl peroxide shampoo – more heavy acting agent

Makes skin very dry and vulnerable à should use hydrating agent

54
Q

good against MRSA/MRSP (pyoderma)

A

Mupirocin (local & systemic)

Fusidic acid (5% resistance, local & systemic)

55
Q

SYSTEMIC TREATMENT PYODERMA

1 line choice

A

Doseage (deep pyoderma) –> higher doses due to penetration of skin

1st line
cefalexin BID
Amoxicillin clavulanic acid
Cefavecin (log DOA, can use in aggressive animal, inj)

Potentiated SA : Sulfamethoxazole ( can cause KCS, no long term)
Lincosamines: Clindamycin (bacteriostatic)

56
Q

SYSTEMIC TREATMENT PYODERMA

2nd line choice

A

Susceptibility test
Fluoroquinolones: Enrofloxacin, marbofloxacin, ciprofloxacin (prado in case of deep)

Antibiotics against MRSP, MRSA

57
Q

Antibiotics against MRSP, MRSA

A

Local: mupirocin, fusidic acid

Systemic:
rifampicin
amikacin
florfenicol

58
Q

SYSTEMIC TREATMENT PYODERMA

3rd line choice

A

Only after suseptibility test

Macrolides: Azithro & clarithomycin

Vancomycon , teicoplanin, linezolid (AMEG A à never used in food producers! + very
valuable for human medicine)

59
Q

Duration of pyoderma treatment

A

At least 3-4 weeks (surface)

Deep pyoderma: 4-8 weeks (12 weeks)

ONE WEEK MORE OF RECOVERY – give drugs for one more week after the animal
looks healthy

60
Q

OTITIS EXTERNA

A

Gram + (inflamed, itchy ear, some swelling)
o Staphylococcus pseudointermedius (+ other)
o Streptococcus canis (+ other)

Gram – (severe inlfamed, and painful)
o Pseudomonas aeruginosa
o Escherichia coli

61
Q

STAPHYLOCOCCUS – OTITIS THERAPY

A

Local (ear cleaner + ear drop)
o Chlorhexidine ear cleaner à fill ear with solution, let it work

AB
o Gentamicin
o Polymyxin-B
o Orbifloxacin
o Marbofloxacin
o Florfenicol
62
Q

STREPTOCOCCUS – OTITIS TREATMENT?

A

Resistant against the drugs mentioned under staph. treatment à but since there is
such a high concentration (several 100x higher than the MIC of the bacteria) in the
ear drops à will for sure kill the streptococcus

63
Q

PSEUDOMONAS – OTITIS THERAPY

A

Local (ear cleaner)
o EDTA, chlorhexidine
o Alkalizing

Local (ear drop)
o Gentamicin
o Tobramycin
o Polymyxin-B
o Marbofloxacin

Systemic
o Glucocorticoids (systemic effect)
o Per os: ciprofloxacin&raquo_space; marbofloxacin&raquo_space; enrofloxacin
§ HIGH DOSES

64
Q

MALASSEZIA – OTITIS TREATMENT

A 
Local (ear cleaner)
o Chlorhexidine
- Local (ear drops)
o Thiabendazole
o Clotrimazole
o Miconazole
o Posaconazole
o Terbinafin
65
Q

Mastitis in SMALL ANIMAL

A

Staphylococcus spp.

  • Streptococcus spp.
  • E. coli à can cause sepsis (endotoxin à shock) à most severe
  • Microscopic examination (Gram -)
66
Q

Systemic treatment Mastitis in SMALL ANIMAL

A

Septic (amoxi clav + enro) –> lifethreatening
Broad spectrum, given IV

Non-septic –> susceptibility test
o Gram + : Clindamycin & Macrolides
o Gram – : Fluoroquinolones,

o Puppies: ABs cause side effects
§ Weaning of animals –> milk should be mechanically removed

67
Q

Pharyngitis, Tonsillitis pathogens

A

Very commonly caused by streptococcus spp.! (S. canis) –> NO beta lactamase, so sensitive to penicillins

Pasteurella, or by viruses Æ culturing should be
done.
o Streptococcus Pyogenes is ZOONOTIC.

68
Q

Pharyngitis, Tonsillitis treatment

A

Penicillin’s (NARROW spectrum).
Cephalosporins (1st GENERATION)
Macrolides (azithromycin, clarithromycin)

69
Q

Rhinitis (+ sinusitis)

A

BacterialÆ superinfection (almost always secondary!)
x Purulent rhinitis is seen in case of bacterial infection
x Streptococcus spp.
x Staphylococcus spp.
x Pasteurella multocida (very typical in cats)
x Bordetella bronchiseptica
x Chlamydophila, Mycoplasma spp

70
Q

Rhinitis (+ sinusitis) Treatment

A

Tetracyclines - DOXYCYCLIN–> a very good choice (10mg/Kg, once daily)
Macrolides - AZITROMYCIN, CLARITROMYCIN Æ Can (10g/kg, twice daily)
x Fluoroquinolones except pradofloxacin (CIA, so should always culture before starting
treatment) –> not good against streptococcus.
x Pot. SA: less effective against streptococcus spp, but very good against Bordetella.
Penicillin’s, Cephalosporins –> will only use if we know the infection is caused by
streptococcus, Pasteurella. Better options.

71
Q

Feline rhinotracheitis: Treatment

A

Doxycycline (chlamydia, bordetella)

Amoxicillin +/- clavulanic acid (fe)– good in case of Pasteurella

Macrolides (azithromycin, clarithromycin)

Antibiotic eye drop, or ointments containing tetracycline.

72
Q

Bronchitis, pneumonia

life-threatening case

A

Amoxicillin clavulanic acid
Cephalosporins (cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, ceftzidime)
Aminoglycosides: Tobramycin, amikacin, gentamycin
Fluoroquinolones

73
Q

Bronchitis, pneumonia: Not Life-threatening case

A

Tetracyclines, Macrolides

Potentiated sulphonamides

74
Q

Kennel cough treatment

A

1st choice
Doxycycline → anti-inflammatory
Potentiated sulphonamides –> very good against Bordetella
Macrolides (clarithromycin, azithromycin) → anti inflammatory

2nd choice: Fluoroquinolones

3rd choice: Amoxicillin clavulanic acid, cephalosporines : not good against Bordetella nor
mycoplasma. Not the best penetration.

75
Q

Aspiration pneumonia (pneumonitis)

A

Life threatening case, we must act fast: Broad spectrum beta lactam + enrofloxacin
(aminoglycosides can be used instead of enrofloxacin, but nephrotoxic!) + metronidazole.

Glucocorticoid are contraindicated

76
Q

Pyothorax

A

Broad spectrum beta lactam + enrofloxacin (aminoglycosides can be
used instead of enrofloxacin, but nephrotoxic!) + metronidazole)

77
Q

Gingivitis, periodontitis

A 
Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid 
Metronidazole + spiramycin
Clindamycin
Cefovecin
Pradofloxacin
78
Q

ARD - Antibiotic responsive diarrhea

A

Tylosin
Metronidazol
Oxytetracycline

79
Q

immune modulators

A

alter the immune system in a good way,

Tylosin
Metronidazol
Oxytetracycline

80
Q

Parvoviriosis

A

amoxicillin + clavulanic acid + enrofloxacin IV (get consent from owner to use
enrofloxacin, due to the potential cartilage damage)

81
Q

Chronic colitis Treatment

A

Metronidazole! Tylosin Mesalazine

82
Q

Histiocytic ulcerative colitis:

A

Enrofloxacin! (4 weeks of treatment. But as always, be aware of
cartilage damage

83
Q

Best drug options in case of cystitis:

A 
1st line choices 
o amoxicillin 
o amoxicillin + clavulanic acid 
o cefalexin 
potentiated  sulphonamides

2nd line choices
o cefovecin
o fluoroquinolones
o nitrofurantoin/fosfomycin/amikaci Nitrofurantoin (just used in UTI)

84
Q

Prostatitis

A

Fluoroquinolones: in case of prostatitis FQ can be a first line drugs, but only in
these cases.

Potentiated sulfonamides! (Side effects)
Phenicol’s! (Side effects: BM suppression, anemia…etc)

85
Q

Recommended drugs for UTI’s

A

Amoxicillin (ampicillin

Prudent (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions