PPT 1 Flashcards
1
Q
First reported use of ether and year
A
Dr. Crawford Long - 1842
2
Q
Discovery of N2O
A
Priestly, 1773
3
Q
First public use of ether
A
1846 by Dr. William Morton in ether dome, Mass General
4
Q
First true anesthesiologist
A
Dr. Snow
5
Q
First to utilize anesthesia generally
A
Dentists
6
Q
Landmark case
A
Frank v. South
7
Q
Ruling of frank v south
A
Margaret Hatfield not engaged in practice of medicine
8
Q
1921
A
ANA rejected nurse anesthetists, Agatha Hodgins
9
Q
Earliest administration of anesthesia
A
Ether and chloroform
10
Q
First nurse to administer anesthesia
A
Catherine Lawrence
11
Q
First year nurses gave anesthesia
A
1861
By nuns
12
Q
First “nurse anesthetist”
A
Sister Mary Bernard; 1878
13
Q
First CRNA school
A
Charity Hospital in New Orleans
14
Q
Early physicians to support CRNAs
A
Mayo Broothers
15
Q
Nurse who took over anesthesia at Mayo
A
Alice Magaw
16
Q
Who is “mother of anesthesia”
A
Alice Magaw
17
Q
Reason for name “mother of anesthesia”
A
First to document (3000 cases), taught dr.s and nurses sent from everywhere
18
Q
Founded NANA
A
Agatha Hodgins
19
Q
Magaws successor
A
Florence Henderson
20
Q
First faculty position in medical school
A
Alice Hunt
21
Q
One of first to use O2N2O
A
Agatha Hodgins
22
Q
Spent life denouncing nurse anesthetist
A
Dr. Francis McMechan
23
Q
1936
A
ASA founded (American society of anesthesiologists)
24
Q
Meaning of “ology”
A
Expert
25
Frank v South
Significant court case - 1917; anesthesia NOT solely practice of medicine
26
1921
ANA denied nurse anesthetists
| Hodgins
27
Margaret Hatfield
Found not guilty in frank v south (not engaged in practice of medicine)
28
World War I
Agatha taught European/British Drs how to give N2O/O2
29
Outcome of Frank v. South
Hatfield was not engaged in the practice of medicine
30
Agatha Hodgins first organization
NANA - National association of Nurse Anesthetists
31
First meeting of NANA
June 17, 1931 know this
32
Agatha Hodgins
Founder of first association of nurse anesthetists
33
Who started local group of CRNAs in Jewish Hospital in Philadelphia?
Hilda Solomon
34
Hilda Solomon
Began frontier of education committee for CRNAs
35
Dagmar Nelson
Lawsuit stating Dagmar Nelson (CRNA) performed as physician without medical license
36
Outcome of Dagmar Nelson Case
Established legality of nurse anesthetist — Dagmar found not guilty (CRNA under direction of surgeon)
37
What factor has played a major role in attracting physicians into anesthesia?
Economic factors
38
Who addressed the first national convention of the National association of nurse anesthetists?
Gertrude Fife
39
Standards of Care for CRNAs began when by who?
1933 - still used to this day. Gertrude Fife and NANA Board of Trustees
40
Who began AANA Education Committee?
Helen Lamb
41
First CRNA to serve as Chief of the Army Nurse Corps
Mildred Clark
42
Worked with Alfred Blalock at Johns Hopkins working on “Blue Babies” - tetralogy of Fallot
Olive Berger
43
Anti-Adriani Bylaw
ASA developed bylaw stating anesthesiologist were unethical if participating in training/education of CRNAs
44
Outcome of Anti-Adriani Bylaw
Rescinded 1964
45
First AANA qualifying (certification) exam
1945
46
First executive director of AANA
Florence McQuillen
47
AANA began accrediting schools
1952
48
1940s
First male; African American class in AANA
49
Virginia Thatcher
Wrote history of Nurse Anesthesia practice
50
1957
AANA officially credentialed “Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist” CRNA
51
When was certification exam implemented?
1957
52
Significant issue in 1980s
U.S. Congress passed legislation which created disincentives for utilization for CRNAS. Hospitals terminated CRNAs.
53
OBRA
1986 - direct reimbursement under Medicare for CRNAs. OBRA - Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act
54
TEFRA
Tax Equity and financial responsibility act
55
TEFRA does what?
Defines reimbursement for Medicare Parts A and B - 1982. PASSED 1986
56
TEFRA regulations
7 regulations. MDA present for: preop eval, induction, maintenance, emergence, critical points of case, postop and release from PACU. Cannot supervise more than 4 CRNAs at once
57
TEFRA is under which part?
Medicare part B
58
Bhan v. NME Hospitals, Inc.
Anti competitive arrangements designed to exclude CRNAs from practice may be challenged under the antitrust laws
59
Significant event in 2001
Opt-Out Rule
60
Opt-Out Rule
CRNAs do not have to collaborate or be supervised by any physician
61
First CRNA inducted in FAAN
Ira Gunn
62
First male president of AANA
John Garde
63
Gale Pollock
Major General - appointed as acting Deputy Surgeon General of US Army from oct 2006-march 2007; also chief of army nurse corps
64
COA
Council for accreditation - determines school eligibility, etc.
65
Barriers to successful surgery 1800s
Infection, sterilization, lack of surgical knowledge, anesthesia
66
NANA changed to current name
1939 - AANA, headquarters moved to Chicago
67
What is the medical direction model?
MDA involved in or supervising up to 4 concurrent cases. Fulfills TEFRA regulations
68
1 MD supervising 5 CRNAs
Medical supervision - not medical direction model
69
TEFRA regulations
7 regulations for MDA in order to get paid, not commit fraud
70
Can CRNAs in all states bill non-medically directed?
Yes
71
How CRNAs bill if not medically directed
QZ Modifier
72
QX
CRNA modifier, under medical direction
73
QZ
CRNA modifier with NO MD direction
74
QK
MD modifier, directing 2-4 concurrent cases
75
QY
MD modifier, directing 1 CRNA
76
What is the most cost effective anesthesia practice model in anesthesia care?
Nonmedical direction billing, CRNA only
77
Components of billing
Base unit + time units x conversion fee
78
Significant event in 2001
Opt out rule passed
79
Components to pass Opt Out
State governor must send letter of attestation to CMS, meets with BON, BOM
80
TEFRA regulations
PIMECPR — preop eval, induction, maintenance, emergence, critical points, post op, release from PACU. Must be immediately available.
