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BDV100- PHILIPPINE DIVERSITY > PPT NI MA'AM (1) > Flashcards

PPT NI MA'AM (1) Flashcards

1
Q

Levels of Biodiversity

A

1.Genetic Diversity
2.Species Diversity
3.Ecosystem Diversity

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2
Q

-Variability of Genes
-Vital in production of improved varieties of crops, timber trees and domesticated animals

A

Genetic Diversity

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3
Q

Chemical unis of hereditary information that are passed on from one generation to another

A

GENES

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4
Q

-Variety of Species within discrete geographical boundary
- total number of species occurring in a particular area.

A

Species Diversity

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5
Q

-a group of related or similar organisms capable of breeding freely to produce fertile offspring
-basic unit of biological classification
-measure of biological diversity

A

Species

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6
Q

17 Mega Diversity Countries in the Word

A

-Australia
-Brazil
-China
-Colombia
-Congo
-Ecuador
-India
-Indonesia
-Madagascar
-Malaysia
-Mexico
-Papua New Guinea
-Peru
-Philippines
-South Africa
-United States
-Venezuela

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7
Q

The Philippines biodiversity is among the world’s richest. The country is also recognized as a _________, harboring a wide variety of wildlife found nowhere else in the world.

A
  • center of endemism
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8
Q

Number: Birds

A

722 species (64% native, 35% endemic, 1% introduced)

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9
Q

Numbers: Reptiles

A

354 Species (22% Native, 76% Endemics, 2% Introduced)

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10
Q

Number: Fish

A

309 Species (64% Native, 29% Endemic, 7% introduced)

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11
Q

Number: Mammals

A

235 Species (35% Native, 61% endemic, 4% Introduced)

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12
Q

Number: Amphibians

A

115 Species (84% Endemic, 5% Introduced, 11% Native)

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13
Q

What Factors Influence (the distribution of) Biodiversity?

A

1.Temperature
2.Latitudinal Gradient
3.Altitude
4.Precipitation
5.Soil Type
6.Geography
7.Biological interactions with other organisms

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14
Q

Four Climatic Classifications of the Regions in the Philippines based on Corona System

A

-Type 1
-Type 2
-Type 3
-Type 4

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15
Q

Two pronounced season, dry from November to April, wet during the rest of the year

A

Type 1

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16
Q

No dry season with a very pronounced rainfalls from November to January

A

Type 2

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17
Q

Seasonal not very pronounced, dry from November to April, and wet during the rest of the year

A

Type 3

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18
Q

Rainfall more or less evenly distributed throughout the year

A

Type 4

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19
Q

Indirect Benefits (Nature’s Services)

A
  • Maintenance and stabilization of water functions
    -regulation of Climate
    -Maintenance of essential life processes
    -Soil protection and production
    -Recreational, scientific, educational, spiritual, and aesthetic values
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20
Q

_________________ is estimated to be between 8.7 million (11.3 million) species, according to recent studies. However, some estimates still suggest that there could be over 30 million species when considering microorganisms and undiscovered taxa.

A

Global species diversity

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21
Q

_________________ have been named and scientifically described to date, though this number is continuously increasing as new species are discovered.

A

Approximately 2 million species

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22
Q

_________________ is currently estimated at around 66,000 species, including fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.

A

Global vertebrate species diversity

23
Q

The Philippines is home to more than _______ of land vertebrates, including mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians, reflecting the country’s status as a megadiverse nation.

A

1,100 species

24
Q

-Variety of ecosystems within a geographical boundary
-variety of species within different ecosystems
-variety of ecosystems within a particular area

A

Ecosystems Diversity

25
Q

Ecosystems in the Philippines

A
  1. Forest
  2. Freshwater
  3. Agricultural
  4. Marginal
  5. Urban
  6. Mangrove
  7. Soft-bottom
  8. Seagrass
  9. Coral reef
26
Q

these diverse Philippine ecosystems include one of the world’s richest areas of biodiversity-__________
…and the most extensive ___________ in the East Asian Seas

A

-the tropical rainforest
- coral reef area

27
Q

the coral reefs in the Philippines, Indonesia, and Malaysia have been called the_______________

A

CORAL TRIANGLE (the world’s richest in marine diversity)

28
Q

How many Mega-diverse country are there?

A

17 Mega-diverse countries

29
Q

Although relatively small among the 17 megadiverse countries, the Philippines has the __________________ per unit area in the world.

A

greatest concentration of unique species

30
Q

Why is Philippines considered to be Mega-diverse?

A

-Because it has more than 52, 177 described species (half are endemic) which is about 60-70% of the worlds biodiversity.

31
Q

The Philippines’s species are among the ________________________.

A

world’s top 10 in terms of endemism

32
Q
A
33
Q

In terms of terrestrial vertebrates, the Philippines is known to host __________ of which 618 (or 50%) is endemic.

A

1,238 species

34
Q

are defined as a region with a very high distribution of endemic species or native species.

A

Biodiversity Hotspot

35
Q

Biodiversity Hotspot is also known as _______

A

biological hotspot

36
Q

_________ are those individual species that are found only in a restricted geographical zone with defined (specific) ecological factors.

A

Endemic Species

37
Q

A very abundant presence of endemic species in an area could be due to:

A

*Plentiful resources
*Favorable abiotic conditions
*Availability of specific factors for each species’ growth

38
Q

main characteristics of endemic species

A

-Specific Geographical Area
-Higher Vulnerability
-Lower Genetic exchange
- Unique Evolution

39
Q

They are species whose location is restricted to certain areas of the planet, which have the specific conditions to ensure their survival

A

Specific geographical area

40
Q

By relying on very specific natural conditions and having a smaller number of specimens, they are more vulnerable to extinction

A

Higher vulnerability

41
Q

Natural barriers existing in specific geographical sees prevent genetic exchange and drive the emergence of endemism and its species.

A

Lower genetic exchange

42
Q

Весause of their isolation, these species end up acquiring unique traits derived from, for example, the diet or climate of the geographical areas.

A

Unique Evolution

43
Q

Contrary to the common notion, biodiversity is quite_______________ distributed across the Earth.

A

heterogeneously

44
Q

There are different temperature zones of Earth, with a higher affinity of biodiversity towards the warmer, more humid zones (_________________) as compared to temperate regions (____________).

A

-near the Equator with high biodiversity
-low biodiversity

45
Q

______________ biodiversity is richer than that of any other geographical location on Earth.

A

Tropical rainforest

46
Q

Direct benefits (nature’s goods):

A

→Food
→ Clothing
→ Shelter
→Medicine
→Commercial/industrial uses
→Livelihood
→Agriculture

47
Q

▸ around 5,000 plant species are used as food worldwide
▸ food derived from animals include meat, eggs, poultry, fish, shellfish, and dairy products

A

Biodiversity’s contribution to food security

48
Q

➤ clothing fibers are derived from diverse plant species like cotton, abaca, pineapple and maguey
➤ clothing materials and accessories derived from animals include leather or hide, wool, fur, and silk

A

Clothing

49
Q

→ materials for house construction are derived from various plant sources like guijo, yakal, lauan, apitong, narra, almaciga, coconut, molave, rattan, bamboo, nipa, etc.

A

Shelter

50
Q

-at least 858 Philippine plant species are used medically
-local communities and indigenous peoples rely heavily on a variety of wild plants and animals for their medicines and health care

A

Medicine

51
Q
  • plants provide industrial/commercial products such as natural cellulose, rubber, gums, resin, tannin, dyes, waxes, oils, fuelwood, timber, and forage
  • animals provide oils, fuel, silk, feathers,
A

Commercial/industrial uses

52
Q

➡Natural resource products provide livelihood activities like farming, animal raising, hunting, rattan and bamboo gathering, logging, fishing, shellfish collecting, honey gathering, charcoal making, fuel wood gathering, cogon collecting, medicinal herbs gathering, and orchid gathering

A

Livelihood

53
Q

-Wild species of plants and animals are important in the production of plant and animal domesticates
-Wild genetic resources were important in the production of high-yield vegetables like cabbage and cauliflower
-Wild animal species are important in improved livestock production of cattle, pigs and poultry

A

Agriculture

BDV100- PHILIPPINE DIVERSITY (4 decks)

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