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Acute Care Block-Year 4 > PPT > Flashcards

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1
Q

what class of drug is adrenaline?

A

alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonists

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2
Q

what is the mechanism of action of adrenaline?

A

Acts on both alpha and beta receptors and increases both heart rate and contractility (beta1 effects); it can cause peripheral vasodilation (a beta2 effect) or vasoconstriction (an alpha effect).

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3
Q

what are the indications for adrenaline?

A

CPR – 1mg every 3-5 mins

Acute hypotension (children)

Emergency treatment of acute anaphylaxis – IM injection 500mcg

Bradycardia control in patients with arryhmias post MI

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4
Q

what are the adverse effects of adrenaline?

A

Adverse effects – gangrene if injected in fingers
Hypertension – leads to cerebral haemorrhage
Tachycardia, palpitation, angina, arrythmia

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5
Q

what are the contraindications of adrenaline?

A

Contraindications – injection around finger/toe, hypertension, CHD, arrythmia, haemorrhagic shock, thyrotoxicosis

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6
Q

what class of drug is amiodarone?

A

class III antiarrythmic

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7
Q

what class of drug is atropine?

A

antimuscarinic

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8
Q

what class of drug is 8.4% sodium bicarbonate?

A

an electrolyte replenisher, systemic alkalizer and in topical cleansing solutions.

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9
Q

what class of drug is Calcium gluconate or Calcium chloride?

A

mineral supplement

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10
Q

what class of drug is Magnesium sulfate?

A

anticonvulsant, a cathartic, and an electrolyte replenisher

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11
Q

what is the mechanism of action of amiodarone?

A

-blocks potassium currents that cause repolarization during the third phase of the cardiac action potential.
- increases the duration of the action potential and refractory period for myocytes, reducing cardiac muscle cell excitability preventing and treating abnormal heart rhythms
also interferes with beta receptors, sodium and calcium channels

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12
Q

what is the mechanism of action of atropine?

A

Atropine binds to and inhibit muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, producing a wide range of anticholinergic effects.

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13
Q

what is the mechanism of action of 8.4% sodium bicarbonate?

A

systemic alkaliser, which increases plasma bicarbonate, buffers excess hydrogen ion concentration, and raises blood pH, thereby reversing the clinical manifestations of acidosis.
It is also a urinary alkaliser, raising the urinary pH.

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14
Q

what is the mechanism of action of Calcium gluconate or Calcium chloride (hyperkalaemia)?

A

Calcium increases the threshold potential, thus restoring the normal gradient between threshold potential and resting membrane potential, which is abnormally elevated in hyperkalemia. Onset of action is within 5 minutes, and duration of action is about 30-60 minutes

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15
Q

what is the mechanism of action of Magnesium sulfate (hypomagnesaemia, Torsades de pointe, digoxin toxicity)?

A

dd

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16
Q

what are the indications for amiodarone?

A

d

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17
Q

what are the indications for atropine?

A

d

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18
Q

what are the indications for 8.4% sodium bicarbonate?

A

metabolic acidosis and hyperkalaemia

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19
Q

what are the indications for Calcium gluconate or Calcium chloride (hyperkalaemia)?

A

d

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20
Q

what are the indications for Magnesium sulfate (hypomagnesaemia, Torsades de pointe, digoxin toxicity)?

A

d

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21
Q

what are the adverse effects of amiodarone

A

d

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22
Q

what are the adverse effects of atropine

A

d

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23
Q

what are the adverse effects of 8.4% sodium bicarbonate (metabolic acidosis and hyperkalaemia)?

A

d

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24
Q

what are the adverse effects of Calcium gluconate or Calcium chloride (hyperkalaemia)?

A

d

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25
Q

what are the adverse effects of Magnesium sulfate (hypomagnesaemia, Torsades de pointe, digoxin toxicity)?

A

d

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26
Q

what are the contraindications for amiodarone?

A

d

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27
Q

what are the contraindications for atropine?

A

d

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28
Q

what are the contraindications for 8.4% sodium bicarbonate (metabolic acidosis and hyperkalaemia)?

A

d

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29
Q

what are the contraindications for Calcium gluconate or Calcium chloride (hyperkalaemia)?

A

d

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30
Q

what are the contraindications for Magnesium sulfate (hypomagnesaemia, Torsades de pointe, digoxin toxicity)?

A

d

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31
Q

name some local anaesthetics?

A

Lidocaine

Bupivacaine

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32
Q

what drug class is lidocaine

A

d

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33
Q

what drug class is bupivacaine

A

d

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34
Q

what is the mechanism of action of lidocaine?

A

d

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35
Q

what is the mechanism of action of bupivacaine?

A

d

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36
Q

what are the indications of lidocaine?

A

d

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37
Q

what are the indications of bupivacaine?

A

s

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38
Q

what are the adverse effects of lidocaine?

A

n

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39
Q

what are the adverse effects of bupivacaine?

A

j

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40
Q

what are the contraindications of lidocaine?

A

d

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41
Q

what are the contraindications of bupivacaine?

A

nd

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42
Q

name some IV general anaesthetics?

A

Etomidate
Ketamine
Propofol
Thiopental

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43
Q

name some IV opioids used in general anaesthesia?

A

Fentanyl

Remifentanil

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44
Q

name some inhalational general anaesthetics?

A 
Desflurane
Halothane
Isoflurane
Nitrous oxide
Sevoflurane
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45
Q

what is the mechanism of etomidate?

A

m

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46
Q

what is the mechanism of ketamine?

A

j

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47
Q

what is the mechanism of propofol?

48
Q

what is the mechanism of thiopental?

49
Q

what is the mechanism of fentanyl?

50
Q

what is the mechanism of remifentanil?

51
Q

what is the mechanism of desflurane?

52
Q

what is the mechanism of halothane?

53
Q

what is the mechanism of isoflurane?

54
Q

what is the mechanism of nitrous oxide?

55
Q

what is the mechanism of sevoflurane?

56
Q

what are the indications of etomidate?

57
Q

what are the indications of ketamine?

58
Q

what are the indications of propofol?

59
Q

what are the indications of thiopental?

60
Q

what are the indications of fentanyl?

61
Q

what are the indications of remifentanil?

62
Q

what are the indications of desflurane?

63
Q

what are the indications of halothane?

64
Q

what are the indications of isoflurane?

65
Q

what are the indications of nitrous oxide?

66
Q

what are the indications of sevoflurane?

67
Q

what are the adverse effects/contraindications of

68
Q

what are the adverse effects/contraindications of

69
Q

what are the adverse effects/contraindications of

70
Q

what are the adverse effects/contraindications of

71
Q

what are the adverse effects/contraindications of

72
Q

what are the adverse effects/contraindications of

73
Q

what are the adverse effects/contraindications of

74
Q

what are the adverse effects/contraindications of

75
Q

what are the adverse effects/contraindications of

76
Q

what are the adverse effects/contraindications of

77
Q

what are the adverse effects/contraindications of

78
Q

name a depolarising neuromuscular blocking drug?

A

Suxamethonium (succinylcholine)

79
Q

name some non depolarising neuromuscular blocking drugs?

A 
Atracurium
Cisatracurium
Mivacurium
Pancuronium
Rocuronium
Vecuronium
80
Q

name some aceytlcholinesterase inhibitors?

A

Edrophonium
Neostigmine
Pyridostigmine

81
Q

what is the mechanism of suxamethonium?

82
Q

what is the mechanism of atracurium?

83
Q

what is the mechanism of cisatracurium?

84
Q

what is the mechanism of mivacurium?

85
Q

what is the mechanism of pancuronium?

86
Q

what is the mechanism of rocuronium?

87
Q

what is the mechanism of vecuronium?

88
Q

what is the mechanism of edrophonium?

89
Q

what is the mechanism of neostigmine?

90
Q

what is the mechanism of pyridostigmine?

91
Q

what are the indications of suxamethonium?

92
Q

what are the indications of atacurium?

93
Q

what are the indications of cisatracurium?

94
Q

what are the indications of mivacurium?

95
Q

what are the indications of pancuronium?

96
Q

what are the indications of rocuronium?

97
Q

what are the indications of vecuronium?

98
Q

what are the indications of edrophonium?

99
Q

what are the indications of neostigmine?

100
Q

what are the indications of pyridostigmine?

101
Q

what are the adverse effects/contraindications of suxamethonium?

102
Q

what are the adverse effects/contraindications of atacurium?

103
Q

what are the adverse effects/contraindications of cisatracurium?

104
Q

what are the adverse effects/contraindications of miacurium?

105
Q

what are the adverse effects/contraindications of pancuronium?

106
Q

what are the adverse effects/contraindications of rocuronium?

107
Q

what are the adverse effects/contraindications of vecuronium?

108
Q

what are the adverse effects/contraindications of edrophonium?

109
Q

what are the adverse effects/contraindications of neostigmine?

110
Q

what are the adverse effects/contraindications of pyridostigmine?

111
Q
  • 0.9% sodium chloride (with or without KCl)
  • 5% glucose (with or without KCl)
  • Compound sodium lactate [Hartmann’s solution]
112
Q

what are the components of 0.9% sodium chloride (with or without KCl?

113
Q

what are the components of 5% glucose (with or without KCl)?

114
Q

what are the components of Compound sodium lactate [Hartmann’s solution]?

115
Q

what are the uses of 0.9% sodium chloride (with or without KCl?

116
Q

what are the uses of 5% glucose (with or without KCl)?

117
Q

what are the uses ofCompound sodium lactate [Hartmann’s solution]?

Acute Care Block-Year 4 (8 decks)

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