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Professional CRNA 1 > PPT 1 > Flashcards

PPT 1 Flashcards

1
Q

First reported use of ether and year

A

Dr. Crawford Long - 1842

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2
Q

Discovery of N2O

A

Priestly, 1773

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3
Q

First public use of ether

A

1846 by Dr. William Morton in ether dome, Mass General

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4
Q

First true anesthesiologist

A

Dr. Snow

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5
Q

First to utilize anesthesia generally

A

Dentists

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6
Q

Landmark case

A

Frank v. South

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7
Q

Ruling of frank v south

A

Margaret Hatfield not engaged in practice of medicine

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8
Q

1921

A

ANA rejected nurse anesthetists, Agatha Hodgins

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9
Q

Earliest administration of anesthesia

A

Ether and chloroform

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10
Q

First nurse to administer anesthesia

A

Catherine Lawrence

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11
Q

First year nurses gave anesthesia

A

1861

By nuns

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12
Q

First “nurse anesthetist”

A

Sister Mary Bernard; 1878

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13
Q

First CRNA school

A

Charity Hospital in New Orleans

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14
Q

Early physicians to support CRNAs

A

Mayo Broothers

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15
Q

Nurse who took over anesthesia at Mayo

A

Alice Magaw

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16
Q

Who is “mother of anesthesia”

A

Alice Magaw

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17
Q

Reason for name “mother of anesthesia”

A

First to document (3000 cases), taught dr.s and nurses sent from everywhere

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18
Q

Founded NANA

A

Agatha Hodgins

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19
Q

Magaws successor

A

Florence Henderson

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20
Q

First faculty position in medical school

A

Alice Hunt

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21
Q

One of first to use O2N2O

A

Agatha Hodgins

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22
Q

Spent life denouncing nurse anesthetist

A

Dr. Francis McMechan

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23
Q

1936

A

ASA founded (American society of anesthesiologists)

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24
Q

Meaning of “ology”

A

Expert

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25
Q

Frank v South

A

Significant court case - 1917; anesthesia NOT solely practice of medicine

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26
Q

1921

A

ANA denied nurse anesthetists

Hodgins

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27
Q

Margaret Hatfield

A

Found not guilty in frank v south (not engaged in practice of medicine)

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28
Q

World War I

A

Agatha taught European/British Drs how to give N2O/O2

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29
Q

Outcome of Frank v. South

A

Hatfield was not engaged in the practice of medicine

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30
Q

Agatha Hodgins first organization

A

NANA - National association of Nurse Anesthetists

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31
Q

First meeting of NANA

A

June 17, 1931 know this

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32
Q

Agatha Hodgins

A

Founder of first association of nurse anesthetists

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33
Q

Who started local group of CRNAs in Jewish Hospital in Philadelphia?

A

Hilda Solomon

34
Q

Hilda Solomon

A

Began frontier of education committee for CRNAs

35
Q

Dagmar Nelson

A

Lawsuit stating Dagmar Nelson (CRNA) performed as physician without medical license

36
Q

Outcome of Dagmar Nelson Case

A

Established legality of nurse anesthetist — Dagmar found not guilty (CRNA under direction of surgeon)

37
Q

What factor has played a major role in attracting physicians into anesthesia?

A

Economic factors

38
Q

Who addressed the first national convention of the National association of nurse anesthetists?

A

Gertrude Fife

39
Q

Standards of Care for CRNAs began when by who?

A

1933 - still used to this day. Gertrude Fife and NANA Board of Trustees

40
Q

Who began AANA Education Committee?

A

Helen Lamb

41
Q

First CRNA to serve as Chief of the Army Nurse Corps

A

Mildred Clark

42
Q

Worked with Alfred Blalock at Johns Hopkins working on “Blue Babies” - tetralogy of Fallot

A

Olive Berger

43
Q

Anti-Adriani Bylaw

A

ASA developed bylaw stating anesthesiologist were unethical if participating in training/education of CRNAs

44
Q

Outcome of Anti-Adriani Bylaw

A

Rescinded 1964

45
Q

First AANA qualifying (certification) exam

A

1945

46
Q

First executive director of AANA

A

Florence McQuillen

47
Q

AANA began accrediting schools

A

1952

48
Q

1940s

A

First male; African American class in AANA

49
Q

Virginia Thatcher

A

Wrote history of Nurse Anesthesia practice

50
Q

1957

A

AANA officially credentialed “Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist” CRNA

51
Q

When was certification exam implemented?

A

1957

52
Q

Significant issue in 1980s

A

U.S. Congress passed legislation which created disincentives for utilization for CRNAS. Hospitals terminated CRNAs.

53
Q

OBRA

A

1986 - direct reimbursement under Medicare for CRNAs. OBRA - Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act

54
Q

TEFRA

A

Tax Equity and financial responsibility act

55
Q

TEFRA does what?

A

Defines reimbursement for Medicare Parts A and B - 1982. PASSED 1986

56
Q

TEFRA regulations

A

7 regulations. MDA present for: preop eval, induction, maintenance, emergence, critical points of case, postop and release from PACU. Cannot supervise more than 4 CRNAs at once

57
Q

TEFRA is under which part?

A

Medicare part B

58
Q

Bhan v. NME Hospitals, Inc.

A

Anti competitive arrangements designed to exclude CRNAs from practice may be challenged under the antitrust laws

59
Q

Significant event in 2001

A

Opt-Out Rule

60
Q

Opt-Out Rule

A

CRNAs do not have to collaborate or be supervised by any physician

61
Q

First CRNA inducted in FAAN

A

Ira Gunn

62
Q

First male president of AANA

A

John Garde

63
Q

Gale Pollock

A

Major General - appointed as acting Deputy Surgeon General of US Army from oct 2006-march 2007; also chief of army nurse corps

64
Q

COA

A

Council for accreditation - determines school eligibility, etc.

65
Q

Barriers to successful surgery 1800s

A

Infection, sterilization, lack of surgical knowledge, anesthesia

66
Q

NANA changed to current name

A

1939 - AANA, headquarters moved to Chicago

67
Q

What is the medical direction model?

A

MDA involved in or supervising up to 4 concurrent cases. Fulfills TEFRA regulations

68
Q

1 MD supervising 5 CRNAs

A

Medical supervision - not medical direction model

69
Q

TEFRA regulations

A

7 regulations for MDA in order to get paid, not commit fraud

70
Q

Can CRNAs in all states bill non-medically directed?

A

Yes

71
Q

How CRNAs bill if not medically directed

A

QZ Modifier

72
Q

QX

A

CRNA modifier, under medical direction

73
Q

QZ

A

CRNA modifier with NO MD direction

74
Q

QK

A

MD modifier, directing 2-4 concurrent cases

75
Q

QY

A

MD modifier, directing 1 CRNA

76
Q

What is the most cost effective anesthesia practice model in anesthesia care?

A

Nonmedical direction billing, CRNA only

77
Q

Components of billing

A

Base unit + time units x conversion fee

78
Q

Significant event in 2001

A

Opt out rule passed

79
Q

Components to pass Opt Out

A

State governor must send letter of attestation to CMS, meets with BON, BOM

80
Q

TEFRA regulations

A

PIMECPR — preop eval, induction, maintenance, emergence, critical points, post op, release from PACU. Must be immediately available.

Professional CRNA 1 (2 decks)

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