ppt 5 Flashcards
Discomfort is the price of admission
to a meaningful life.
Susan David, PhD
Name four attributes of a good test.
Reliability
Validity
______
______
Luria’s neurological-biological approach to the measurement of intelligence is based on the following factors:
- executive function of planning
- maintenance of attention
- successive processing
- simultaneous processing
Testing and Assessment of People & Communities of Color (A Range of Organizations including APA)
Recounting the history of harm that assessment has
done to people and communities of color (starting as far back as Plato) as well as suggestions to minimize cultural influences in testing.
African Americans
American Indians, Alaska Natives, and Native Hawaiians
Asian Americans
Latina/os Americans
Unitary Constructs
Constructs that hang together
A construct measured by adding two or more related subtests AND those component subtests scores are not substantially dissimilar.
Thus the construct holds together, is cohesive, and can be considered as a viable construct
E.g. Visual ability reflected in BD, MR, and PC.
Tenants of intelligence testing
Subtests are samples of behavior (they are only limited samples)
Testing assesses mental functioning under fixed experimental conditions
Test batteries are most useful when interpreted from a theoretical model (e.g., Information processing model)
Hypotheses should be supported by multiple sources
how is WAIS IV interpreted?
By FSIQ
By Index scores
By Subscale scores
By idiograhic answers/behaviors
AND
Normative comparison
Idiographic profile
How is the FSIQ useful?
Big part of diagnosing intellectual disability
Intellectual Disability 3 DSM criteria
A. Deficits in intellectual functioning confirmed by clinical assessment and individualized, standardized intelligence testing
B. Deficits in adaptive functioning that limits one or more ADLs, including communication, social participation, and independent living, across multiple environments including home, school, work, community)
C. Onset during the developmental period
Adaptive behavior measures
- Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale 3rd Edition
- Adaptive Behavior Assessment System-3 (ABAS-3)
How are Indices Useful?
Assess qualitatively different types of intellectual functioning
Intellectual performance as a multidimensional construct
WAIS IV Indices
VCI – verbal comprehension
Long term memory and learning ability
WMI – Information processing capacity
PRI – perceptual reasoning
Spatial reasoning ability
PSI –
Processing visually presented information accurately and quickly
how are index scores helpful?
???
Verbal Comprehension (VC)
“retrieval of verbal information from long term storage and reasoning with it.”
Perceptual Reasoning (PR)
“reasoning with nonverbal, visual stimuli including the ability to analyze and synthesize abstract visual stimuli.”
Working Memory (WMI)
Encoding stimuli, keeping information accessible, manipulating it and using it in thinking. Often called the “engine of learning”
Processing Speed (PSI)
Visual, Motor, and Visual-motor processing speed
What is needed to be able to do in BD?
Eyesight & Some motor skill,
Being able to register the visual image of each block,
Understand the fact they are all identical,
Manipulating and comparing in one’s mind a block in relation to the model and the other blocks,
Communicating one’s mental effort to the fingers,
Registering visual feedback to make adjustments.
Largely relies on visual-spatial abilities.
What abilities does a particular subtest require?
Comprehension
- Hearing
- Language skills
- Attentional abilities (ability to focus, anxiety)
- Experience in the world (rich vs. impoverished, moral development, etc.)
- Abstract reasoning to formulate an answer
- Articulation
- Ability to respond to query
Information Processing Model
Input (how information from the senses enters the brain)
Integration (Interpreting and processing)
Storage (storing for later retrieval)
Output (expressing information)
What do good assessors use in Interpretation Theory?
Good assessors use:
Research knowledge
Theoretical sophistication
Solid clinical skills
What skills are needed for verbal comprehension subtest?
Hearing,
Language skills,
Attentional abilities (ability to focus, anxiety)
Experience in the world (rich vs impoverished, moral development, etc)
Abstract reasoning to formulate an answer
Articulation
Ability to respond to query
Ipsative Method
Use theory to organize process:
A. Wechsler’s 4-Indices AND/OR
B. Keith’s 5-factors (derived from Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) theory of the structure of cognitive abilities)
More reliability in composite scores (clusters) than in subtests (the clusters must be unitary)
Ipsative Approach (Kaufman & Lichtenberger)
- Measuring yourself against yourself
- Intra-individual differences alone are insufficient for conclusions BUT can provide hypotheses to weight against other information
Two ways to analyze WAIS results
- Using the second page of the WAIS-IV record form
- Using Lichentenberger & Kaufman procedure
Lichentenberger & Kaufman
A. Individual Subtest Qualitative & Clinical Analysis
Key Assets and High-Priority Concerns
If both a Personal and Normative Strength = Key Asset
If both a Personal and Normative Weakness = High-Priority Concern
