PPT 1- INTRODUCTION

Question 1

3 Rs in the Immune system fun

Answer 1

-Recognize, response, and remember

Question 2

Acquired means to

Answer 2

Remember

Question 3

Major players of the immune system

Answer 3

Antigen (foreign proteins that stimulate an immune response)
Antibody (immuno-reactive protein made in response to exposure to foreign Ag)
Pathogen (disease-causing microorganism)

Note: Immunogen means very antigenic. An immunogen is any antigen that is capable of inducing humoral and/or cell-mediated immune response rather than immunological tolerance

Question 4

Major players of immune system (cont.)

• Lymphocytes
• B-cells
• T-cells

Answer 4

B-lymphocytes (B-cells)
plasma cells make antibodies specific to each Ag
termed Ab-mediated immunity – T-lymphocytes (T-Cells)
Cytotoxic Lymphocytes
– attack infected/mutant/foreign cells (Tc/CD-8)
T-helper Lymphocytes
– regulate immune response (Th/CD-4)

Note: AIDS attack T-helper cells

Question 5

Major Players of Immune System (cont.)

-Phagocytes – cells that kill and eat. Which are the two type and their function presented in class?

Answer 5

• Macrophages: cell that ingests pathogens and
  cellular debris and presents antigens to Th-cells. THEY ACTIVATE SPECIFIC IMMUNITY
• Neutrophils: ingests pathogens and cellular
  debris, but do not present antigens to Th-cells

Question 6

The Body’s defense play an innate (born with it) and specific role which is

Answer 6

Phagocytosis and complement

Question 7

The Body’s Defense

-1st Line characteristics

Answer 7

Non-specific(innate-Born with)-barriers

Ex: skin, mucus, HCL

Question 8

The Body’s Defense

-2nd Line characteristics

Answer 8

Non-specific-cellular PHAGOCYTOSIS , inflammation, COMPLEMENT protein, fever

Question 9

The Body’s Defense

-3rd Line characteristics

Answer 9

Specific-immunity
Antibodies, B-cells, T-cells
-directed by cytokinesis
PHAGOCYTOSIS AND COMPLEMENT

Question 10

Two Basic Types of Immunity which are

Answer 10

Innate and Adaptive Immunity

Question 11

Innate Immunity Characteristics

Answer 11

-Natural resistance with which a person is born
– Non-Specific
– Non-Inducible (always on, so we can’t change it)
– No Memory Produced
– Acts Early in Immune Response

Question 12

Adaptive (Acquired) Immunity

Answer 12

True Immunity
– Responds less rapidly than innate immunity but
more effectively
– Specific (will remember an organism that harm you)
– Inducible
– Shows memory
– Demonstrates self-tolerance

Question 13

Inflammation – Five Steps

Answer 13

1. Initial phagocytosis
   - Macrophages and neutrophils engulf debris &
   foreign matter
2. Capillaries dilate and become more
   permeable
   - via histamine released from mast cells
3. Foreign matter contained
4. More leukocytes migrate to area
5. Leukocytes clear infection

Question 14

Four Hallmarks of Inflamation

Answer 14

Redness (rubor, Latin)
– histamine causes vasodilation
and capillary leakage
 Heat (calor, Latin)
– histamine causes vasodilation
and capillary leakage
 Swelling (tumor, Latin)
– histamine causes vasodilation
and capillary leakage (edema)
 Pain (dolor, Latin)
– Neural receptors stimulated by
kinins

Question 15

From the 4 Hallmarks of inflammation which 3 out of the 4 causes histamine

Answer 15

Redness, heat, and swelling

Question 16

From the 4 Hallmarks of Inflammation the only one that is not cause by histamine is

Answer 16

Pain (dolor)